From BIOSCI-REQUEST Fri Dec 1 03:04:32 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id DAA25964; Fri, 1 Dec 1995 03:04:32 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id DAA25959 for ; Fri, 1 Dec 1995 03:04:26 -0800 Received: from [139.124.16.21] (smepc11.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA057295772; Fri, 1 Dec 1995 12:02:52 +0100 From: "Helmut Zibrowius" Date: Fri, 1 Dec 95 12:00:07 MST Message-Id: <9295.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Reply-To: X-Popmail-Charset: IBM 8-Bit To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: Sabella spallanzanii from Java? CHAETZONE no. 9 edited by G. Read contains some information on S. spallanzanii, part of which which is quoted here: ------------------------------------- * - SABELLA SPALLANZANII DISTRIBUTION ------------------------------- From Phyllis Knight-Jones As readers of Chaetozone will know there has been great interest in the discovery of a vast population of this species in Geelong harbour near Melbourne since Carey and Watson's report (Carey J.M. and Watson J.E., 1992. Benthos of the muddy bottom habitat of the Geelong arm of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. _The Victorian Naturalist_ pp. 196-202.) I examined the Siboga material from a reef off Nusa-Laut Island, Indonesia (46m depth), but it is not _Sabella spallanzanii_ ('Spirographis Spallanzanii'). It is in fact _Bispira tricyclia_ (Schmarda), the only unispiral _Bispira_ in the genus (as amended in Perkins and Knight-Jones, 1991). The two species were wrongly synonymised by Fauvel (eg. 1953). After very interesting studies on the Amsterdam collections (various genera), Harry ten Hove accompanied us to Leiden and had the foresight to search for unregistered (unidentified) sabellid collections, while I browsed through official holdings. Knowing of my interests in both Indonesia and _Sabellastarte_, he selected a jar of very large sabellids labelled 'Kuhl, Java'. Examination proved this to be six specimens of _Sabella spallanzanii_. Jacob van der Land informed us that Dr Kuhl, a young short-lived medic, collected these in 1820, but no further details of location are available. Kuhl was a mainly terrestrial naturalist, perhaps without naval support, so one might speculate that the material was gathered in a convenient harbour, perhaps Batavia, now known as Djakarta. Now this Indonesian material is identified, 165 years after it was collected, we have reliable records of _Sabella spallanzanii_ from the Mediterranean, NW France, Azores, Rio de Janeiro, Java and Australia. The oldest records are from the Mediterranean and Java, the next oldest probably Hanson's (1882) descriptions from Rio under 4 different names, all synonyms with _spallanzanii_. It is interesting to note that these locations coincide with the old sailing route to Asia, though a notable absence is the revictualling stop at Cape Town. There, however, the original harbours are long since under concrete. -- Phyllis Knight-Jones ------------------------------------ As I already informed Phyllis, I have a comment concerning the KUHL Java 1820 record. I would be less confident in this record. Have come across many errors concerning old material, and including the Challenger! But I am confident in Jacob van der Land's detective and archeologist work: that Kuhl was a medic who traveled to Java around 1820. Take the following case which, I presume, may throw some doubt on the Javanese origin of those old Leiden S. spallanzanii: My detailed investigations on the colonial scleractinian coral Sclerhelia hirtella (Pallas, 1766) suggest that this species is a true endemic of St. Helena, South Atlantic. (Zibrowius H., 1974. Redescription of Sclerhelia hirtella from Saint Helena, South Atlantic, and remarks on Indo-Pacific species erroneously referred to the same genus (Scleractinia). Journal of natural history, 8 (5): 563-575. - - Further information to be included into a more comprehensive coral fauna of St. Helena, in preparation.) St. Helena is known as the British base where the Corsican/French military dictator Napoleon had been exiled to. Before the opening of the Suez Canal the isalnd had some importance as a revictualling stop on the way to and from India. Pallas (1766), the author of Sclerhelia hirtella (first illustration by Ellis & Solander, 1786) presented the species as "very rarely received from the Indian Ocean". INDIAN OCEAN as the origin of the species has been reiterated several times until 185O. Only in 1857 Milne Edwards & Haime have been able to indicate St. Helena as the true origine of that species, on the basis of more precisely recorded material. In fact, at St. Helena the species is common and lives from a few meters depth to deeper water, thus accessible to anchor lines and fishing gear even in former times. No surprise that occasionally it found its way into natural history cabenets in Euriope. Back to S. spallanzanii and having in mind the coral story above: Kuhl may well have got his sabellid worms somewhere in western Europe on his way BACK from Java. Or perhaps from the hull of the ship that took him to Java??? See the following case: A sample of Hydroides elegans, the now worldwide fouling serpulid in tropical and warm-temperate waters (harbour communities and ship hulls, has well been brought back from the remote St. Paul and Amsterdam islands, southern Indian Ocean (halfway between South Africa and Australia): not from (unexisting) harbours there, but from the cooling water intake sieve of a French vessel fishing spiny lobsters around those islands. Some further comments or similar observations? ----------------------------------- Helmut ZIBROWIUS (Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille) Station Marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille / France TEL: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 2 4 FAX: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 3 5 E-MAIL: ----------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 4 07:47:17 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id HAA13995; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 07:47:17 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id SAA23922 for ; Sun, 3 Dec 1995 18:23:16 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id PAA18783; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 15:21:36 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512040221.PAA18783@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Re: Sabella spallanzanii from Java? To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Mon, 4 Dec 1995 15:21:34 +1300 (NZDT) In-Reply-To: <9295.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> from "Helmut Zibrowius" at Dec 1, 95 12:00:07 pm Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1538 Helmut Zibrowius writes:- [quotes from Phyllis Knight-Jones] ... > "Indonesia and _Sabellastarte_, he selected a jar of very large sabellids > labelled 'Kuhl, Java'. Examination proved this to be six specimens of > _Sabella spallanzanii_. [...] > Now this Indonesian material is identified, 165 years after it was > collected, we have reliable records of _Sabella spallanzanii_ from the > Mediterranean, NW France, Azores, Rio de Janeiro, Java and Australia...." [then comments] > I would be less confident in this record. Have come across many > errors concerning old material, and including the Challenger! But I am > confident in Jacob van der Land's detective and archeologist work: that > Kuhl was a medic who traveled to Java around 1820. ... I enjoyed Phyllis's latest detective story. As an outsider it does seem that reliable is perhaps too strong a word for the record (Do we have a volunteer to check it out in Jakarta?). Short of finding Kuhl's diary ("today during careenage at X collected strange growths") or supporting evidence from other Kuhl stuff in the museum we'll never know will we? What is the suggested scenario here anyway? That _S. spallanzanii_ was exported from Europe, or the reverse, or neither? Reminds me of the similarly uncertain _Ficopomatus enigmaticus_ situation, to which no doubt someone will apply the appropriate modern genetic tools eventually. Geoff -- Geoff Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 4 09:13:00 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id JAA20535; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 09:13:00 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id JAA20526; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 09:12:55 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id SAA14126; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 18:24:50 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512040524.SAA14126@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: The ANNELIDA archive (useful administrivia) To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Mon, 4 Dec 1995 18:24:49 +1300 (NZDT) Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1204 Hello Annelidans, If you need to review the messages posted since ANNELIDA began two weeks ago the WWW address is:- gopher://gopher.bio.net:70/11/ANNELIDA All messages are automatically placed there via Bionet's archiving system. Each month will be in a separate 'folder' (9511, 9512). When you click on the folder you see the list of subject headers and can open each message individually. Very neat! By the way, after posting a message to annelida@net.bio.net it takes awhile before it can be sent to everyone. Don't be surprised if there is a delay of an hour or so before you receive back your own copy (whereas you will get a very quick acknowledgement to unsubscribe/subscribe messages to biosci-server@net.bio.net). CHAETOZONE NINE polychaete newsletter was mailed on 1 December. Brant Mitchell, Robin Hensley, David Bone Torroja might like to get in touch if still listening out there as your copies 'bounced'. Anyone else interested can also make contact or look on the gopher sites, gopher.ucsc.edu, muse.bio.cornell.edu, in a few days time. Cheers, Geoff -- Geoff Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 4 15:34:11 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id PAA17605; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 15:34:11 -0800 Received: from acg60.wfunet.wfu.edu (schaetc9@acg60.wfunet.wfu.edu [152.17.1.31]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id PAA17600; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 15:34:08 -0800 Received: (from schaetc9@localhost) by acg60.wfunet.wfu.edu (8.6.10/8.6.10) id SAA16994; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 18:36:12 -0500 Date: Mon, 4 Dec 1995 18:36:12 -0500 (EST) From: "schaetc9@wfu.edu" X-Sender: schaetc9@acg60.wfunet.wfu.edu To: annelida@net.bio.net Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII unsubscribe annelida From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 4 18:19:23 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id SAA02248; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 18:19:23 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id SAA02230; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 18:19:17 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id PAA23746; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 15:17:41 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512050217.PAA23746@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Re: Sabella spallanzanii from Java? (fwd) To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 15:17:39 +1300 (NZDT) Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1126 ===================== Begin forwarded message ========================== Date: Mon, 04 Dec 1995 12:43:22 -0500 From: Kristian Fauchald To: gread@actrix.gen.nz Subject: Re: Sabella spallanzanii from Java? -Reply Several hundred years had passed between the "discoveries" of the various non-European countries and the time we started to become aware of the potential for transportation on ship-bottoms and so forth. There is something a bit peculiar about the whole debate about transportation: 1. Rafting on pieces of wood or on ship-bottoms is different in kind apparently from the rafting on pieces of continent. Time scale is different, but in principle rafting is rafting whether it is slow or fast. 2. The fact that the earliest description might be from Europe or North America does not guarantee that this is the "origin" of the taxon: All it says is that the taxon was first noticed where the density of taxonomists where the highest. Kristian Fauchald NHB MRC 163 Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560 USA Tel. (202)357-4757; FAX (202)357-3043 e-mail MNH.FAUCHALD@IC.SI.EDU From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 4 21:10:27 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id VAA14507; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 21:10:27 -0800 Received: from ix8.ix.netcom.com (ix8.ix.netcom.com [199.182.120.8]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id VAA14504; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 21:10:24 -0800 Received: from by ix8.