From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Thu Apr 01 23:00:00 1999 From: "Clive Delmonte" Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics,bionet.xtallography Subject: DNA Structure: Puzzle #8 (Version 2) Date: Fri, 2 Apr 1999 18:14:14 +0100 Lines: 52 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.7.225.115 Message-ID: <3704f8a3.0@news.netdirect.net.uk> X-Trace: 2 Apr 1999 18:04:35 GMT, 195.7.225.115 Path: biosci!newshost.lanl.gov!awabi.library.ucla.edu!128.230.129.106!news.maxwell.syr.edu!newspeer1.nac.net!newsfeed.wirehub.nl!peer.news.nildram.co.uk!news-peer.netdirect.net.uk!news.netdirect.net.uk!195.7.225.115 Xref: biosci bionet.biophysics:4903 bionet.xtallography:4688 The Crystallographers' Paradox Several teams of nucleic acid crystallographers have reported on the interconversion of the B to the Z form under very mild conditions inside fibres of drawn DNA (22,23), as well as the B to form D conversion under similar, very mild conditions (24). The very mild conditions are interpreted by some (23,24) to mean that the B and Z forms, and the B and D forms, respectively, must have the same helical handedness. (Another team (22) seems to offer no interpretation of its observation of the B to Z transition inside a fibre.) The reversible conversion inside fibres of the A to, and from, the B form has been known for many years, and therefore the A, B, D and Z forms would all seem to have the same helical handedness. However, there are many studies of diffraction from true oligonucleotide crystals which purport to show that the A and B forms are right-handed, for example (25,26), and purport to show that the Z form is left-handed, for example (27). How can all the crystallographers be right ? ------------------------------------------------------------ 22 Polymorphism of DNA Double Helices; A.G.W. Leslie, S. Arnott, R. Chandrasekaran & R.L. Ratliff; J Mol Biol Vol 143 (1980) 49 - 72 23 B to Z Transition in a DNA Fibre: The Question of Handedness of the Duplex; V. Sasisekharan & S.K. Brahmachari; Current Science Vol 50 (1981) 10 - 13 24 Time-resolved X-ray Diffraction Studies of the B to D Structural Transition in the DNA Double Helix; A. Mahendrasingham, V.T. Forsyth, R. Hussain, R.J. Greenall, W.J. Pigram & W. Fuller; SCIENCE Vol 233 (1986) 195 - 197 25 Conformation of d(GGGATCCC) x 2 in crystals and in solution studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and molecular modelling; H. Fabian, W. Holzer, U. Heinemann, H. Sklenar & H. Welfle; Nucleic Acids Research Vol 21 (1993) 569 - 576 26 Crystal Structure Analysis of a Complete Turn of B-DNA; R. Wing, H. Drew, T. Takano, C. Broka, S. Tanaka, K. Itakura & R.E. Dickerson; Nature Vol 287 (1980) 755 - 758 27 Molecular Structure of a Left-handed Double Helical DNA Fragment at Atomic Resolution; A.H.-J. Wang, G.J. Quigley, F.J. Kolpak, J.L. Crawford, J.H. van Boom, G. van der Marel & A. Rich; Nature Vol 282 (1979) 680 - 686 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Clive Delmonte From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Fri Apr 02 23:00:00 1999 From: "Clive Delmonte" Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: DNA Structure: Puzzle # 9 (Version 2) Date: Fri, 2 Apr 1999 19:28:54 +0100 Lines: 1039 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.7.225.247 Message-ID: <3705e6d1.0@news.netdirect.net.uk> X-Trace: 3 Apr 1999 11:00:49 GMT, 195.7.225.247 Path: biosci!news.ic.sunysb.edu!news-nysernet-16.sprintlink.net!news-east1.sprintlink.net!news-peer1.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!news-peer.gip.net!news-lond.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newspeer.clara.net!news.clara.net!peer.news.nildram.co.uk!news-peer.netdirect.net.uk!news.netdirect.net.uk!195.7.225.247 Z-DNA Miller et al. (28) reported that, using duplex poly deoxy (Guanosine - 5-methyl-Cytosine), the B to Z transition took place an order of magnitude faster when the polymer in the B form was fully wound round nucleosome cores than when the B-DNA was free in solution. If Z-DNA really were left-handed, how would a right to left helical transition in duplex DNA take place an order of magnitude faster when wound around nucleosomal histones than when free in solution? There is a clue to a possible answer in the work of Sasisekharan & Brahmachari(Puzzle #8, ref. 23) who suggest that B- and Z-DNA have the same helical handedness since the B to Z transition is seen by several groups to occur under very mild conditions inside a solid fibre. (Such reasoning had been advanced many years earlier as support for the proposition that the A & B forms had the same handedness because of the same observation.) Then the B to Z transition could be faster on nucleosomes because of the highly ordered structure, and slower in solution because of the high degree of folding and twisting of the duplex in solution. We recall that there is actually no direct experimental evidence that Z-DNA is left-handed. Topological experiments predicated on its left-handedness have failed (e.g., 29), and none known to me have succeeded. The X-ray diffraction reports on Z-DNA structure were based on fitting the data to a model chosen by the workers themselves (e.g., Ref. 30 (Note 19) and Ref. 31 (page 4017, "... we should again attempt the method...using a trial model of left-handed Z-DNA.)) On this basis, the fast B to Z transition observed by Miller et al. might merely consist of Watson-Crick base pairs becoming Hoogsteen pairs, by a fast purine flip, leading to CD inversion at certain frequencies, with both B & Z forms being right-handed. With a Hoogsteen base pair width of 0.88nm, a true side-by-side duplex (see attachment) has a major elliptical axis of some 1.76 nm and will just fit into certain reported, small unit cells such as that of Arnott & Selsing (Puzzle #7, Ref. 20 (1.78nm)), for example, which is too small to accommodate a Watson-Crick double helix. This proposal was first published in 1991 (Puzzle #1, Ref. 2). -------------------------------------------- 28 Nucleosome-core Assembly on B & Z Forms of Duplex Poly(d(G-5-methyl-C)); F.D. Miller, J.B. Rattner & J.H. van der Sande: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology Vol 47 (1983) 571-575 29 DNA conformation & chromatin organisation of a d(CA/GT) x 30 sequence cloned in SV40 minichromosomes; A. Rodriguez-Campos et al.; The EMBO J Vol 5 (1986) 1727 - 1734 30 Left-handed Double Helical DNA: Variations in the Backbone Conformation; A.H.