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id VAA22189; Mon, 4 Dec 1995 21:08:23 -0800 Date: Mon, 4 Dec 1995 21:08:23 -0800 Message-Id: <199512050508.VAA22189@ix8.ix.netcom.com> From: jablake@ix.netcom.com (JAMES BLAKE ) Subject: Re, type localities and distributions of species To: annelida@net.bio.net Dear annelid enthusiasts, The recent exchange of information about Sabella spallanzanii opens an interesting area of discussion, namely that of the importance of type localities for species that have become widely distributed due to man's activities. The question might be raised as to what importance is the type locality, other than than the source of the original material, for a species that has been widely dispersed in ballast water, mud adhereing to seed oysters, or attached to a growth on a ship's hull? I suppose I could ask the question--Who cares about the type locality? Of what importance is such information? There are several examples where knowledge of the type locality has actually become misleading in understanding the origins of species or species groups. In San Francisco Bay, there are essentially no endemics; virtually all of the fauna has been introduced in some manner. There are quite a few examples of invertebrates that have species epithets of "californiensis" or "franciscanus" that were introduced into San Francisco Bay from some exotic locality. In some instances, the origin of such species is still not known. Jim Carlton has pointed out that the homeland of the isopod, Synidotea laticauda, originally described from SF Bay, is still unknown. In Tomales Bay, both of the spionids, Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) and P. paucibranchiata (Okuda) were introduced sometime in the late 1960's or early 1970's via seed spat of the Pacific Oyster imported from Japan. Seed oysters contain considerable mud packed between shells and when laid out on tidal flats there is nothing to prevent small worms and other invertebrates from staking out their own territories. I suspect that quite few of the nereids, syllids, and other polychaetes common in Tomales Bay and other estuarine environments of California have probably been introduced (and are still being introduced) into these waters. Any species (adults or larvae of same) that is euryhaline should have some chance of surviving in ballast water shipments as Jim Carlton has so convincingly demonstrated in his experiements. So, I ask the question as to what importance is the type locality in understanding a species, if it has been moved around from place to place and the actual area of the world where it originated is somewhere quite different? I recall a conversation I once had with a colleague who refused to accept an identification I had made because the type locality was somewhere far distant from where the specimens being identified were collected. When I asked the question as to what the type locality had to do with the distribution of a species, I was met with a very puzzled look. The answer was something like, "Why, that is where it is from." I think you see the point, namely that type localities are only the places where the animals were first collected, not necessarily where they are most common or where they originated. Does anyone out there have any comment on this issue or examples of species that have obviously been moved around by ships or other means? Jim Blake ENSR 89 Water Street Woods Hole, MA 02543 (jablake@ix.netcom.com) From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 5 00:49:56 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA25189; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 00:49:56 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id AAA25179; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 00:49:40 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id VAA28999; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 21:48:05 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512050848.VAA28999@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Errant earthworms (reply re Sabella etc) (fwd) To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 21:48:04 +1300 (NZDT) Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 2655 Help! I'm trapped in a forwarding loop! Intended for For better or worse I've changed the subject header. Please reply to Sam, or preferably continue this discussion on the Annelida list. -- GBR ===================== Begin forwarded message =========================== Sam James writes:- Date: Tue, 5 Dec 95 00:47:53 CST From: "Sam James" Subject: Re: Sabella spallanzanii from Java? (fwd) >Date: Mon, 04 Dec 1995 12:43:22 -0500 >From: Kristian Fauchald >To: gread@actrix.gen.nz >Subject: Re: Sabella spallanzanii from Java? -Reply > >Several hundred years had passed between the "discoveries" of the >various non-European countries and the time we started to become >aware of the potential for transportation on ship-bottoms and so forth. >There is something a bit peculiar about the whole debate about >transportation: 1. Rafting on pieces of wood or on ship-bottoms is >different in kind apparently from the rafting on pieces of continent. Time >scale is different, but in principle rafting is rafting whether it is slow or >fast. 2. The fact that the earliest description might be from Europe or >North America does not guarantee that this is the "origin" of the taxon: >All it says is that the taxon was first noticed where the density of >taxonomists where the highest. > >Kristian Fauchald Hear, Hear! The situation is paralleled by earthworms, which raft on continents and islands only (except for the very few euyhaline species), as far as is known . Some have achieved wide distributions cruising about _inside_ ships and airplanes. There are many cases where species were first described from material collected well outside the natural ranges of the species or their close relatives. For example: Drawida bahamensis, a native of India first found halfway around the world from its origin. The only situation of which I am aware that has caused any debate about natural ranges involves the Lumbricidae, a Holarctic but largely Palearctic family with a couple dozen species common to both continents. Now it is generally believed that these species owe their residence in North America to human activity. It helps that they are also quite common in south temperate and montane tropical areas. Are most polychaetes confined to fairly limited areas, with a few "naturally" widely distributed species? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sam James Dept. of Biology FM 1056 Maharishi Univ. of Management Fairfield, Iowa USA 52557 515-472-1146 fax:472-1167 Ecology and Systematics of Earthworms ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 5 06:37:13 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id GAA09897; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 06:37:13 -0800 Received: from ojflcoarv.cr.usgs.gov (ojflcoarv.cr.usgs.gov [136.177.19.89]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id GAA09888; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 06:37:10 -0800 From: smoulton@ojflcoarv.cr.usgs.gov Received: from smoulton.cr.usgs.gov (snap1 [136.177.19.199]) by ojflcoarv.cr.usgs.gov (EMAIL 1.2) with SMTP id OAA12500 for ; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 14:37:07 GMT Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 14:37:07 GMT Message-Id: <199512051437.OAA12500@ojflcoarv.cr.usgs.gov> X-Sender: smoulton@nwqlmail X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: annelida@net.bio.net unsubscribe annelida ********************************************* Dr. Stephen R. Moulton II Biologist United States Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory Biological Quality Assurance Unit 5293 Ward Road, MS 426 Arvada, CO 80002 office: (303) 467-8171 FAX: (303) 467-8240 internet: smoulton@ojflcoarv.cr.usgs.gov From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 5 10:03:05 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id KAA19562; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:03:05 -0800 Received: from hgins.uia.ac.be (hgins.uia.ac.be [143.169.5.2]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id KAA19558; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:02:58 -0800 Received: by hgins.uia.ac.be; (8.7.1/1.1.8.2/22Feb95-0943AM) id TAA08364; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 19:01:29 +0100 (MET) Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 19:01:29 +0100 (MET) From: "Rupert.DeWachter" X-Sender: dwachter@hgins.uia.ac.be To: annelida@net.bio.net Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII unsubscribe annelida From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 5 10:03:40 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id KAA19579; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:03:40 -0800 Received: from hgins.uia.ac.be (hgins.uia.ac.be [143.169.5.2]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id KAA19575; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:03:36 -0800 Received: by hgins.uia.ac.be; (8.7.1/1.1.8.2/22Feb95-0943AM) id TAA08933; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 19:02:02 +0100 (MET) Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 19:02:02 +0100 (MET) From: "Rupert.DeWachter" X-Sender: dwachter@hgins.uia.ac.be To: annelida@net.bio.net Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII unsubscribe annelida From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 5 10:37:04 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id BAA27420; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 01:59:50 -0800 Received: from ceab.es (dani@[158.109.37.2]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id BAA27412; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 01:59:32 -0800 Received: (from dani@localhost) by ceab.es (8.6.9/8.6.9) id KAA00673; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:59:03 GMT Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:59:03 +0000 From: Dani Martinez Sender: Dani Martinez Reply-To: Dani Martinez Subject: Type localities and dispersion of species To: annelida@net.bio.net Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Dear Anelidans, Talking about the importance of type localities, Jim Blake writes:- > Does anyone out there have any comment on this issue or examples of > species that have obviously been moved around by ships or other means? =09Concerning type localities, I had the opportunity to describe a=20 new capitellid genus from a brackish, shallow-water, enclosed Bay of the=20 Ebro'=D5s Delta in the Iberian peninsula which I named" =D2Pseudomass tu deltaicus"=D3. It was very abundant there (about 2000 individuals per squar= e=20 meter). As Mediterranean waters have been (and are being) largely=20 explored, I thought the species was endemic. I mentioned this possibility= =20 in the original description, and it was the main reason when I decided=20 this =D2restrictive=D3 name. A few years latter I was really surprised when= =20 some colleagues start to mention this species from areas different (and=20 far) of the type locality. Moreover, most of these citations were from=20 open bays (although the influence of continental waters were always=20 present).=20 =09I do not know whether this could be a case of recent migration,=20 previous misleading identifications, hazard of looking now at the right=20 zones, or whatever. The main point is that the name of the species,=20 directly linked to the type locality, may induce to erroneous=20 identifications if people do not expect to find a "=D2deltaic""s=D3 species= out=20 of a delta. =09Concerning the second point quoted from Jim Blakes, we havehere, in the North Western Mediterranean, a clear example of a species=20 which main mean of transport (and, thus, invasion) are the small boats=20 (particularly, their anchors). This is not a worm nor an animal. Is the=20 tropical alga Caluerpa taxifolia. The origin of the presence of this=20 algae, toxic for most Mediterranean herbivores, has been attributed to an= =20 escape from an aquarium near the French coasts. Now, the species is=20 quickly increasing its area of distribution. Some Italian and Spanish=20 coasts are affected, together with French coasts, and its expansion can=20 not be controlled by herbivores. In fact, there are no effective grazers=20 of this algae here. It grows quickly, and grows over the typical=20 Mediterranean communities. Particularly negative are their effects on the= =20 Posidonia oceanica meadows. This endemic species, probably supporting one= =20 of the most diverse Mediterranean communities, is now being substituted=20 by virtually monospecific beds at the areas =D2colonised=D3 by C. taxifolia= =20 (no plants nor animals coexist with this species). As C. taxifolia mainly= =20 occurs in shallow waters, including small sportive harbours, and no=20 sexual reproduction has been reported till now, small boats carrying=20 fragments are the main mechanism of dispersion. And it appears to be very= =20 effective. =09Although this last comment does not concern directly to annelids,=20 worms are virtually absent of the bottoms covered by Caulerpa taxifolia=20 beds. Thus, most of the "=D2future generations of north western=20 Mediterranean polychaetologits"=D3 would, why not, becom e =D2future=20 generations of north western Mediterranean specialist on C. taxifolia"=D3. Daniel Martin Centre d'=D5Estudis Avacnats de Blanes (C.S.I.C.) Cami de Santa Barbara s/n, 17300-Blanes (Girona), Catalonia (Spain) Dani@ceab.es From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 5 14:28:42 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id OAA04374; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 14:28:42 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id OAA04371; Tue, 5 Dec 1995 14:28:37 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id LAA13431; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 11:27:06 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512052227.LAA13431@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: ANNELIDA Admin - misdirected unsubscribes To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Wed, 6 Dec 1995 11:27:03 +1300 (NZDT) Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1637 Folks, I'd prefer to talk about annelids but:- There seems to have been a bit of follow-the-leader in the 'unsubscribes' sent to the ANNELIDA list members rather than the server address. This is of course ineffectual and a solecism in the eyes of other subscribers. Hence I'm posting a reminder of how to do it. It should hardly be necessary in a list that has only been going less than a month. Please DO read and save the instructions for any list you subscribe to. Many people ignore messages without subject headers, unfortunately some of us don't have that luxury. If you wish to unsubscribe send the following line in the body of an e-mail to the *server* address unsubscribe annelida For the rest of us -- Send your replies and contributions to the *list* address . Please check the headers before you send to be sure your message is going where you want it to. The default for ANNELIDA is for replies to go to the originator of the message. You must change the 'to:' line if you intend to make your message public. By the way the distribution of public messages is exceedingly slow at the moment. I read Jim Blake's message on the gopher archive hours before I received it in the mail. I'll check with Bionet whether this can be improved, or is a "feature" of their server. Meantime a quick look at the gopher will tell you whether your message is being processed and what else is on its way. Thanks for listening thus far, Geoff -- Geoff "discussion leader" Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 6 00:24:17 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA12607; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 00:24:17 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id AAA12599; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 00:24:09 -0800 From: gbellan@com.univ-mrs.fr Message-Id: <199512060824.AAA12599@net.bio.net> Received: from [139.124.16.43] (smemac13.