-J. Wang et al.; SCIENCE Vol 211 (1981) 171 - 176 31 The tetramer d(CGCG) crystallises as a left-handed double helix; J.L.Crawford et al.; Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA); Vol 77 (1980) 4016 - 4020 --------------------------------------------------------- Clive Delmonte begin 666 SBSDUPLEXBMPmar9.bmp M0DU^JP```````#X````H````] $``*T"```!``$``````$"K``!$"P``1 L` M``(````"`````````/___P#_____________________________________ M______________________________________________ `____________ M____________________________________________________________ M___________P`/______________________________________________ M____________________________________\ #_____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M__ `________________________________________________________ M___________________________P`/______________________________ M____________________________________________________\ #_____ M________________________X'P!_C^#`,@_________________________ M__________________ `_____________________________^><#GX_XSC( M?__________________________________________P`/______________ M________________G_YP#^,XR'__________________________________ M________\ #______________________________Y_^< _C.,A_________ M__________________________________ `________________________ M______P?^'8_XSC(?__________________________________________P M`/_____________________________X/_#Z/^ X`'__________________ M________________________\ #______________________________[_^ M_#^#(,A___________________________________________ `________ M______________________^__OP_@R#(?___________________________ M_______________P`/______________________________O_[\/X,@R'__ M________________________________________\ #_________________ M____________[Y_>?#__________________________________________ M______ `______________________________ ?X'X_________________ M_______________________________P`/__________________________ M___X/_#_O_______________________________________________\ #_ M____________________________________________________________ M______________________ `____________________________________ M_______________________________________________P`/__________ M____________________________________________________________ M____________\ #_____________________________________________ M______________________________________ `____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M___P`/______________________________________________________ M____________________________\ #_____________________________ M______________________________________________________ `____ M____________________________________________________________ M___________________P`/______________________________________ M____________________________________________\ #_____________ M________________!^ P?X& @__________________________[________ M__________ `_____________________________X_Y^/X^X\?_________ M________________^__________________P`/______________________ M______^/^?C^/N/'__________________________O_________________ M\ #_____________________________C_GX_'_CQ___________________ M_______X^ ________________ `_____________________________X_Y M^/Q_X\?@#_______________________^! 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M___________________________________^_P`____'C__P`/__________ M____________________________________________________________ M_O\`/___QX__\ #_____________________________________________ M__________________________X_@'___#_/__ `____________________ M___________________________________________________\#\/__X/_ MS__P`/__________________________O___________________________ M______________________\`____\ #__________________________[__ M________________________________________________`/____ `____ M______________________^____@````'___________________________ M_____________X '___P`/______________________________________ MX _____________________________________\`$__\ #_____________ M___________________________/________________________________ M_____P`/__ `________________________________________S_______ M_______________________________X#__P`/______________________ M_________________\______________________________________^ __ M\ #________________________________________/________________ 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#__________\'W_^'P?____?_______[_Y_G'C^]X/[___________ M_________W_\______W_?[__?P?/__ `___________X/__ _/____W_____ M__^_^?YS[_C>3^__O_________________]__/_____\```__W_?S__P`/__ M________^#__P/S____]________O_G^<^_XWD_O_[__________________ M?_S______ ``/_]_W\__\ #___________X?_]Q_?____?_________YCGWO M^-G/[_^__________________W________P``#__```/__ `__________S_ MQ__>#W____W_______^_^?Y\X_O7S^__O_________________\/_______\ M```__P``#__P`/_________\_^?_WP=____]__________G^?O/[Q\_O_[__ M________________`/_______?__O_\```__\ #__________/_G_]\'?___ M_?_________Y_G[S^\?/[_^__________________P#_______W__[__```/ M__ `__________S_Y__?!W____W_________^?Y^\_O'S^__O___________ M______\`_______]__^__P``#__P`/_________\``?_[X!__X/]____0___ MO_G^?//GS\_O_[__________________8#_______?__O_]__\__\ #_____ M_____/_W_\'P__^__?__`$'__[______/_____^___________________,' M____________?__/__ `__________S_]_______O_W_X/\/T?___@'_____ M____O__________________SP/________^________P`/____________?_ MW______]_P?____\?____Y] ```!_[__________________\^/_________ MO_]__\__\ #____________W_]_______?\'_____'____^?0 ```?^_____ M______________/C_________[__?__/__ `____________!__?____O_WX M_____________________0`_______________]S'_______P `__W__S__P M`/__________P/?_SX#__[__Y_______________________O___________ M__?_8/_______C__O_\```__\ #__________\#W_\^ __^__^?_________ M_____________[_____________W_V#_______X__[__```/__ `________ M__P____!`'____^/__________________^#________________]_\?____ M___^__^__P``#__P`/_________\/___P0!_____C___________________ M@_________________?_'________O__O_\```__\ #__________ ?___!_ M?____'____________________/__[__________^ `'_W________W_____ M```/__ `___________ -__^?W____ ``, ``'______________?_______ M______X/]_]__/_____]_____W__S__P`/__________^ ?_WW]____C____ M____@ '__________S______________!_?_?_S______?____]__\__\ #_ M__________\'_]]_?