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA175978152; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 09:22:32 +0100 X-Mailer: EudoraF1.3.1 Date: Wed, 6 Dec 1995 09:27:32 +0100 To: annelida@net.bio.net X-Sender: gbellan@sme.univ-mrs.fr Subject: Dani Martinez message Dear Annelidians Don't desesperate Dani Martinez send us a message (more or less a reply to Jim Blake -Salut Jim!) I read in this message: This endemic species (Posidonia oceanica), probably supporting one= >=20 >of the most diverse Mediterranean communities, is now being substituted=20 >by virtually monospecific beds at the areas =D2colonised=D3 by C. taxifolia= >=20 >(no plants nor animals coexist with this species). In fact, I can said there is lot of Polychaetes species (and other Invertebrates and fishes, and Algae) among Caulerpa taxifolia, even if diversity and abundance have generally decreased More details? send an e-mail to gbellan@com.univ-mrs.fr or bellan@com.univ-mrs.fr a small sample of litterature (in French or English): 1993) BELLAN-SANTINI, D., ARNAUD, P., BELLAN, G. & VERLAQUE M.- Résultats préliminaires sur la faune d'invertébrés du peuplement à Caulerpa taxifolia des côtes de Provence (Méditerranée nord-occidentale). International Workshop on Caulerpa taxifolia, GIS Posidonie publ., France . 1994 D. BELLAN-SANTINI, P.M. ARNAUD & G. BELLAN. Affinités entre peuplements benthiques méditerranéens avec et sans Caulerpa taxifolia. 2nd. International Workshop on Caulerpa taxifolia, Barcelone, 15-18 décembre 1994, GIS Posidonie publ., France (under press) 1994) D. BELLAN-SANTINI, ARNAUD, P., BELLAN, G. & VERLAQUE M.- The influence of introduced alga Caulerpa taxifolia, on the specific diversity of the marine biota. Marine biodiversity: causes and consequences, York, 30 august- 2 september 1994. 1995 BELLAN-SANTINI, D., ARNAUD, P., BELLAN, G. & VERLAQUE M. - The influence of the introduced alga Caulerpa taxifolia on the marine biota. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. , .Plymouth, (under press) Much more has been published by many Mediterranean colleagues (mostly italian, spanish and french) about Invertabrates, fishes and algae Dr. G. BELLAN Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille (U.A. CNRS 41) Station marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions . 13007 Marseille Tel. 91 04 16 12 . Fax. 91 04 16 35 . E-mail. gbellan@com.univ-mrs.fr . From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 6 04:51:24 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id EAA23107; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 04:51:24 -0800 Received: from uctmail2.uct.ac.za (uctmail2.uct.ac.za [137.158.128.56]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id EAA23096; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 04:51:15 -0800 Received: by uctmail2.uct.ac.za (Smail3.1.29.1 #14) id m0tNJHg-0005BrC; Wed, 6 Dec 95 14:49 SAT Message-Id: Received: by uctmail2.uct.ac.za (Mort 2.0a) id 422 from CHEMPATH; Wed Dec 6 14:49:16 1995 From: "Eric H.Harley" To: annelida@net.bio.net Date: Wed, 6 Dec 1995 14:48:35 UTC-2 Subject: X-Confirm-Reading-To: "Eric H.Harley" X-pmrqc: 1 Priority: normal X-mailer: Pegasus Mail v3.22 unsubscribe annelida Eric H.Harley Ph.D.,M.D. Dept. of Chemical Pathology University of Cape Town Tel :(021) 406 6222 Observatory, 7925 Fax :(021) 406 6153 South Africa E-Mail : HARLEY@CHEMPATH.UCT.AC.ZA From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 6 14:35:12 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id OAA03738; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 14:35:12 -0800 Received: from CLEMSON.CLEMSON.EDU (clemson.clemson.edu [130.127.28.10]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id OAA03728; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 14:35:02 -0800 Message-Id: <199512062235.OAA03728@net.bio.net> Received: from CLEMSON.BITNET by CLEMSON.CLEMSON.EDU (IBM MVS SMTP V3R1) with BSMTP id 9049; Wed, 06 Dec 95 17:34:07 EST Date: Wed, 06 Dec 95 17:33 EST To: annelida@NET.BIO.NET From: ROLFP@CLEMSON.EDU Subject: PREDATORS OF EARTHWORMS I am searching for a list of all Families of macroinvertebrates and or amphibians that feed on earthworms. Does anyone know of such a list? Also, I have found this this annelida email list useful and plan to continue as a subscriber, but wonder whether there exists a list for people of the platyhelminthes persuasion. From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 6 19:41:59 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id TAA21966; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 19:41:59 -0800 Received: from NS1.Nantucket.net (NS1.Nantucket.net [204.249.164.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id TAA21963; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 19:41:56 -0800 Received: from ppp17.Nantucket.net by NS1.Nantucket.net with SMTP (1.38.193.4/16.2) id AA06081; Wed, 6 Dec 1995 22:36:15 -0500 X-Sender: fdutra@mail.nantucket.net (Unverified) Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Wed, 6 Dec 1995 22:42:24 +0000 To: annelida@net.bio.net From: fdutra@Nantucket.Net (Frank Dutra) Subject: Polydora problems Hello all, Any information on Polydora sps. (websteri- <1mm?) would be greatly appreciated. Cultivated scallops (argopecten irradians) have been infected resulting in some minor mortality and depressed growth.The larger problem is a lowering of market appeal for infected animals due to unsightly conchillion deposits. Infection appears to be of a temporal nature, presumably during the larval stage. Scallops deployed to the field during August are free of infection, while those deployed earlier are roughly 50 %.I would like to avoid or minimize this problem next year if possible, and would gladly collaborate (implementation and data collection) with any experimental procedures suggested. Another type of infection being reported by processors is a spore like body (1mm) found in the adductor muscle of commercially harvested scallops. Infected animals appear in distinct locals independent of substrate or flow regimes. I vaguely remember some work being done at U-Conn a few years back as to the identity, vectors, and intermediate hosts of this organism. Any info or thoughts on the above will be greatly appreciated,..living on an island has it's drawbacks when trying to access the literature. Thanks, and keep up the good work! Frank Dutra Nantucket Harborlife (formerly Nantucket Research and Education Foundation) 0 Easton Street Nantucket, MA 02554 Lab: (508) 325-7075 Office: (508) 228-5569 FAX (508) 228-2649 fdutra@nantucket.net Frank Dutra Nantucket Harborlife (formerly Nantucket Research and Education Foundation) 0 Easton Street Nantucket, MA 02554 Lab: (508) 325-7075 Office: (508) 228-5569 FAX (508) 228-2649 fdutra@nantucket.net From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 7 00:15:34 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA13045; Thu, 7 Dec 1995 00:15:34 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id AAA13019; Thu, 7 Dec 1995 00:15:22 -0800 Received: from [139.124.16.21] (smepc11.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA228613994; Thu, 7 Dec 1995 09:13:14 +0100 From: "Helmut Zibrowius" Date: Thu, 7 Dec 95 09:10:25 MST Message-Id: <3928.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Reply-To: X-Popmail-Charset: IBM 8-Bit To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: Martinez' endemic On Tue, 5 Dec 1995 10:59:03 +0000, Dani Martinez wrote: >I had the opportunity to describe a >new capitellid genus from a brackish, shallow-water, enclosed Bay of the >Ebro's Delta in the Iberian peninsula which I named "Pseudomastus >deltaicus". It was very abundant there (about 2000 individuals per square >meter). REPLY: new species continue to be currently described from the Mediterranean. Take the example of the 12th brachiopod species - thus even in a group that generally catches attention and that is not speciose in the Mediterranean: Logan A., Zibrowius H., 1994. A new genus and species of rhynchonellid (Brachiopoda, Recent) from submarine caves in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine ecology [P.S.Z.N.I], 15 (1): 77-88. Or take the case of a new benthic ctenophore (also a group less speciose than Polychaeta): Carre C., Carre D., 1993. Ctenella aurantia, genre et espece nouveaux de ctenophore tentacul‚ (Ctenellidae fam. nov.) mediterraneen, sans colloblastes et avec ventouses labiales. Can. J. Zool. 71 (9): 1804-1810. >As Mediterranean waters have been (and are being) largely explored, >I thought the species was endemic. REPLY: That's a rather naive view. For some groups the Mediterranean may indeed be better explored than other areas, but that does not garantee that any new species therein is an endemic. See the above cited cases: the authors were cautious enough to not appoint those species endemics. Given Martinez' strong believe that (nearly) everything is well known in the Mediterranean, it would even be more logical to see in each newly discovered form a recent immigrant from elsewhere... There are indeed many aliens of various origins successful in the Mediterranean. See the following compilation: Zibrowius H., 1992. Ongoing modification of the Mediterranean fauna and flora by the establishment of exotic species. Mesogee [Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille], 51, 1991: 83-107. >do not know whether this could be a case of recent migration, >previous misleading identifications, hazard of looking now at the right >zones, or whatever. REPLY: Recent migration is another explanation often proposed without detailed arguments. But the personal hazard of looking at special biota and areas and the ability of being interested in some type of organism may generally be a more likely explanation of the discovery. >The main point is that the name of the species, directly linked to the type >locality, may induce to erroneous identifications if people do not expect >to find a "deltaic" species out of a delta. REPLY: No, that's really NOT the main point. A name once given with reference to the first collecting site can evidently not cover all situations to be discovered lateron. All somewhat experienced taxonomists, biogeographers, etc. should be aware of that. Nevertheless, names totally incorrect with reference to the origin should preferably have been avoided: such as Posidonia oceanica (that seagrass appears to be a true endemic of the Mediterranean - never duely reported from the - Atlantic - Ocean). ----------------------------------- Helmut ZIBROWIUS (Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille) Station Marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille / France TEL: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 2 4 FAX: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 3 5 E-MAIL: ----------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 7 08:32:59 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id IAA16629; Thu, 7 Dec 1995 08:32:59 -0800 Received: from ceab.es (dani@[158.109.37.2]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id IAA16620; Thu, 7 Dec 1995 08:32:47 -0800 Received: (from dani@localhost) by ceab.es (8.6.9/8.6.9) id RAA04252; Thu, 7 Dec 1995 17:33:54 GMT Date: Thu, 7 Dec 1995 17:33:53 +0000 From: Dani Martinez Subject: Mediterranean diversity To: annelida@net.bio.net Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Dear colleagues, I am happy with the responses to my message. It was not intending to be catastrophic. I was only a little bit worried about the richness of the Mediterranean sea. Now, it seems that we are not in front of a drastic reduction, but we are the observers (and, some, also describers) of a change. Second point. Concerning my coments on the new genus I described. I realised some of my points of view were a litle bit naive. I was only trying to provide some reflexions to the discussion generated around type localities. Third point. I do not now why, by there is a litle confussion concernig my name. It is not "Dani Martinez", but Dani Martin. Thank you very much. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Daniel Martin. C.E.A.B. (C.S.I.C) Cami de Santa Barbara s/n, 17300-Blanes (Girona), Catalonia (Spain) Dani@ceab.es ------------------------------------------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Fri Dec 8 01:48:11 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id BAA15351; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 01:48:11 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id BAA15333; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 01:48:04 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id WAA21890; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 22:46:32 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512080946.WAA21890@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Re: Re, type localities and distributions of species To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 22:46:29 +1300 (NZDT) In-Reply-To: <199512050508.VAA22189@ix8.ix.netcom.com> from "JAMES BLAKE" at Dec 4, 95 09:08:23 pm Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1927 James Blake once wrote: >So, I ask the question as to what importance is the type locality in >understanding a species, if it has been moved around from place to >place and the actual area of the world where it originated is somewhere >quite different? Maybe Jim was trolling for bites but here goes ... Type locality has no importance in understanding the biogeography of a taxon as long as it is definitely a single species. But if I see a new record of 'cosmopolitan' _Paraprionospio pinnata_ outside type locality Chile I'm going to take some convincing it's genuine. Also, to state the obvious, in the absence of the original specimens, someone goes back to the type locality (and hopes they don't find more than one member of the genus, and that the site is not now 'infilled' dry land). >I recall a conversation I once had with a colleague who refused to >accept an identification I had made because the type locality was >somewhere far distant from where the specimens being identified were >collected. ... When an expert has done the id there is usually no problem but most polychaete ids aren't made by experts. In addition to the basic nomenclatural role, type localities should have cautionary influence when making routine identifications because the overwhelming majority of polychaete species have limited distributions. For instance in New Zealand we don't especially need any *more* erroneous records of vaguely similar species from far-flung countries. >I think you see the point, namely that type localities are only the >places where the animals were first collected, not necessarily where >they are most common or where they originated. Yes. Or hopefully first collected. Sometimes they have been named elsewhere too, especially the wandering ones ;-) Geoff -- Geoff Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Fri Dec 8 08:17:36 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id IAA19251; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 08:17:36 -0800 Received: from ix12.ix.netcom.com (ix12.ix.netcom.com [199.182.120.12]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id IAA19247; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 08:17:35 -0800 Received: from by ix12.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id IAA21449; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 08:17:19 -0800 Date: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 08:17:19 -0800 Message-Id: <199512081617.IAA21449@ix12.ix.netcom.com> From: jablake@ix.netcom.com (JAMES BLAKE ) Subject: RE, Paraprionospio pinnata To: annelida@net.bio.net Dear annelid workers, Geof Read just wrote, >Type locality has no importance in understanding the biogeography of a >taxon as long as it is definitely a single species. But if I see a new >record of 'cosmopolitan' _Paraprionospio pinnata_ outside type >locality Chile I'm going to take some convincing it's genuine. Also, >to state the obvious, in the absence of the original specimens, >someone goes back to the type locality (and hopes they don't find more >than one member of the genus, and that the site is not now 'infilled' >dry land). I did a fairly complete review of North American Paraprionospio as part of the Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin ..., Vol. 6, the spionid chapter. My conclusion is that the species is present in both North and South America, but most certainly does not occur in the western Pacific. I also think it is probably the only species in the Americas. I have not seen specimens from the eastern Atlantic, so cannot comment on any records from there. P. pinnata has several unique features that make its identification is relatively easy. This will be reviewed in my chapter. Vol. 6 is scheduled for publication in February. More later on vol. 5, out this month. Jim Blake Woods Hole, MA (jablake@ix.netcom.com) From BIOSCI-REQUEST Fri Dec 8 14:40:02 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id OAA26313; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 14:40:02 -0800 Received: from ix2.ix.netcom.com (ix2.ix.netcom.com [199.182.120.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id OAA26309; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 14:40:00 -0800 Received: from by ix2.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id OAA15970; Fri, 8 Dec 1995 14:38:30 -0800 Date: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 14:38:30 -0800 Message-Id: <199512082238.OAA15970@ix2.ix.netcom.com> From: jablake@ix.netcom.com (JAMES BLAKE ) Subject: Re, Taxonomic Atlas Vol. 5 To: annelida@net.bio.net Dear Annelid workers, On behald of the editors and contributing authors, I pleased to announce the publication of Volume 5 of the "Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel." Of this 14-volume series, the annelids comprise volumes 5-7. ********************************************* Blake, J.A., B. Hilbig and P.H. Scott (editors). 1995. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 5--The Annelida Part 2. Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Syllidae and Scale-Bearing Families), Amphinomida, and Eunicida. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.viii + 378 pp. + Appendices A-B. Color cover illustration. (Date of Publication: 5 December 1995). Contents: Chapter 1. Family Syllidae Grube, 1850 (by Jerry D. Kudenov and Leslie H. Harris): 1-97. Chapter 2. Family Aphroditidae Malmgren, 1867 (by James A. Blake): 99-104. Chapter 3. Family Polynoidae Malmgren, 1867 (by R. Eugene Ruff): 105-166. Chapter 4. Family Acoetidae Kinberg, 1865 (by James A. Blake): 167-174. Chapter 5. Family Pholoidae Kinberg, 1858 (by James A. Blake): 175-188). Chapter 6. Family Sigalionidae Kingberg, 1856 (by James A. Blake): 189-206. Chapter 7. Family Amhinomidae Lamarck, 1818 (by Jerry D. Kudenov): 207-215. Chapter 8. Family Euphrosinidae Williams, 1851 (by Jerry D. Kudenov): 217-228. Chapter 9. Family Onuphidae Kinberg, 1865 (by Brigitte Hilbig): 229-262. Chapter 10. Family Eunicidae Savigny, 1818 (by Brigitte Hilbig): 263-278. Chapter 11. Family Lumbrineridae Malmgren, 1867, emended Orensanz, 1990 (by Brigitte Hilbig): 279-313. Chapter 12. Family Oenonidae Kinberg, 1865, emended Orensanz, 1990 (by Brigitte Hilbig): 315-339. Chapter 13. Family Dorvilleidae Chamberlin, 1919 (by Brigitte Hilbig): 341-364. Appendix A. List of Abbreviations on Figures: 365-366. Appendix B. Lists and Maps of Stations:367-372. Index: 373-378. This volume represents the second of four planned volumes on the marine annelids of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 5 concludes treatment of the so-called "errant" polychaete families. A total of 115 species in 57 genera and 13 families are described. Chapters are included on the Syllidae, five scale-bearing families, Amphinomidae, Euphrosinidae, and five euniciform families. Eighteen species are new to science as follows: Syllidae (12), Polynoidae (1), Pholoidae (1), Onuphidae (1), Lumbrineridae (1) Oenonidae (1), and Dorvilleidae (1). The chapter on the Syllidae represents a major revision of some eastern Pacific genera and species of the subfamilies Exogoninae, Eusyllinae, and Syllinae. All 34 species treated are described and illustrated. The 22 species in the chapter on Polynoidae include several poorly known species, illustrated in detail for the first time. One new genus and species is described. For the Aphroditidae, only juveniles were available in the MMS collections precluding any extensive review of the California fauna. Sigalionidae and Acoetidae include previously known species, with updated descriptions and keys. The common amphinomid, Chloeia pinnata was found to have unusual bifurcate notosetae in posterior segments. In the Euphrosinidae, two species were identified and described. In the Oenonidae, Arabella pectinata and A. protomutans are newly reported for California. Keys are provided to all species treated in this volume. This volume may be ordered from the Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California USA 93105-2936. Price: $34.00 plus $4.00 shipping, U.S. or $7.00 overseas. All payment must be in U.S. dollars. Contact Dr. Paul H. Scott (SBMNH) for information about this and other volumes in the series (inverts@sbmnh.rain.org). +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ James A. Blake ENSR, 89 Water Street Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 (jablake@ix.netcom.com) From BIOSCI-REQUEST Sun Dec 10 16:19:21 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id QAA03256; Sun, 10 Dec 1995 16:19:21 -0800 Received: from vale.adm.ku.dk (vale.adm.ku.dk [130.225.127.35]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id QAA03249; Sun, 10 Dec 1995 16:19:15 -0800 Received: from host.domain (garm.adm.ku.dk [130.225.127.34]) by vale.adm.ku.dk (8.7.3/8.7) with SMTP id BAA16764 for annelida@net.bio.net; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 01:15:24 +0100 (MET) Received: from AKI.KU.DK (aki.ku.dk [130.225.206.2]) by garm.adm.ku.dk (8.7.3/8.7.2) with SMTP id BAA01100 for ; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 01:17:02 +0100 (MET) Received: by AKI.KU.DK with Microsoft Mail id <30CB8686@AKI.KU.DK>; Mon, 11 Dec 95 01:16:54 DST From: "Petersen, Mary E. {ZMUC}" To: ANNELIDA Subject: RE: Mediterranean diversity & parasites Date: Mon, 11 Dec 95 01:15:00 DST Message-ID: <30CB8686@AKI.KU.DK> Encoding: 73 TEXT X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail V3.0 Hello, Annelidaners! There is no doubt that even though the Mediterranean is well investigated, its biodiversity is greater than presently indicated, with or without introduced _Caulerpa taxifolia_. We can therefore expect a large number of new and newly reported taxa as the different groups are critically reviewed and revised. One of the reasons for this is that modern criteria often reveal that what earlier was considered INTRAspecific variation is actually INTERspecific such. Moreover, many older species descriptions in reality only describe the genera, without sufficient information to permit accurate species recognition. I have found this often in, e.g., _Pholoe_, cirratulids and chaetopterids, many of which are very broadly defined. Most of the Mediterranean species I have seen are either undescribed or newly reported, yet many of them are hiding under well known names which may belong to species not even present in the area. Within a restricted area it is usually not a problem to recognize the individual species present. The difficulties arise when local species must be differentiated from similar ones from distant areas. This brings in the problem of endemic and introduced species. Having seen some Mediterranean cirratulid species that were uncomfortably close to ones in other parts of the world, e.g., California, and not knowing if they were the same or introduced one place or the other, I came to think of a paper presented at the 1989 Long Beach polychaete conference by Thomas G. Douglas and Ira Jones (1991. Parasites of California spionid polychaetes. -- Bull. Mar. Sci. 48 (2): 308-317). These authors point out that one of the ways one can recognize recently introduced species is that they usually LACK their normal assortment of endoparasites, thus the spionid _Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata_ had none, suggesting a recent introduction to the coast of southern California. Among the endoparasites present, at least for the gregarines the authors suggested that there might be some species specificity and that it might be possible to identify the polychaete species from its parasites. This approach to distinguishing between native and introduced species would seem to have an advantage over more traditional electrophoretic techniques in that it not only would show a difference (with and without endoparasites) but also would make clear which population was more likely to be the original one. The difficulty is that it requires specialist knowledge that most of us lack and would have to acquire. Are there other recent studies on the use of endoparasites for differentiating native and introduced populations of a species? How much do such endoparasites (e.g., gregarines, coccidia, microsporidia, mesozoans, bacteria) influence differences obtained by electrophoretic comparisons of different populations? I have not used these techniques, so my apologies for unenlightened questions, but I could imagine that the presence or absence of certain bands might be due to the presence or absence of certain parasites and not because of differences in the polychaetes. Has anyone done anything with this? Are there standard techniques for cleaning very small specimens before use to minimize or eliminate such possible errors? With greetings from Copenhagen, Mary ------- Mary E. Petersen Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark Tel +45-35 32 10 67 Fax +45-35 32 10 10 E-mail: mepetersen@zmuc.ku.dk ----------------------------- Problems with Mediterranean (or other) cirratulids, ctenodrilids or chaetopterids? Contact me at above E-mail for more information. Mary. >oooooooo)):> ---------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 11 02:13:18 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id CAA22935; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 02:13:18 -0800 Received: from mailserver.nhm.ac.uk (mailserver.nhm.ac.uk [157.140.2.2]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id CAA22928; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 02:13:05 -0800 Received: from [157.140.4.7] (gljp [157.140.4.7]) by mailserver.nhm.ac.uk (8.7.1/8.7.1) with SMTP id KAA08698 for ; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 10:10:19 GMT X-POPmail-Charset: British Date: Mon, 11 Dec 95 11:06:11 GMT From: (Gordon Paterson) Message-Id: <39971.gljp@nhm.ac.uk> To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: Type nomeclature and rules I have read Jim Blake's correspondance about types and localities with interest. It highlights an important change in our perception about species distributions. One of the orginal reason for a type locality was that anyone could then go back to that locality and collect samples of the species. It fixed the locality in space. However, in marine systems species tend to be widespread and variable in occurrence in time and space so the type locality has less relevance. So how should we view the idea of a type locality, which under the ICZN rules of nomenclature, is considered to be a necessary/ highly desirable part of the information about a species? Personally, I view it as a locality where a group of specimens of the species were originally collected, to be considered in the context of the overall distribution of the species. A further point about type localities is that if you nominate syntypes, instead of a holotype, from a across the biogeographic range it gets away from the problems of fixating on a type locality. Finally, the Commission is about to produce a new edition of the rules of nomenclature and would like to hear from anyone who has views on the current rules. There is a draft available for comment (they would be grateful for contributions of 3 pounds sterling or 5 US dollars to cover postage costs, etc.). The contact is :Dr Philip Tubbs Executive Secretary International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature The Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD e-mail: pkt@nhm.ac.uk The consultation process will last until May 1996 with the new rules taking effect in 1997. Gordon L J Paterson Dept. of Zoology tel: +44 (0)171 938 9414; Fax:+44 (0)171 938 9158 (drop the zero outside the UK) E-mail: gljp@nhm.ac.uk From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 11 05:37:54 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id FAA08383; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 05:37:54 -0800 Received: from oznet02.ozemail.com.au (root@oznet02.ozemail.com.au [203.2.192.124]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id FAA08378; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 05:37:50 -0800 Received: from [203.7.185.43] (sladl1p27.ozemail.com.au [203.7.185.43]) by oznet02.ozemail.com.au (8.7.1/8.6.12) with SMTP id AAA11783 for ; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 00:36:12 +1100 (EST) Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 00:36:12 +1100 (EST) X-Sender: apdl@ozemail.com.au (Unverified) Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: annelida@net.bio.net From: apdl@ozemail.com.au (Andrew Lord) Subject: Marine worms feed Dear annelid-o-philes, I have recently joined Annelida and received information with my subscription that the main raison d'etre for the group is discussion of "research on the culture of annelids, but operation of commercial and home worm-farms will not be a discussion topic". I am interested in the culture of marine finfish and in the possibility of using cultured marine worms as a feed during the very early (late larval) stages of fish growth. Specifically, I am looking to find if anybody has: 1) cultured marine worms, and if so can they direct me to practical help with this (people / publications)? 