___S_____________________________________#_ M_P``______W__[_____/__ `____________!__??W___\______________ M_______________________P__\``/_____]__^_____S__P`/__________ MX/?_P !____?_____________________^'_____________^'__``#_____ M_/__O____X__\ #__________!___\ `?___O_______________________ M____________^_\'_W_\______X``#____\/__ `__________P?___ `'__ M_[____________________________________O_!_]__/_____^```_____ M#__P`/_________\!___W_]___Q_______________________\_________ M___[_X?_?_S______@``/___X,__\ #__________ ?__]__?__\?_______ M________________/___________^_^'_W_\______X``#___^#/__ `____ M_______ -__?_W__^'_______________________S____________@`!_]_ M________P `___\?S__P`/__________^ ?_W_]___O___________G_____ M___________________[__?_?___________O__\____\ #____________' M_]__?__W____________________________________^__W_Q^#________ M_[__@_____ `____________]__ `'__Q_________________________'_ M______________\#`/_____]_____P#____P`/____________?_P !__\?_ M_______________________Q________________`P#______?____\`____ M\ #______________\ `?_]/________________________\?__________ M_P#__^!\______W_____@ ?/__ `_______________ `'__3___________ M______________'___________\`___@?/_____]_____X 'S__P`/______ M____P#__W_]__S____________X!_______________________\``___'S_ M_____/^#___\`,__\ #__________P`/_]__?_\____________Y___L```` M#____G___________/\/_W]\______P_`'___P`/__ `__________\`#__? M_W__/___________^?__[ ````____Y___________S_#_]_?/_____\/P!_ M__\`#__P`/__________/\__W____P@````'______G__________Z `?___ M_______[__?_?WS______@@`/___^ __\ #__________/_W_\/___]_____ M_\ ````!________________________^__W_P``______\`?#____\/__ ` M__________S_]__ ____/___________^?________________________O_ M]_\``/______P/^_____S__P`/_________\__?_T ___S____________G_ M____________O__________[__?_?_S_______#_O____\__\ #_________ M_/_W_] /__\____________Y_____________[__________^__W_W_\____ M___P_[_____/__ `__________S_]__]`__^/___________^?__________ M__^___________S_#_]__/_____]^/^________P`/_________\__?__0/_ M_C____________G_____________O__________\_P__?_S______?C_O___ M____\ #__________S_/__WP?_Y____________Y_____________S______ M_____ `/__________WX_[________ `__________\`#__]^/_^O_______ M____^?____________^/__________\`___P'______\```________P`/__ M________``___?C__K____________G_____________C___________`/__ M\!_______ ``/_______\ #__________\ __]T'__Y____________Y____ M_________\_______________X #______P``#________ `____________ M___0___^?___________^?_____________/__________O_]_^/X______\ M```________P`/_________\__?_S____G____________G_____________ MS__________[__?_?_S______?__O_______\ #__________/_W_]____Y_ M___________Y_____________\__________^ `'_W_\______W__[______ M__ `__________S_]__?___^?___________^?_____________/________ M__@`!_]__/_____]__^________P`/_________\__?_W____G__________ M__G_____________S__________X``?_?_S______?__O_______\ #_____ M_____ `'__^ __Y__________________________\__________^ `'_W_\ M________^#________ `__________P`!___`'__?_________P``?______ M_______/__________O_]_]__/________^________P`/_________\^??_ M_W]__W_______________X ``'______3__________[__?_C^/_________ MO_______\ #__________/GW__]_?_]_______________^ ``!______T__ M________^__W_X_C_________[________ `___________Y___??W__?___ M___________________X/_\/______________^ `______]__^________P M`/__________^?__WW]__W_______________________[__#___________ M_P?_\!_______?__O_______\ #__________/GW_\ `?_\_____________ M__________^__S__________^__W__________P``#________ `________ M__P`!__ `'__/_____X```!_____________O_\___________O_]_______ M___\```________P`/_________\``?_P !__S_____^````?___________ M_[__/__________[__?__________ ``/_______\ #__________ `'_\ ` M?_\______@```'____________^__S__________^__W__________P``#__ M______ `__________P`!__?_W__O_P```#____^````#_______O_^_____ M______@`!___X/_____\```________P`/_________\__?_W_]__X_^?__^ M___________@`#___[__O__________X``?_?_S______?__O_______\ #_ M_________/_W_______/_G___O____________^___^ 'S__________^__W M_W_\______W__[________ `__________S_]_______S_Y___[_________ M____O___@!\___________O_]_]__/_____]__^________P`/__________ M_________\?^?__^_____________[___[__?__________[__?_``#_____ M____O_______\ #__________Q\'_______W_G___O____________^___^_ M_G____________\'_P``_________[________ `__________P'[_______ M^_Y___[_____________O_____[_______________]__/________@_____ M___P`/_________\!^________O^?__^_____________[_____^________ M________?_S________X/_______\ #__________ ?O_______[_G___O__ M__________^______O_______________W_\________^#________ `____ M______S!]_______^'Y___[_____________O_____#_______________]_ M_/_________________P`/_________\X/?_P_A___Q^?________A______ M_[_____Q___________^_@?__^#_________________\ #__________/@W M_]__?___OG___O____X?______^_____X?___________?\/____________ M__________ `__________]^!__ M?________________[_____/___________[_X__?___________________ M\ #__________!\/_]]_?___[_________O_______^_____W___________ M^__W_P____________________ `_______________??W____/________G M___S____O____S____________O_]_\`___________________P`/______ M________P !____\?___________@____[____[____________[__?_8#__ M________________\ #______________\ `?____'___________X/___^_ M___^____________^__W_V ___________________ `_______________ M`'____Q___________^#____O____O____________O_]_]@/___________ M_______P`/______________P !____^```!___\?___\?___[____W_____ M_______\_P__\P?_________________\ #______________]__?____^?_ M____\_____S___^____#_____________ `/__/ __________________ ` M_______________?_W_____X_____Q______?___@ #_'_____________\` M___SX__________________P`/_______________________P?___!_____ M_X___[___'__________________<^____________________Q__/______________ M___P`/_________\__?_X?#________'/C^.+^A\./XS['P_\G______ M______________^ `__________________P`/_________\!___WW]_____ M___'CB_H?#C^,^Q\/_)_____________________@ /_________________ M\ #__________(#__]]_?_______QXX_\'PX_C_P?#YS________________ M______ ?__________________ `___________8'__??W_______\>./O/\ M./X^\/\8<^_________________________________________P`/______ M____WP?_P !_______\`/ #[^ '\`/S_QD /________________________ M________________\ #__________]_/_\ `?_______________________ M_____________________P_@__________________ `___________?S__ M`'____________________________________________\/X/__________ M_______P`/__________W\__P !