2) used cultured worms as an early feed for finfish? 3) any data on the total fat content and percentage content constituted by polyunsaturated fatty acids (etc), in marine worms? 4) information on any newsgroup that addresses questions on the commercial culture of marine worms? I would very much appreciate any feedback on these questions, Thankyou in advance, Andrew Lord ___________________________________________________________ Dr Andrew P.D. Lord PO Box 142 Belair, SA, 5052 AUSTRALIA e-mail: apdl@ozemail.com.au ___________________________________________________________ From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 11 05:58:23 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id FAA11283; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 05:58:23 -0800 Received: from onyx.si.edu (ONYX.SI.EDU [160.111.64.54]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id FAA11268; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 05:58:19 -0800 Received: from [160.111.86.122] ([160.111.86.122]) by onyx.si.edu (8.6.9/8.6.9 (Smithsonian Institution) with SMTP id IAA26347 for ; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 08:56:43 -0500 Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Mon, 11 Dec 1995 08:56:46 -0400 To: annelida@net.bio.net From: norenbur@onyx.si.edu (Jon Norenburg) Subject: Re: Type nomeclature and rules >Finally, the Commission is about to produce a new edition of the >rules of nomenclature and would like to hear from anyone who has views on >the current rules. There is a draft available for comment (they would be >grateful for contributions of 3 pounds sterling or 5 US dollars to cover >postage costs, etc.). >The contact is :Dr Philip Tubbs >Executive Secretary >International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature >The Natural History Museum >London SW7 5BD >e-mail: pkt@nhm.ac.uk >The consultation process will last until May 1996 with the new rules taking >effect in 1997. In the U.S.A. send $5 to: Dr. Alan Norrbom, Treasurer American Association for Zoological Nomenclature c/o MRC 168 National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560 -- Jon L. Norenburg Department of Invertebrate Zoology-MRC 163 National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 20560 From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 11 07:53:40 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id HAA23978; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 07:53:40 -0800 Received: from vale.adm.ku.dk (vale.adm.ku.dk [130.225.127.35]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id HAA23935; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 07:53:11 -0800 Received: from host.domain (garm.adm.ku.dk [130.225.127.34]) by vale.adm.ku.dk (8.7.3/8.7) with SMTP id QAA21850 for annelida@net.bio.net; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 16:49:26 +0100 (MET) Received: from AKI.KU.DK (aki.ku.dk [130.225.206.2]) by garm.adm.ku.dk (8.7.3/8.7.2) with SMTP id QAA11919 for ; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 16:51:05 +0100 (MET) Received: by AKI.KU.DK with Microsoft Mail id <30CC6171@AKI.KU.DK>; Mon, 11 Dec 95 16:50:57 DST From: "Petersen, Mary E. {ZMUC}" To: ANNELIDA Subject: ICZN-4 also available online Date: Mon, 11 Dec 95 16:50:00 DST Message-ID: <30CC6171@AKI.KU.DK> Encoding: 199 TEXT X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail V3.0 Gordon Paterson and Jon Norenberg have just indicated that printed copies of the draft of the new International Code of Zoological Nomenclature are available for a small fee from the UK and USA. As many of you already know, this information is also available for free online, where ASCII or PostScript copies of the code can be downloaded from the following sites as follows: -------------- Begin forwarded message 1 -------------------- Return-Path: Date: Thu, 15 Jun 1995 08:03:58 -0700 From: "L-Soft list server at UCBCMSA (1.8b)" Subject: WELCOME to ICZN-4 To: "Mary E. Petersen" Reply-To: ICZN-4-Request@CMSA.BERKELEY.EDU X-LSV-ListID: ICZN-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ICZN-4 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 4th Edition DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION WELCOME! This discussion list is dedicated exclusively to the ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion. The Draft Code and Explanatory Notes can be obtained via ftp, www, or gopher from the Cornell MUSE Project Systematics and Biodiversity server (see below for the specific node addresses of these services). WHERE ARE THE DRAFT CODE AND EXPLANATORY NOTES? The Draft Code itself is available in three formats: 1) plain ASCII text, 2) Postscript (very large file!), and 3) Postscript in a PKZIP file (significantly smaller than the raw Postscript version; you need PKUNZIP to decompress it). MAKE SURE to retrieve the Explanatory Notes also; they contain important information from the Commission about the Draft Code. The Notes file is plain ASCII text (called ICZNREAD.ME in the ftp version). You can obtain the Explanatory Notes and any of the Draft Code formats using ftp, www, or gopher. Shown below are the Internet node address (for ftp and gopher), the URL for the www, and the menu choices. The Postscript format is only useful for printing or viewing on a system that supports Postscript. Acknowledgements: The ICZN Editorial Committee agreed to make these online documents available for comment. F. Christian Thompson, USDA, Editorial Committee member, provided the ASCII text and Postscript versions. Jim Beach, UCB/MIP, and Julian Humphries, Cornell, made available the MUSE Project ftp/www/gopher Systematics, Biological Collections and Biodiversity server, where these files are posted. See below for the BIOSIS server. Let me know if you find a problem, e.g., corrupted or missing file, with any of the files. If you have access to ftp, www, or gopher, but need help to use them, please refer first to your local computer support person. Peter Rauch peterr@violet.berkeley.edu ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Using ftp, go to muse.bio.cornell.edu, login as anonymous, and change directory (cd) to pub/standards/iczn-4 where the dir command will show the following files: -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 nobody 3439878 Jun 9 15:07 ICZN4PS.ps -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 nobody 253171 Jun 9 15:08 ICZN4TXT.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 nobody 865741 Jun 9 15:09 ICZN4ZIP.zip -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 nobody 14982 Jun 9 15:12 ICZNREAD.ME Before GETting the ICZN4ZIP.zip, make sure to "set binary" transfer mode. The other files are in plain ASCII "text" mode. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Using a www client, go to URL http://muse.bio.cornell.edu/ and follow the menu choices: o Standards Organizations: Data Models and Reports (DIR) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to arrive at: INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE (FILE) ICZN 4th Edition Explanatory Notes (ASCII text) (FILE) ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (PostScript, 3.4 M) (BIN) ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (Postscript, zipped, 800K) (FILE) ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (ASCII text, 250K) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Using gopher, go to muse.bio.cornell.edu and follow the menu choices: Data Models and Standards Projects/ International Code of Zoological Nomenclature/ to arrive at: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1. ICZN 4th Edition Explanatory Notes (ASCII text). 2. ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (PostScript, 3.4 M). 3. ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (Postscript, zipped,.. 4. ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (ASCII text, 250K) . ----------------------------------------------------------------------- As a service to the European systematic community, in addition to retrieving these files from the muse sites (as detailed above by Peter Rauch), they can also be accessed via the Zoological Record gopher and www servers in the UK, as follows:- Using a www client, go to URL http://www.york.biosis.org/ and follow the menu choice: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Using gopher, go to macdui.york.biosis.org and follow the menu choice: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 4th Edition discussion draft to arrive at: 1. ICZN 4th Edition Covering Statement (ACSII text) 2. ICZN 4th Edition Explanatory Notes (ASCII text) 3. ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (PostScript, 3.4 M) 4. ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (Postscript, zipped, 800K) 5. ICZN 4th Edition Draft for Discussion (ASCII text, 250K) It should be noted that 1. and 2. are ascii text files as produced by the Secretariat of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, whereas 3. 4. and 5. are versions prepared in the US for members and supporters of the American Association for Zoological Nomenclature to ensure wide and quick dissemination on the internet, and which may differ in some small respects from the hard copy version of the draft Code available from the ICZN in London (contact: The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK) Judith Howcroft jhowcroft@york.biosis.org Special Projects Manager Biosis UK Garforth House, 54 Micklegate Tel: +44 (0)1904 642816 York, England, YO1 1LF Fax: +44 (0)1904 612793 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- End of forwarded message 1 ----------------- In addition to the above, a special listserve, ICZN-4, has been set up for discussion of any and all points of the draft edition. One may subscribe to the listserve as follows: ------------- Begin forwarded message 2 -------------------------- Return-Path: Message-Id: <199506142325.QAA19647@violet.berkeley.edu> Date: Wed, 14 Jun 1995 16:25:04 -0700 Reply-To: Peter Rauch Sender: Biological Systematics Discussion List From: Peter Rauch Subject: ICZN-4 Discussion List To: Multiple recipients of list TAXACOM ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- The ICZN-4 Discussion LISTSERV is now available. To subscribe, send email to: LISTSERV@CMSA.BERKELEY.EDU and include a one-line message saying: SUB ICZN-4 YourFirstName YourLastName That's all there is to it; you will receive two messages with information and instructions by return email on how to use ICZN-4. Availability of the "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th Edition DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION" online documents was announced earlier this week here on Taxacom. ICZN-4 is dedicated _exclusively_ to discussion of the 4th Edition DRAFT document. Peter -------------------- End of forwarded message 2 ---------------------------- Mary E. Petersen Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark Tel MEP direct: +45-35 32 10 67 Fax. +45-35 32 10 10 E-mail: mepetersen@zmuc.ku.dk ---------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Mon Dec 11 14:34:25 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id OAA06987; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 14:34:25 -0800 Received: from mailgate1.uea.ac.uk (mailgate1.uea.ac.uk [139.222.230.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id OAA06982; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 14:34:21 -0800 Received: from cpca6.uea.ac.uk by mailgate1.uea.ac.uk with SMTP (PP); Mon, 11 Dec 1995 17:11:14 +0000 Received: from cpc028.cpc.uea.ac.uk by cpca6.uea.ac.uk; (5.65/1.1.8.2/29Jun95-0305PM) id AA31071; Mon, 11 Dec 1995 17:11:10 GMT Date: Mon, 11 Dec 1995 18:20:53 BST From: Valerie Degas Subject: culture of polychaetes To: annelida@net.bio.net Message-Id: Priority: Normal Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Dear Annelidans, I am probably going to make a laboratory experiment on the regeneration of Scoloplos armiger but i have neither references of the culture of polychaetes in laboratory nor on the experiments of regeneration of polychaetes.If you have some , and if you are interested in this experiment you can contact me whenever you want... thanks.. Degas Valerie postgraduate student School of biological sciences University of East Anglia NR47TJ Norwich e-mail : V.Degas@cpca2.uea.ac.uk From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 00:49:22 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA02219; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 00:49:22 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id AAA02211; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 00:49:15 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id VAA02630; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 21:47:37 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512120847.VAA02630@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Re: Type nomeclature and rules To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 21:47:31 +1300 (NZDT) In-Reply-To: <39971.gljp@nhm.ac.uk> from "gljp@nhm.ac.uk" at Dec 11, 95 11:06:11 am Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1357 Gordon Paterson writes: > ...in marine systems species tend to be widespread and variable in > occurrence in time and space so the type locality has less relevance. Widespread or ill-diagnosed? For polychaetes the evidence is the latter is often the case. In which case type locality might be crucial. > ... A further point about type localities is that if you nominate > syntypes, instead of a holotype, from a across the biogeographic range it > gets away from the problems of fixating on a type locality. Correct me if I've overlooked something but that appears to be frowned upon in ICZN-3. "Recommendation 73A. An author who establishes a new nominal species-group taxon should clearly designate its *holotype*." In addition any author can subsequently designate one of those biogeographical syntypes as the lectotype with a type locality. There is a lovely subsection on type localities which is apropos on wandering polychaetes though it might be stretching the intention were it applied to an established colonising species: "If captured or collected after being transported by boat, ... , the type locality is the place from which the name-bearing type, or its wild progenitor, began its unnatural journey." Geoff -- Geoff Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 01:04:08 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id BAA02829; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 01:04:08 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id BAA02815; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 01:03:56 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id WAA04532; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 22:02:17 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512120902.WAA04532@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Re: Marine worms feed To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 22:02:13 +1300 (NZDT) In-Reply-To: from "Andrew Lord" at Dec 12, 95 00:36:12 am Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 2303 Andrew Lord writes:- > Specifically, I am looking to find if anybody has: > 1) cultured marine worms, and if so can they direct me to practical help > with this (people / publications)? Do you have any particular species in mind? Lots of publications over the years but just recently: Chareonpanich,Charumas; Tsutsumi,Hiroaki; Montani,Shigeru (1994): Efficiency of the Decomposition of Organic Matter, Loaded on the Sediment, as a Result of the Biological Activity of Capitella sp. I. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 28(5), 314-318. [Capitella culture below fish farms] Olive,Peter JW (1994): Polychaeta as a world resource: a review of patterns of exploitation as sea angling baits, and the potential for aquaculture based production. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 162(Actes de la 4eme Conference internationale des Polychaetes, Eds: Dauvin,Jean-Claude; Laubier,Lucien; Reish,Donald J), 603-610. Gambi,M Christina; Castelli,Alberto; Giangrande,Adriana; Lanera,P; Prevedelli,Daniela; Vandini,R Zunarelli (1994): Polychaetes of commercial and applied interest in Italy: an overview. [ibid.] 593-603. > 4) information on any newsgroup that addresses questions on the commercial > culture of marine worms? Aquaculture listservs maybe? Try any internet search engine. Also Una Smith's 'A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources' (available at sunsite.unc.edu, but not I think updated since last December) mentions aqua-l@vm.UOGUELPH.ca, and there are several fisheries lists. > I have recently joined Annelida and received information with my > subscription that the main raison d'etre for the group is discussion of > "research on the culture of annelids, but operation of commercial and home > worm-farms will not be a discussion topic". The limits are flexible but consider mainly the opening sentence of the charter: "For discussion of the scientific study of Phylum Annelida ...". We aim to discuss annelid RESEARCH, into which applied aquaculture & agriculture with worms might fit, but home gardening, business, and husbandry things that happen to be associated with worms do not -- in my humble opinion. The man who dreamt up the charter, aka ... Geoff -- Geoff Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 04:15:19 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id EAA16394; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 04:15:19 -0800 Received: from emout05.mail.aol.com (emout05.mail.aol.com [198.81.10.37]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id EAA16387; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 04:15:15 -0800 From: Benbowme@aol.com Received: by emout05.mail.aol.com (8.6.12/8.6.12) id HAA10782; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 07:13:13 -0500 Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 07:13:13 -0500 Message-ID: <951212071313_131163072@emout05.mail.aol.com> To: V.Degas@uea.ac.uk, annelida@net.bio.net Subject: Re: culture of polychaetes We have recently come across some annelids in some freshwater benthic samples. These annelids have parapodial-type appendages only on the posterior portion of the body. These appendages also seem to lack any noticeable setae. We collected these worms along with other polychaetes, but we have only recently sent them to an expert. Does anyone have any ideas? Any information on identification, references, etc. would greatly be appreciated. Thanks M. Eric Benbow Dept. of Biology Univ. of Dayton 513-229-2373 Office 513-229-2021 Fax From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 11:06:13 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id LAA05513; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 11:06:13 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id LAA05510; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 11:06:10 -0800 Received: from [139.124.16.21] (smepc11.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA044702312; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 13:45:12 +0100 From: "Helmut Zibrowius" Date: Tue, 12 Dec 95 13:42:17 MST Message-Id: <5132.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Reply-To: X-Popmail-Charset: IBM 8-Bit To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: experts and type localities in polychaetology In reply to G. Read's discussion contribution of Fri, 8 Dec 1995 22:46: 29 +1300 (NZD), which contained the following partly optimistic remark: >When an expert has done the id there is usually no problem but most >polychaete ids aren't made by experts.... The second part of the sentence is very true and that situation surely contributes to increase the general mess. Considering the former part, what about those experts like P. Fauvel and his priestly school at Angers? They have been and still widely are considered as experts, especially P. Fauvel, with his very many papers. But there are stories about the posterior part of a polychaete described as the anterior part of a new taxon and I am inclined to believe those. I indeed would have similar anecdotical aspects to add.... My personal experience with serpulids shows that their identifications should always be doubted and verified. Harry ten Hove will probably not contradict me? We always should be cautious when referring to "expert authorities" and always be prepared to play detectives, as in the case of type localities: poorly transcribed data, left overs in the dredge from a previous haul at a totally different depth, etc. are not uncommon. By the way, can somebody tell me where to find Narcon Island? That's the type locality of the Antarctic/subantarctic Serpula narconensis Baird, from J. Ross' Antarctic exploring expedition. It has been quoted many times since 1865. Well, I think that I have good reasons to believe that Narcon Island is just a poor transcription of Marion Island, a southern island that effectively was visited by J. Ross' expedition. Play detectives and have fun! ----------------------------------- Helmut ZIBROWIUS (Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille) Station Marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille / France TEL: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 2 4 FAX: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 3 5 E-MAIL: ----------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 18:07:32 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id SAA13632; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 18:07:32 -0800 Received: from cdp.igc.apc.org (cdp.igc.apc.org [192.82.108.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id SAA13612; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 18:07:29 -0800 Received: from igc2.igc.apc.org (igc2.igc.apc.org [192.82.108.39]) by cdp.igc.apc.org (8.6.12/Revision: 1.213 ) with SMTP id SAA28967 for ; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 18:04:48 -0800 Received: (from dwkirtley) by igc2.igc.apc.org (8.6.11/Revision: 1.16 ) id SAA10861 for ANNELIDA@net.bio.net; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 18:04:46 -0800 Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 18:04:46 -0800 From: "David W Kirtley Ph.D." Message-Id: <199512130204.SAA10861@igc2.igc.apc.org> To: ANNELIDA@net.bio.net Subject: positions Open: Detective ---- Subject: Introduced Sabellariidae 12 December 1995 Artificial introduction of sabellariids The discussions of artificial ("accidental") introduction of polychaete species over the past few weeks re-awakened some dim, fuzzy, thoughts I've had about a few of the disjunct, and really enigmatic, patterns of distribution of certain sabellariid species that remain after much of the "circumtropical," "bipolar," and "comsmopolitan" nonsense is dealt with and heavily discounted. Two examples have clear potential for providing some insight into "artificially" introduced populations of sabellariids: (1) _Sabellaria vulgaris_ Verrill, 1873, was first described from off Massachusetts, where they are extremely abundant. Morphologic -ally similar individuals are found in great numbers in nearshore areas from Nova Scotia to Cape Kennedy, Florida. They are abundant in Chesapeake Bay where the find the shells of _Crassostrea_ sp. a good place to settle-down and raise a family (Curtis, 1973). At a number of localities southward from Cape Hatteras, N. C., _S. vulgaris_ occurs in clusters of sand tubes with what appear to be _S. floridensis_ Hartman, 1944, first described from Englewood, on the Gulf coast of Florida. They occur in reduced numbers in colonies with _Phragmatopoma caudata_ Kroeyer from Cape Kennedy to at least as far south on the Atlantic coast as Walton Rocks, just south of Ft. Pierce Inlet (Eckelbarger, 1975; 1976)). Individuals with virtually the same external appearance are found along the northern and western margins of the Gulf of Mexico (Kirtley, 1994). Rioja (1946:196) described some examples from Tecolutla, south of Cabo Rojo, Mexico, that may be closely related forms. I haven't followed the idea very far but I understand that there have been a number of cases of transplantation of oysters from Chesapeake Bay, and perhaps other localities on the Atlantic Coast to Louisiana and other Gulf of Mexico sites. Some of the _S. gracilis_ Hartman, 1944, Oakland Airport, San Francisco Bay, California) have opercular paleae that are suspiciously similar in appearance to those seen in _S. vulgaris_ (See Kirtley, 1994:64:figs. 4.14.1 and 4.14.2). I've heard that "Chesapeake Bay" oysters have been transplanted to that area in the past. (2) _Sabellaria nanella_ Chamberlin, 1919, was first described from San Francisco Bay. I am unable to recognize any significant difference between the holotype and specimens collected from Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador; Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; and La Pedrera, Uruguay. Both of these cases may be possibly due to dispersal of sabellariids that rode in on the hulls of infested ships, or pirogues, or canoasm or jangadas. If anyone would like to share their ideas on this matter, and help with the detective work (see Zibrowius' comments in this forum, this date) I'd be pleased to hear from you...especially if you have some Sabellariidae specimens I might see). Best wishes, David W. Kirtley, Worm Detective Box 2713 Vero Beach, Florida 32961-2713 Phone 407-567-4417 FAX 407-778-2716 From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 22:44:22 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id CAA07551; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 02:00:36 -0800 Received: (from biohelp@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id CAA07522; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 02:00:19 -0800 Date: Tue, 12 Dec 1995 02:00:19 -0800 From: BIOSCI Administrator Message-Id: <199512121000.CAA07522@net.bio.net> To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: IMPORTANT: BIOSCI miniFAQ (LAST REVISION: 08-DEC-95) This is a new "miniFAQ" designed to answer the questions that come up the *most frequently*. The main BIOSCI FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) is accessible on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.bio.net/. 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Sincerely, Dave Kristofferson BIOSCI/bionet Manager biosci-help@net.bio.net From BIOSCI-REQUEST Tue Dec 12 23:08:46 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id XAA09699; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 23:08:46 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id XAA09691; Tue, 12 Dec 1995 23:08:39 -0800 Received: from [139.124.16.21] (smepc11.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA060628408; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:06:48 +0100 From: "Helmut Zibrowius" Date: Wed, 13 Dec 95 08:03:54 MST Message-Id: <2301.