_________________________________ M____________#^#_________________\ #__________-@__]__?_______ M_____________________________________W_\__________________ ` M__________R'___?_W__________________________________________ M__]P'/_________________P`/_________\?_______________________ M____________________________?WS_________________\ #_________ M_'___________________________________________________W]\____ M______________ `__________S_________________________________ M__________________]_?/_________________P`/__________________ M____________________________________________``#_____________ M____\ #_____________________________________________________ M_________P``__________________ `____________________________ M__________________________________]__/_________________P`/__ M____________________________________________________________ M?_S_________________\ #_____________________________________ M_________________________W_\__________________ `____________ M__________________________________________________]__/______ M___________P`/______________________________________________ M____________________________________\ #_____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M__ `________________________________________________________ M___________________________P`/______________________________ M____________________________________________________\ #_____ M____________________________________________________________ M__________________ `________________________________________ M___________________\?______________________P`/______________ M____________________________________________________________ M________\ #_________________________________________________ M__________________________________ `________________________ M___________________________________________________________P M`/__________________________________________________________ M________________________\ #_________________________________ M__________________________________________________ `________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______________P`/__________________________________________ M________________________________________\ #_________________ M____________________________________________________________ M______ `____________________________________________________ M_______________________________P`/__________________________ M________________________________________________________\ #_ M____________________________________________________________ M______________________ `____________________________________ M_______________________________________________P`/__________ M____________________________________________________________ M____________\ #_____________________________________________ M______________________________________ `____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M___P`/______________________________________________________ M____________________________\ #_____________________________ M______________________________________________________ `____ M____________________________________________________________ M___________________P`/______________________________________ M____________________________________________\ #_____________ M____________________________________________________________ M__________ `________________________________________________ M___________________________________P`/______________________ M____________________________________________________________ M\ #_________________________________________________________ M__________________________ `________________________________ M___________________________________________________P`/______ M____________________________________________________________ M________________\ #_________________________________________ M__________________________________________ `________________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______P`/__________________________________________________ M________________________________\ #_________________________ M__________________________________________________________ ` M____________________________________________________________ M_______________________P`/__________________________________ M________________________________________________\ #_________ M____________________________________________________________ M______________ `____________________________________________ M_______________________________________P`/__________________ M____________________________________________________________ M____\ #_____________________________________________________ M______________________________ `____________________________ M_______________________________________________________P`/__ M____________________________________________________________ M____________________\ #_____________________________________ M______________________________________________ `____________ M____________________________________________________________ M___________P`/______________________________________________ M____________________________________\ #_____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M__ `________________________________________________________ M___________________________P`/______________________________ M____________________________________________________\ #_____ M____________________________________________________________ M__________________ `________________________________________ M___________________________________________P`/______________ M____________________________________________________________ M________\ #_________________________________________________ M__________________________________ `________________________ M___________________________________________________________P M`/__________________________________________________________ M________________________\ #_________________________________ M__________________________________________________ `________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______________P`/__________________________________________ M________________________________________\ #_________________ M____________________________________________________________ M______ `____________________________________________________ M_______________________________P`/__________________________ M________________________________________________________\ #_ M____________________________________________________________ M______________________ `____________________________________ M_______________________________________________P`/__________ M____________________________________________________________ M____________\ #_____________________________________________ M______________________________________ `____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M___P`/______________________________________________________ M____________________________\ #_____________________________ M______________________________________________________ `____ M____________________________________________________________ M___________________P`/______________________________________ M____________________________________________\ #_____________ M____________________________________________________________ M__________ `________________________________________________ M___________________________________P`/______________________ M____________________________________________________________ M\ #_________________________________________________________ M__________________________ `________________________________ M___________________________________________________P`/______ M____________________________________________________________ M________________\ #_________________________________________ M__________________________________________ `________________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______P`/__________________________________________________ M________________________________\ #_________________________ M__________________________________________________________ ` M____________________________________________________________ M_______________________P`/__________________________________ M________________________________________________\ #_________ M____________________________________________________________ M______________ `____________________________________________ M_______________________________________P`/__________________ M____________________________________________________________ M____\ #_____________________________________________________ M______________________________ `____________________________ M_______________________________________________________P`/__ M____________________________________________________________ M____________________\ #_____________________________________ M______________________________________________ `____________ M____________________________________________________________ M___________P`/______________________________________________ M____________________________________\ #_____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M__ `________________________________________________________ M___________________________P`/______________________________ M____________________________________________________\ #_____ M____________________________________________________________ M__________________ `________________________________________ M___________________________________________P`/______________ M____________________________________________________________ M________\ #_________________________________________________ M__________________________________ `________________________ M___________________________________________________________P M`/__________________________________________________________ M________________________\ #_________________________________ M__________________________________________________ `________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______________P`/__________________________________________ M________________________________________\ #_________________ M____________________________________________________________ M______ `____________________________________________________ M_______________________________P`/__________________________ M________________________________________________________\ #_ M____________________________________________________________ M______________________ `____________________________________ M_______________________________________________P`/__________ M____________________________________________________________ M____________\ #_____________________________________________ M______________________________________ `____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M___P`/______________________________________________________ M____________________________\ #_____________________________ M______________________________________________________ `____ M____________________________________________________________ M___________________P`/______________________________________ M____________________________________________\ #_____________ M____________________________________________________________ M__________ `________________________________________________ M___________________________________P`/______________________ M____________________________________________________________ M\ #_________________________________________________________ M__________________________ `________________________________ M___________________________________________________P`/______ M____________________________________________________________ M________________\ #_________________________________________ M__________________________________________ `________________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______P`/__________________________________________________ M________________________________\ #_________________________ M__________________________________________________________ ` M____________________________________________________________ M_______________________P`/__________________________________ M________________________________________________\ #_________ M____________________________________________________________ M______________ `____________________________________________ M_______________________________________P`/__________________ M____________________________________________________________ M____\ #_____________________________________________________ M______________________________ `____________________________ M_______________________________________________________P`/__ M____________________________________________________________ M____________________\ #_____________________________________ M______________________________________________ `____________ M____________________________________________________________ M___________P`/______________________________________________ M____________________________________\ #_____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M__ `________________________________________________________ M___________________________P`/______________________________ M____________________________________________________\ #_____ M____________________________________________________________ M__________________ `________________________________________ M___________________________________________P`/______________ M____________________________________________________________ M________\ #_________________________________________________ ;__________________________________ ` ` end From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Sun Apr 04 23:00:00 1999 Path: biosci!fcrdcnews.NCIFCRF.GOV!washdc3-snf1!