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Reply-To: X-Popmail-Charset: IBM 8-Bit To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: travelling polychaetes In reply to worm co-detective Kirtley's remarks of Tue, 12 Dec 1995 18: 04:46 -0800: I cannot help with the sabellariids. I just wish to confirm that Crassostrea virginica has been an efficient vector for many species: from Atlantic N America to Pacific N America, and also to W Europe. I would expect that close to intertidal sabellariids are likely to survive such oyster trips. Later, the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas carried plenty of Far Eastern species to Europe, negligence of the French Fisheries etc. authorities helping. Including the serpulid Hydroides ezoensis - also a tube worm and thus specially adapted to travelling. Various cases of the "Jap-fauna" are mentioned in my compilation on the aliens in the Mediterranean Sea. Sabellariids apparently were not among the epifauna of batches examined in the 70s, by Y. Gruet. Perhaps they preferred to take a later train... ----------------------------------- Helmut ZIBROWIUS (Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille) Station Marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille / France TEL: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 2 4 FAX: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 3 5 E-MAIL: ----------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 13 03:17:27 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id DAA27545; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 03:17:27 -0800 Received: from bio.uva.nl (popmail.bio.uva.nl [145.18.167.16]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id DAA27525; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 03:17:17 -0800 Received: from [145.18.172.114] by bio.uva.nl with SMTP (Apple Internet Mail Server 1.0); Wed, 13 Dec 1995 12:18:35 +0100 Date: Wed, 13 Dec 1995 12:18:19 +0100 To: annelida@net.bio.net From: hove@bio.uva.nl (Harry A. ten Hove) X-Sender: hove@popmail.bio.uva.nl Subject: expert taxonomists identifications Message-ID: <1393265381-2628529@bio.uva.nl> In reply to G. Read's discussion contribution of Fri, 8 Dec 1995 22:46: 29 +1300 (NZD), which contained the following partly optimistic remark: >When an expert has done the id there is usually no problem but most >polychaete ids aren't made by experts.... Challenged by Helmut Zibrowius, I endorse his views on "expert identifications". I will even go further than he. Any identification is a product of its epoch. Of course, when it is generally accepted that a species is occurring world-wide (like "Serpula vermicularis" during the last few decades), an identification of a large Serpula will end up with the nominal taxon vermicularis. Nevertheless, from a biogeographic perspective this is unlikely, and really looking at the material it is evident that a complex of species is involved. Most "experts" have more material than they can handle, and tend to skip corners whenever possible. A simplified example, which nevertheless may be valid. The genus Filogranella was described in 1979. Its tube may show 5 longitudinal ridges, not unlike those in the serpulid Vermiliopsis. In other characters there are some superficial similarities as well. Preliminary identifications of this group in the field and during visits to other musea were done upon the supposedly fairly characteristic tube mainly, so any such identification from before 1979 only could have been Vermiliopsis, but may include specimens of the untill than undescribed Filogranella. Between 1979 and 1985 I used two characters for these hasty field identifications: non-operculate, five keels = Filogranella; operculate, five keels = Vermiliopsis. Around 1985 I found operculate representatives of Filogranella, thus operculate specimens of "Vermiliopsis spec." det. ten Hove 1979-1985 still might include Filogranella. Nowadays I routinely use the uncini (specialised thoracic chaetae) in addition to discriminate between the two genera, but I don't have the time to go back upon the hundreds of previously identified samples. I don't think that many mistakes like described above actually will have been made, the example after all was simplified and I often do use not mentioned characters as well, but cannot exclude the possibility either. In my 30 years of serpulid experience, I have re-identified material of almost all broad polychaete specialists like Augener, Day, Fauvel, Hartman, Hartmann- Schroeder, McIntosh, Monro, Pettibone, Rioja, (and I certainly are forgetting a few names), as well as that of more specializing, esteemed colleagues like Bailey-Brock, Ben-Eliahu, Imajima, Knight-Jones, Pillai, Zibrowius (and if I have omitted someone that does not mean that (s)he is not esteemed nor that (s)he did not make mistakes), and last but certainly not least ten Hove. I can assure that none of us is infallible. Some made more mistakes than others, not every-one of us will have been a phylum wrong in her/his identification (like Fauvel and Augener), not everyone will use a book on the Mediterranean fauna for tropical material like Fauvel did in his Fauna of India, but we all are overburdened with routine identifications and will slip sometimes. In conclusion, if "usually" would be defined as "in 80% of the cases", I might agree with our discussion leader's statement >When an expert has done the id there is usually no problem< I subscribe the intention of his remark >but most polychaete ids aren't made by experts.... but see this as a challenge to us "experts" to produce more and better review papers, or even better both papers and digitalized data-banks, giving the non-experts better tools to unburden us of routine ids. Wormly, Harry A. ten Hove Institute for Systematics and Populationbiology Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam POB 94766, 1090 GT AMSTERDAM tel. 3120 5256906 fax. 3120 5255402 Email: hove@bio.uva.nl From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 13 08:18:54 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id IAA25719; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:18:54 -0800 Received: from cypress.nwnet.net (cypress.nwnet.net [192.80.13.56]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id IAA25716; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:18:51 -0800 Received: from portal.lcsc.edu by cypress.nwnet.net (5.0/SMI-SVR4) id AA12164; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:10:52 -0800 Date: Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:14:06 -800 (PST) From: Mike Satterwhite Subject: Re: travelling polychaetes To: Helmut Zibrowius Cc: annelida@net.bio.net In-Reply-To: <2301.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: msatterw@lcsc.edu content-length: 668 As a relatively quiet observer of the travelling discussion I'd like to point out the obvious. There is some good material being assembled here chronicling potentially evolutionarily significant events. It would be a good idea if some of you were archiving these communications for future reference and perhaps even pattern analysis. MS ============================================================================ D. Michael Satterwhite, PhD. Phone: 208-799-2890 at LCSC Division of Natural Science and Mathematics Home: 208-746-3628/7288 Lewis-Clark State College Fax: 208-799-2064 500 8th Street Lewiston, Idaho 83501 e-mail: msatterw@lcsc.edu From BIOSCI-REQUEST Wed Dec 13 08:39:05 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id IAA27293; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:39:05 -0800 Received: from ix7.ix.netcom.com (ix7.ix.netcom.com [199.182.120.7]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id IAA27290; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:39:01 -0800 Received: from by ix7.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id IAA19449; Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:36:58 -0800 Date: Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:36:58 -0800 Message-Id: <199512131636.IAA19449@ix7.ix.netcom.com> From: jablake@ix.netcom.com (JAMES BLAKE ) Subject: Re, Expert Taxonomic Identifications To: annelida@net.bio.net Dear Annelid enthusiasts, The recent postings by Read, Zibrowius, and Ten Hove on their views about "expert" and "non-expert" identifications need to be tempered with the point that our knowledge of speciation in polychaetes has changed considerably in recent years. SEMs were not available to most of our predecessors; there was little appreciation of how species were moved around my man's activities, and there was no knowledge of the genetics of sibling species. We are now examining species at a different level of discrimination than we were even 10 years ago. Twenty years ago, almost any cirratulid found with cinctures of spines encircling its posterior end would probably have been referred to Chaetozone setosa with little thought. For example, in 1968 I participated in a cruise to the eastern Canadian Arctic and in the results (Blake and Dean, 1973: Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 72), did indeed identify such a cirratulid from off Baffin Island as Chaetozone setosa. In a recent revision of cirratulids from the northeastern Pacific, I have identified no less than 16 species of Chaetozone, none of which are the real C. setosa. A reexamination the above mentioned Arctic "C. setosa" mentioned in the 1973 paper indicates that it is yet another undescribed species. We are going to find this level of speciation in cirratulids all over the world and the difficulty of documenting this diversity will be very difficult, but it non-the-less exists; and in other families as well. My point is that we should not dwell on who did what kind of identifications or how well or how poorly. We all make mistakes, but given the level of our knowledge and understanding and what is at our disposal at the time, we do the best we can. Jim Blake ENSR 89 Water Street Woods Hole, MA 02543 (jablake@ix.netcom.com) From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 00:29:25 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA23762; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 00:29:25 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id AAA23743; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 00:29:12 -0800 Received: from [139.124.16.21] (smepc11.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA095149647; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 09:27:27 +0100 From: "Helmut Zibrowius" Date: Thu, 14 Dec 95 09:24:31 MST Message-Id: <5453.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Reply-To: X-Popmail-Charset: IBM 8-Bit To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: impact of old unreliable identifications On Wed, 13 Dec 1995 08:36:58 -0800, JAMES BLAKE wrote: >The recent postings by Read, Zibrowius, and Ten Hove on their views >about "expert" and "non-expert" identifications need to be tempered ...... >My point is that we should not dwell on who did what kind of >identifications or how well or how poorly..... The point simply is that we should be ready to be cautious and critical. Those old data representing certain periods (and some people have always been more behind the generally admitted period than others) are frequently reused in "modern" contexts. Many people now have computers, feed in whatever data, and are pleased to have nice graphs drawn, whatever insignificant they may be given the input. I do not need to refer specially to Polychaeta. For example, I also remember two recent MS on Anthozoa. Computer games with whatever data are a general trend. ----------------------------------- Helmut ZIBROWIUS (Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille) Station Marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille / France TEL: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 2 4 FAX: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 3 5 E-MAIL: ----------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 00:36:35 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA24030; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 00:36:35 -0800 Received: from sun4nl.NL.net (sun4nl.NL.net [193.78.240.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id AAA24025; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 00:36:32 -0800 Received: from niecte by sun4nl.NL.net via EUnet id AA05222 (5.65b/CWI-3.3); Thu, 14 Dec 1995 09:34:58 +0100 Received: from cto.nioo.nl by nioo.nl with SMTP (16.6/16.2) id AA15577; Thu, 14 Dec 95 09:11:02 +0100 Received: by cto.nioo.nl with Microsoft Mail id <30D05FAC@cto.nioo.nl>; Thu, 14 Dec 95 09:32:28 PST From: "Craeymeersch, Johan" To: ANNELIDA Subject: Marenzelleria viridis Date: Thu, 14 Dec 95 09:18:00 PST Message-Id: <30D05FAC@cto.nioo.nl> Encoding: 41 TEXT X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail V3.0 The North Amercian spionid _Marenzelleria (Scolecolepides) viridis_ (Verrill, 1873) was first reported in European waters in 1982 (McLusky et al., 1993). Since then, the polychaete has spread into several estuaries around the North Sea and also appeard in the Baltic Sea. Essink and Kleef (1993) formulated a hypothesis regarding the possible mode by which the spionid polychaete was able to spread.: a second introduction in the Ems estuary; and the anti-clockwise water circulation pattern from the two sites of introduction (Forth estuary, Ems estuary). Given the genetic differences between the North Sea and Baltic populations, the Baltic populations probably result from a third introduction (Bastrop et al. 1995). Last week, specimens of this polychaete were found in the south-west of the Netherlands. The benthic fauna of this area, built op by several estuaries, was studied intensively by Wolff (1973). Since then the area has been changed profoundly my major coastal engineering projects. Several estuaries have been dammed and in the Oosterschelde a storm-surge barrier has been built. As a result, some of the estuaries were turned into non-tidal lakes or lagoons filled with brackish or saline water. We might expect Marenzelleria to start colonizing the whole area. In the southern Baltic it has become the dominant macrobenthos species (Zettler et al., 1995), and given the different water bodies in the Delta area, this may happen here as well. Therefore, I am looking for references on the distribution of this species in America, and on the ecology of this species. Thanks in advance, Johan Craeymeersch Netherlands Institute of Ecology Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology Vierstraat 28 NL-4401 EA Yerseke the Netherlands craeymer@nioo.nl From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 10:52:02 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id KAA18098; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 10:52:02 -0800 Received: from ccr.dsi.uanl.mx (ccr.dsi.uanl.mx [148.234.15.4]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id KAA18093; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 10:51:57 -0800 Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 10:51:57 -0800 Message-Id: <199512141851.KAA18093@net.bio.net> Received: from apena.dsi.uanl.mx ([148.234.80.10]) by ccr.dsi.uanl.mx (MX V4.1 VAX) with SMTP; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 12:50:21 EST X-Sender: jadeleon@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx (Unverified) X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: annelida@net.bio.net From: Angel de leon Subject: polychaete distribution Estimados estudiosos en anelidos In reply to the discution of the worldwide distribution of some polychaete species. I found a article titled "Ecological Roulette: The Global Transport of nonindigenous marine organisms" Science, 261: 78-82 (1993). Cartlon and Geller sampled ballast water from 159 cargo ships in Coos Bay, Oregon, USA. The ships and their ballast water were originated from 25 Japanese Ports. They found a minimum of 367 different marine taxa, including spionids, polynoids among other polychaete families. These study may explain the transpacific distribution in the recent past. The interesting point is, how many transpacific species Jim Blake found in his Atlas?. Angel de Leon Lab. Zoologia de Invertebrados Fac. Ciencias Biologicas, U.A.N.L. Ap. Postal 5, Suc. "F" San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66451 MEXICO e-mail: jadeleon@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 13:07:28 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id NAA01193; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 13:07:28 -0800 Received: from ix3.ix.netcom.com (ix3.ix.netcom.com [199.182.120.3]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id NAA01184; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 13:07:20 -0800 Received: from by ix3.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id NAA15035; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 13:05:14 -0800 Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 13:05:14 -0800 Message-Id: <199512142105.NAA15035@ix3.ix.netcom.com> From: jablake@ix.netcom.com (JAMES BLAKE ) Subject: Re, Polychaete Distribution To: annelida@net.bio.net Dear Annelid enthusiasts, Angel de leon wrote: > In reply to the discution of the worldwide distribution of some >polychaete species. I found a article titled "Ecological Roulette: The >Global Transport of nonindigenous marine organisms" Science, 261: >78-82(1993). Cartlon and Geller sampled ballast water from 159 cargo >ships in Coos Bay, Oregon, USA. The ships and their ballast water were >originated from 25 Japanese Ports. They found a minimum of 367 >different marine taxa, including spionids, polynoids among other >polychaete families. > These study may explain the transpacific distribution in the recent >past. The interesting point is, how many transpacific species Jim >Blake found in his Atlas?. The cited paper is one of several authored by Jim Carlton detailing his interesting work on transport of invertebrates. An early summary, relevent to California appeared in the 1975 edition of Light's Manual. The answer to Angel's question, however, is easy if we are considering introduced or non-indigenous species. None!! The Atlas I am referring to deals almost exclusively with polychaetes from the continental shelf and slope, not from estuarine habitats where the opportunitistic species found in ballast water colonize. Geologically, the estuaries of California are so young, that there are relatively few endemic invertebrates. This provides opportunities for invading species that are transported to these estuaries in ballast water or through aquaculture transplants. Typically such species are tolerant to shifts in salinity and temperature. This is not true for offshore species found in the deeper waters of the shelf and slope. These species have a narrow range of tolerance and occur there because of natural transport and colonization. Jim Blake ENSR 89 Water Street Woods Hole, MA 02543 (jablake@ix.netcom.com) From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 17:19:19 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id RAA25889; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 17:19:19 -0800 Received: from atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (atlantis.actrix.gen.nz [192.100.53.23]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id RAA25884; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 17:19:10 -0800 Received: (from gread@localhost) by atlantis.actrix.gen.nz (8.6.11/8.6.9) id OAA28152; Fri, 15 Dec 1995 14:17:17 +1300 From: Geoffrey Read Message-Id: <199512150117.OAA28152@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Subject: Re: Re, Polychaete Distribution To: annelida@net.bio.net (ANNELIDA list) Date: Fri, 15 Dec 1995 14:17:13 +1300 (NZDT) In-Reply-To: <199512142105.NAA15035@ix3.ix.netcom.com> from "JAMES BLAKE" at Dec 14, 95 01:05:14 pm Reply-To: gread@actrix.gen.nz X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1254 JAMES BLAKE writes:- > Angel de leon wrote: > > These study may explain the transpacific distribution in the recent > >past. The interesting point is, how many transpacific species Jim > >Blake found in his Atlas?. > The answer to Angel's question, however, is easy if we are considering > introduced or non-indigenous species. None!! Aglaophamus verrilli (McIntosh, 1885), type locality Marlborough Sounds, 10 faths, New Zealand, is reported from 100-140m depth in the Basin by Brigitte Hilbig in vol 4. (Other authors have reported it from USA before Brigitte I should add.) It's quite a distinctive species, but perhaps this is misleading (like Chaetopterus) and future workers with yet more advanced 'tools' will manage to separate the Californian version again. However, other NZ marine fauna have apparently reached West Coast USA across the Pacific (a nudibranch was it recently?), and, as Jim indicates, the shallow water is the area where intrusions are most likely. For what it's worth A. verrilli in NZ is a near-shore species. Nephtyid experts please, -- the floor is yours to knock this one on the head ... Geoff -- Geoff Read Annelida resources => http://www.actrix.gen.nz/users/chaeto/index.html From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 18:54:26 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id SAA03730; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 18:54:26 -0800 Received: from cdp.igc.apc.org (cdp.igc.apc.org [192.82.108.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id SAA03727; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 18:54:25 -0800 Received: from igc2.igc.apc.org (igc2.igc.apc.org [192.82.108.39]) by cdp.igc.apc.org (8.6.12/Revision: 1.213 ) with SMTP id SAA23462 for ; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 18:51:42 -0800 Received: (from dwkirtley) by igc2.igc.apc.org (8.6.11/Revision: 1.16 ) id SAA19017 for annelida@net.bio.net; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 18:51:40 -0800 Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 18:51:40 -0800 From: "David W Kirtley Ph.D." Message-Id: <199512150251.SAA19017@igc2.igc.apc.org> To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: estuarine evolution Jim Blake writes: < From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 20:36:36 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id UAA11397; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:36:36 -0800 Received: from netcom9.netcom.com (mblcsdla@netcom9.netcom.com [192.100.81.119]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id UAA11394; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:36:32 -0800 Received: by netcom9.netcom.com (8.6.12/Netcom) id UAA12085; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:32:21 -0800 Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:32:20 -0800 (PST) From: Marine Biology Laboratory Sender: Marine Biology Laboratory Reply-To: Marine Biology Laboratory Subject: A NZ invader of Calif Shelf & Slope To: gread@actrix.gen.nz cc: ANNELIDA list In-Reply-To: <199512150117.OAA28152@atlantis.actrix.gen.nz> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Geoffrey Read wrote: > However, other NZ marine > fauna have apparently reached West Coast USA across the Pacific (a nudibranch > was it recently?), and, as Jim indicates, the shallow water is the area where > intrusions are most likely. For what it's worth A. verrilli in NZ is a > near-shore species. > With apologies to the group, I will mention a non-annelid here. A recent New Zealand arrival to the California coast (although not the one to which Geoff referred perhaps) is the cephalaspid gastropod Philine auriformis. This guy was first reported in Calif by Gosliner (1995) from San Francisco Bay where it became established within the past decade. SF Bay is, of course, the typical setting for such invasions, as Jim Blake suggested. However it seems not to have been satisfied with confinement to the Bay and has appeared on the open coast in southern California within the past year. It is now being taken routinely in quarterly sampling (both trawls and benthic grabs) from the Los Angeles region to as far south as San Diego in depths from 20 to 305 meters. On the Palos Verdes Shelf near Los Angeles several hundred have been taken in a ten minute trawl with a small otter trawl. Jim Blake contrasted shelf and slope depth communities to those of estuaries, citing the former's relative immunity to invasion by non-native species. Philine auriformis appears to be an exception to the general case, although its foothold in a hospitable estuary may have facilitated its subsequent invasion of the shelf and slope. Another possibility is an introduction directly to the southern Californian shelf and slope. Dave Montagne Marine Biology Lab County Sanitation Districts of LA County mblcsdla@netcom.com From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 20:46:25 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id UAA12136; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:46:25 -0800 Received: from ix2.ix.netcom.com (ix2.ix.netcom.com [199.182.120.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id UAA12104; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:46:22 -0800 Received: from by ix2.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id UAA01680; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:44:53 -0800 Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 20:44:53 -0800 Message-Id: <199512150444.UAA01680@ix2.ix.netcom.com> From: jablake@ix.netcom.com (JAMES BLAKE ) Subject: Estuarine evolution To: annelida@net.bio.net Dear Annelid enthusiasts, I am delighted at the various directions discussions are taking with regard to transport of exotic species. David Kirtley writes in response to my comment about the relatively young geological age of California estuaries. >Some of the present day estuaries may have been at their present >positions for relatively brief (geologic) time spans, indeed, but >there is little reason to imagine that there were no antecedent >estuarine habitats along the California coast that occupied laterally >contiguous positions during lower, or higher, relative sea level >stands. >Whether as the result of global glacio-eustatic rise and fall of sea- >level or local tectonic vertical displacement and/or lateral >translation of fault blocks, the size and shapes and areal extent of >the estuarine habitats may have changed greatly from time to time, >but this would not completely obviate the opportunity for the >evolution of endemic invertebrates in those estuarine habitats. >If there is evidence that at any time the California coastal margin >was a high, sheer, strait cliff, and all the rivers and streams were >dammed up so that there was no fresh water flowing into the ocean, >then my argument would be baseless and my conclusions dead wrong. If you look at a map of the coastline from the Columbia River to the southern California Bight, you will not find very many embayments. Most of the coastline is composed of cliffs with debris from former cliffs forming extensive rocky areas just offshore. This has created habitat for a wonderful rocky intertidal and subtidal fauna anf flora, much of it endemic and well studied. Most of the literature dealing with introduced invertebrates in California estuaries comes from San Francisco Bay, an estuary that has been extensively modified since siltation caused by the hydraulic gold mining in the 1850's and thereafter. Extensive habitat alteration from that area and of subsequent land filling operations would most certainly have altered endemic faunas. However, evidence of a recent geological origin is quite evident in Tomales Bay where I worked throughout the 1970's. This bay is the sunken rift zone of the San Andreas Fault and we were always dreading the day the "big one" would hit. According to predictions, the City of Los Angeles will one day lie just offshore of my former laboratory, the Pacific Marine Station. Who knows how many "endemic" species and polychaete biologists will have come and gone when that time comes. >From a transplanted, 3rd generation native Californian, now shoveling snow from the first storm of the winter in Massachusetts. Jim Blake ENSR 89 Water Street Woods Hole, MA 02543 From BIOSCI-REQUEST Thu Dec 14 23:35:47 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id XAA28649; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 23:35:47 -0800 Received: from sme.univ-mrs.fr (sme.univ-mrs.fr [139.124.16.1]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with ESMTP id XAA28646; Thu, 14 Dec 1995 23:35:41 -0800 Received: from [139.124.16.21] (smepc11.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP (1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA142192846; Fri, 15 Dec 1995 08:34:06 +0100 From: "Helmut Zibrowius" Date: Fri, 15 Dec 95 08:31:10 MST Message-Id: <2002.hzibrowi@[139.124.16.1]_POPMail/PC_3.2.2> Reply-To: X-Popmail-Charset: IBM 8-Bit To: annelida@net.bio.net Subject: Re: estuarine evolution On Thu, 14 Dec 1995 18:51:40 -0800, David W Kirtley Ph.D. wrote: >....... >This statement needs to be clarified a bit, I believe, before it >becomes /// generally and uncritically accepted, embedded, and perfused >through the literature ///. Well and pertinently formulated again! As for the arguments concerning the non-absence of Californian estuaries in former ages, we have a somewhat similar situation in our area (NW Mediterranean). Even though the submarine caves we presently know (among many others: paleolithic Cosquer cave with entrance at now -37m; cave with the carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma and hexactinellid Oopsacas at ca -20m -- you may have heard about these through TV and Nature) had been totally immerged during low stands of the sea level, there still remained other (deeper) caves submerged since karstic lime stone formations extend into much deeper water, as has been documented by submersible dives. At least in that case evidence can be seen even now. Submarine caves here are NOT new Holocene biota either. ----------------------------------- Helmut ZIBROWIUS (Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille) Station Marine d'Endoume Rue Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille / France TEL: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 2 4 FAX: (intern. - 33) 9 1 0 4 1 6 3 5 E-MAIL: ----------------------------------- From BIOSCI-REQUEST Fri Dec 15 00:42:05 1995 Return-Path: BIOSCI-REQUEST Received: (from daemon@localhost) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) id AAA03871; Fri, 15 Dec 1995 00:42:05 -0800 Received: from ben.britain.eu.net (ben.Britain.EU.net [192.91.199.254]) by net.bio.net (8.6.12/8.6.6) with SMTP id AAA03857; Fri, 15 Dec 1995 00:41:36 -0800 X400-Receive