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.gtei.net!newsfeed.cwix.com!130.185.14.36!torn!news1.bellglobal.com!news21.bellglobal.com.POSTED!not-for-mail From: spice-girls@tmp.net Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: SPICE GIRLS * Scary * Baby * Posh * Sporty * Ginger * 11350 Message-ID: <05049915.3028@tmp.net> Organization: Spice Girls Naked !!! Distribution: World Reply-To: spice-girls@topfreesex.com Lines: 3 Date: Mon, 05 Apr 1999 19:31:51 GMT NNTP-Posting-Host: 209.226.102.127 X-Trace: news21.bellglobal.com 923340711 209.226.102.127 (Mon, 05 Apr 1999 15:31:51 EDT) NNTP-Posting-Date: Mon, 05 Apr 1999 15:31:51 EDT Free Spice Girls Pics at http://Www.TopFreeSex.Com Y4rkWzjZr+ffP8g4JbB`HO"gcXxr@f7A:NTm9;L\S-Hh1RH6m# $z*i]iDZYu"'rC]Q5os>nv5Gk)lT*PN%_#dk?l&t From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Sun Apr 04 23:00:00 1999 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.berkeley.edu!cyclone.bc.net!unixg.ubc.ca!not-for-mail From: "J. Christian Hesketh" Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: Need help with Junction Potentials Date: Mon, 05 Apr 1999 16:04:30 -0700 Organization: University of British Columbia Lines: 14 Message-ID: <3709417D.C21BF28B@interchange.ubc.ca> NNTP-Posting-Host: lab1.biochem.ubc.ca Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; U) X-Accept-Language: en Hello, I am calculating junction potentials for internal and external solutions containing high cesium and high NMDG+ respectively. My question is: what is the ionic mobility of NMDG?? I cannot find this value anywhere (checked CRC/Hille/Merck) and I was wondering if someone could tell me this value?? I would like it relative to the mobility of K+ (value of 1.0), however any format would be helpful. Thanks in advance, J. Christian Hesketh - University of British Columbia http://members.xoom.com/IonChannel/ From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Tue Apr 06 23:00:00 1999 Path: biosci!news.stanford.edu!newsfeed.stanford.edu!logbridge.uoregon.edu!europa.clark.net!209.44.33.119!hub1.ispnews.com!news14.ispnews.com.POSTED!not-for-mail Message-ID: <370AD038.28398815@wireco.net> From: Mike Houchins X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win95; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: Bacteriorhodopsin... Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Lines: 9 NNTP-Posting-Host: 206.107.119.109 X-Trace: news14.ispnews.com 923455676 206.107.119.109 (Tue, 06 Apr 1999 23:27:56 EDT) NNTP-Posting-Date: Tue, 06 Apr 1999 23:27:56 EDT Date: Tue, 06 Apr 1999 23:25:44 -0400 Does anyone know of a commercial source for bacteriorhodopsin or for Halobacterium salinarium (one of the bacteria that contain the protein). I can grow my own but it sure would save time if I could buy the stuff ready to go. Post to group or E-mail MikeH@wireco.net Thanks in advance for any info. From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Tue Apr 06 23:00:00 1999 From: "Clive Delmonte" Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: DNA Structure: Puzzle #10 (Version 2) Date: Wed, 7 Apr 1999 10:52:20 +0100 Lines: 38 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.7.225.91 Message-ID: <370b28c9.0@news.netdirect.net.uk> X-Trace: 7 Apr 1999 10:43:37 GMT, 195.7.225.91 Path: biosci!news.stanford.edu!newsfeed.stanford.edu!news-feed.inet.tele.dk!bofh.vszbr.cz!newsfeed.tli.de!newsfeed.nacamar.de!peer.news.nildram.co.uk!news-peer.netdirect.net.uk!news.netdirect.net.uk!195.7.225.91 More Fun with Z-DNA Chen (32) reported that methylated poly(dC.dG) x 2 existed in the Z form at both low and high salt concentrations, and that both of these forms were interconvertible into a B form at intermediate salt concentrations. A rather similar sequence of interconversions, of Z to A and then on to a further Z form was reported by Wu & Behe (33) as they raised the salt concentration monotonically from low to high values in their study. Are we to consider that all of these interconvertible transitions were of left going to right and then back to left-handed forms as the salt concentration was raised ? In Puzzle #8, The Crystallographers' Paradox, we saw how the proposition that Z, A and B forms had the same helical handedness allowed an explanation of the results of fibre transitions of B to Z, and also those of Miller et al. (Puzzle #9) for the much accelerated B to Z transition with DNA when around nucleosomal cores. For refs. 32 and 33 we can consider as a working hypothesis that there are several right-handed "Z" forms (both based on Hoogsteen pairing), rather as there are several right-handed forms (A & B) based on Watson-Crick pairing, and it is one of these several Z forms which lie on each side of the B and A forms reported respectively in refs. 32 and 33. ------------------------------------------------------------- 32 Conformational Lability of Poly(dG.5 methyl dC); Fu-Ming Chen; Nucl Acids Res Vol 14 (1986) 5081 - 5097 33 Salt-induced Z-A-Z transition sequence in the mixed ribo-deoxyribo copolymer poly (rG-dC); H.-Y. Wu & M.J. Behe; Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) Vol 81 (1984) 7284 - 7287 -------------------------------------------------------------- Clive Delmonte From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Wed Apr 07 23:00:00 1999 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.berkeley.edu!newsfeed.tli.de!newsfeed.nacamar.de!rz.uni-karlsruhe.de!fu-berlin.de!vanni.dialup.fu-berlin.DE!not-for-mail From: Datan GmbH Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: Time series analysis software Date: Thu, 08 Apr 1999 12:47:27 +0200 Organization: Datan Software & Analyse GmbH Lines: 25 Message-ID: <370C893F.C57EA132@datan.de> NNTP-Posting-Host: vanni.dialup.fu-berlin.de (130.133.221.16) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Access: 16 17 18 X-Trace: fu-berlin.de 923568449 14384 (none) 130.133.221.16 X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (X11; I; Linux 2.0.36 i586) X-Accept-Language: en If you are looking for scientific time series and data analysis software providing e.g. - analysis of biophysical or biomedical signals (ECG, EEG, blood pressure etc.) - detection and investigation of rhythms and synchronisation - correlation and coupling analysis - statistical tests and modeling - linear and nonlinear dynamics - numerous types of spectra and time-frequency spectra - hundreds of standard features for signal handling and processing - a convenient graphical user interface - an easy-to-learn macro language for implementing user-defined algorithms you might be interested in the new release of Dataplore 2.0. Further information and downloads under http://datan.de/dataplore Best regards, Dr. Ralf Vandenhouten Datan Software & Analysis From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Wed Apr 07 23:00:00 1999 Path: biosci!candseek.com!915608 From: 915608@candseek.com Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: JOBOP RES ASSOC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Date: 8 Apr 1999 07:30:22 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 67 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199904081430.HAA12402@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Since your email address was listed on a related web site page or database, I thought you might help. I am seeking an individual within the following conditions: a research associate to work for a bio-tech company that is developing novel therapeutic products including interventional therapeutics, cancer vaccines and blood cell growth factors for the treatment of cancer and cancer-related disorders. 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From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Wed Apr 07 23:00:00 1999 From: "Clive Delmonte" Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics Subject: DNA Structure: Puzzle #11 (Version 1) Date: Thu, 8 Apr 1999 15:46:27 +0100 Lines: 1023 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.7.227.158 Message-ID: <370cbf50.0@news.netdirect.net.uk> X-Trace: 8 Apr 1999 15:38:08 GMT, 195.7.227.158 Path: biosci!fcrdcnews.NCIFCRF.GOV!washdc3-snf1!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.gtei.net!portc02.blue.aol.com!portc01.blue.aol.com!news-peer.gip.net!news-lond.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newspeer.clara.net!news.clara.net!peer.news.nildram.co.uk!news-peer.netdirect.net.uk!news.netdirect.net.uk!195.7.227.158 The Unwinding Problem of Duplex DNA in Solutions Alexander & Stacey (34) have reported that duplex DNA will denature and separate into individual strands at room temperature in dilute aqueous solutions of urea (less than 0.003%). Aqueous urea is known to break the hydrogen bonds in base pairs. Another team reported that the relative molecular mass of duplex RNA could be halved solely by diluting a concentrated aqueous solution with water alone at room temperature. Heat would not seem to have provided the energy for the denaturation of these complexes and there seems to be minimal entanglement of the strands. The difficulty of unwinding a double helix was foreseen some 45 years ago when Max Delbruck, 1969 Nobel Prizewinner for Molecular Biology, wrote to his student, Jim Watson in 1953: "These (the two DNA strands) would have to be untwiddled to separate the threads...In any event, one must postulate that the DNA opens up in some manner, both for replication and for doing its business otherwise. In the structure you describe (the double helix) this opening up is opposed by both the two hydrogen bonds per nucleotide, and by the interlocking of the helices, and it becomes a very important consideration to find a way out of this dilemma, or to think of a modification of the structure that does not involve interlocking." Delbruck's prescience stands out across the years. A true side-by-side model, sketched in the attachment, and independently reported by Lee et al. (SCIENCE 244 (1989) 475 - 477 (Figures 3b and 3d)) allows the strands to drift apart, driven by phosphate ion repulsions and Brownian motion, after the hydrogen bonding of the base pairs has been disrupted. ------------------------------------------------------------ 34 Recent Work On Nucleic Acids; Contribution by P. Alexander & K.A. 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M_______________________P__\``/_____]__^_____S__P`/__________ MX/?_P !____?_____________________^'_____________^'__``#_____ M_/__O____X__\ #__________!___\ `?___O_______________________ M____________^_\'_W_\______X``#____\/__ `__________P?___ `'__ M_[____________________________________O_!_]__/_____^```_____ M#__P`/_________\!___W_]___Q_______________________\_________ M___[_X?_?_S______@``/___X,__\ #__________ ?__]__?__\?_______ M________________/___________^_^'_W_\______X``#___^#/__ `____ M_______ -__?_W__^'_______________________S____________@`!_]_ M________P `___\?S__P`/__________^ ?_W_]___O___________G_____ M___________________[__?_?___________O__\____\ #____________' M_]__?__W____________________________________^__W_Q^#________ M_[__@_____ `____________]__ `'__Q_________________________'_ M______________\#`/_____]_____P#____P`/____________?_P !__\?_ M_______________________Q________________`P#______?____\`____ M\ #______________\ `?_]/________________________\?__________ 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M_P?_\!_______?__O_______\ #__________/GW_\ `?_\_____________ M__________^__S__________^__W__________P``#________ `________ M__P`!__ `'__/_____X```!_____________O_\___________O_]_______ M___\```________P`/_________\``?_P !__S_____^````?___________ M_[__/__________[__?__________ ``/_______\ #__________ `'_\ ` M?_\______@```'____________^__S__________^__W__________P``#__ M______ `__________P`!__?_W__O_P```#____^````#_______O_^_____ M______@`!___X/_____\```________P`/_________\__?_W_]__X_^?__^ M___________@`#___[__O__________X``?_?_S______?__O_______\ #_ M_________/_W_______/_G___O____________^___^ 'S__________^__W M_W_\______W__[________ `__________S_]_______S_Y___[_________ M____O___@!\___________O_]_]__/_____]__^________P`/__________ M_________\?^?__^_____________[___[__?__________[__?_``#_____ M____O_______\ #__________Q\'_______W_G___O____________^___^_ M_G____________\'_P``_________[________ `__________P'[_______ M^_Y___[_____________O_____[_______________]__/________@_____ M___P`/_________\!^________O^?__^_____________[_____^________ M________?_S________X/_______\ #__________ ?O_______[_G___O__ M__________^______O_______________W_\________^#________ `____ M______S!]_______^'Y___[_____________O_____#_______________]_ M_/_________________P`/_________\X/?_P_A___Q^?________A______ M_[_____Q___________^_@?__^#_________________\ #__________/@W M_]__?___OG___O____X?______^_____X?___________?\/____________ M__________ `__________]^!__ M?________________[_____/___________[_X__?___________________ M\ #__________!\/_]]_?___[_________O_______^_____W___________ M^__W_P____________________ `_______________??W____/________G M___S____O____S____________O_]_\`___________________P`/______ M________P !____\?___________@____[____[____________[__?_8#__ M________________\ #______________\ `?____'___________X/___^_ M___^____________^__W_V ___________________ `_______________ M`'____Q___________^#____O____O____________O_]_]@/___________ M_______P`/______________P !____^```!___\?___\?___[____W_____ M_______\_P__\P?_________________\ #______________]__?____^?_ M____\_____S___^____#_____________ `/__/ __________________ ` M_______________?_W_____X_____Q______?___@ #_'_____________\` M___SX__________________P`/_______________________P?___!_____ M_X___[___'__________________<^____________________Q__/______________ M___P`/_________\__?_X?#________'/C^.+^A\./XS['P_\G______ M______________^ `__________________P`/_________\!___WW]_____ M___'CB_H?#C^,^Q\/_)_____________________@ /_________________ M\ #__________(#__]]_?_______QXX_\'PX_C_P?#YS________________ M______ ?__________________ `___________8'__??W_______\>./O/\ M./X^\/\8<^_________________________________________P`/______ M____WP?_P !_______\`/ #[^ '\`/S_QD /________________________ M________________\ #__________]_/_\ `?_______________________ M_____________________P_@__________________ `___________?S__ M`'____________________________________________\/X/__________ M_______P`/__________W\__P !_________________________________ M____________#^#_________________\ #__________-@__]__?_______ M_____________________________________W_\__________________ ` M__________R'___?_W__________________________________________ M__]P'/_________________P`/_________\?_______________________ M____________________________?WS_________________\ #_________ M_'___________________________________________________W]\____ M______________ `__________S_________________________________ M__________________]_?/_________________P`/__________________ M____________________________________________``#_____________ M____\ #_____________________________________________________ M_________P``__________________ `____________________________ M__________________________________]__/_________________P`/__ M____________________________________________________________ M?_S_________________\ #_____________________________________ M_________________________W_\__________________ `____________ M__________________________________________________]__/______ M___________P`/______________________________________________ M____________________________________\ #_____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M__ `________________________________________________________ M___________________________P`/______________________________ M____________________________________________________\ #_____ M____________________________________________________________ M__________________ `________________________________________ M___________________\?______________________P`/______________ M____________________________________________________________ M________\ #_________________________________________________ M__________________________________ `________________________ M___________________________________________________________P M`/__________________________________________________________ M________________________\ #_________________________________ M__________________________________________________ `________ M____________________________________________________________ M_______________P`/__________________________________________ M________________________________________\ #_________________ M____________________________________________________________ M______ `____________________________________________________ M_______________________________P`/__________________________ M________________________________________________________\ #_ M____________________________________________________________ M______________________ `____________________________________ M_______________________________________________P`/__________ M____________________________________________________________ M____________\ #_____________________________________________ M______________________________________ `____________________ M____________________________________________________________ M___P`/______________________________________________________ M____________________________\ #_____________________________ M______________________________________________________ `____ M____________________________________________________________ M___________________P`/______________________________________ M____________________________________________\ #_____________ M____________________________________________________________ M__________ `________________________________________________ M___________________________________P`/______________________ M____________________________________________________________ M\ #_________________________________________________________ M__________________________ `________________________________ M___________________________________________________P`/______ M____________________________________________________________ M________________\ #_________________________________________ M_________________________