From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 02 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: lstein@genome.wi.mit.edu (Lincoln Stein) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: RELEASE 10 OF WHITEHEAD/MIT MAP OF HUMAN GENOME Date: 3 Jun 1996 10:52:27 -0700 Organization: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Lines: 102 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <4op6h9$p49@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net ANNOUNCING: WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE/MIT CENTER FOR GENOME RESEARCH HUMAN GENOMIC MAPPING PROJECT DATA RELEASE 10 (MAY 1996) The tenth release of data from the Human Physical Mapping Project at the Whitehead Institute/MIT Genome Center, covering data generated through the end of May, 1996, is now available. This data release contains YAC screening data for 21,412 sequence tagged sites (STSs) screened on the CEPH mega-YAC library. For each STS, we report addresses for the YACs found to contain the STS. From the data obtained so far, there are 292 contigs assembled using single linkage between STSs. In addition, we also report a radiation hybrid map of the genome containing 11599 STS markers mapped on the Genebridge Panel, as well as integrations of the genetic, radiation hybrid and YAC contig maps. The data is available electronically in two ways. ANONYMOUS FTP: The entire data release is available as a set of Microsoft Excel files and tab-delimited ascii files on our ftp server. Using an ftp client (such as "Fetch" on the Macintosh), connect to ftp-genome.wi.mit.edu Use "anonymous" as your user name, and give your e-mail address as your password. The data files are present in the directory /distribution/human_STS_releases/may96. The contents are as follows: 5-96.INTRO.txt Introduction to the data release, in straight text format 5-96.INTRO.html The same in HTML (World Wide Web) format 5-96.STS2YAC.txt STS & YAC screening data as tab-delimited text. chromosomes/ The same, split into smaller chromosome-specific files 5-96.YAC2STS.txt Inverse map of YAC to STS screening data 5-96.CONTIG2STS.txt YAC contig lists. 5-96.CONTIG2STS.txt The same, inverted. 5-96.SEQUENCES.txt Full sequences of STSs developed in-house. 5-95.MAPPED.EST.txt Cross reference between ESTs, IMAGE clones and map positions. 5-96.ALIASES.txt Cross reference of STS names. pictures/ Pictures of integrated maps in Macintosh and PS forms. rhmap/ Radiation hybrid maps. The data is also available in compressed form using the gzip program. THE WORLD-WIDE WEB: You will need a World Wide Web client such as Mosaic (Unix, MS-Windows and Macintosh) or MacWeb (Macintosh). Instruct your client to connect to http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/ >From there, follow the "Human Physical Mapping Project" link. You will be able to browse and download the raw data set, view the individual and integrated maps, and to get information on the radiation hybrid and contig analyses. All mapped STSs are available through the Genome Database (GDB) and through GenBank. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS. If users have any questions or problems, please contact us at human_STS_help@genome.wi.mit.edu We invite suggestions about how to make these data release most useful. DATA RELEASE POLICY AND CITATION. Data releases are scheduled quarterly. At the end of each quarter, all genomic mapping data are reviewed and prepared for distribution via CGR's electronic databases. Data releases typically occur within a week of the close of the month. Releases are announced by electronic messages posted to the following two newsgroups: "bionet.genome.chromosomes" and "bionet.announce". CGR's data release policy aims to ensure that scientific colleagues have immediate access to information that may assist them in the search for genes. Data releases do not constitute scientific publication of CGR's work, but rather provide scientists with a regular look into our lab notebooks. For projects aimed at the analysis of particular genes or subchromosomal regions, permission is hereby granted to use our data without the need for a formal collaboration, subject only to appropriate acknowledgment. For projects aimed at large-scale mapping of entire chromosomes or entire genomes, use of the data and markers should be on a collaborative basis. The information for the human genome mapping project should be cited as: Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Human Physical Mapping Project, Data Release 10 (May 1996). -- Lincoln D. Stein Whitehead Institute/MIT Genome Center lstein@genome.wi.mit.edu Cambridge, MA 02142 http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/~lstein From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Jun 03 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!howland.reston.ans.net!EU.net!ieunet!web3.tcd.ie!cmegan.gen.tcd.ie!user From: dmachugh@mail.tcd.ie (David MacHugh) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: HGMP - current status? Date: Tue, 04 Jun 1996 13:18:26 +0000 Organization: Genetics Department, Trinity College, Dublin 2 Lines: 22 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: cmegan.gen.tcd.ie Hi, Just a quick query. Does anyone have a rough idea what the current status of the human genome linkage map is. In particular, I would like to know how many type I markers and how many type II markers have been identified and mapped. Thanks in advance, David MacHugh -- ********************************************************************* * (__) David MacHugh PhD, E-mail: dmachugh@mail.tcd.ie * * (@*) Bovine Genetics, Phone: (353)-1-6081088 * * /-------\u' Genetics Department, Fax: (353)-1-6798558 * * / | || Trinity College, * * ||----|| Dublin 2. * * ^^ ^^ Ireland. * ********************************************************************* From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Jun 04 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!hgmp.mrc.ac.uk!news From: Margaret Leversha Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts,bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: DNA fibre FISH blues Date: 5 Jun 1996 10:15:07 GMT Organization: The Sanger Centre Lines: 33 Message-ID: <4p3mnb$kno@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: t70-barramundi.sanger.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; PPC) X-URL: news:bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts/43427-43527?ALL Xref: biosci bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts:45353 bionet.genome.chromosomes:1204 I would like to hear about the experiences of FISH-mappers out there doing DNA fibre-FISH. Our experience is that it is extremely variable. I have had batches of test slides which were a dream to analyse, and have yet to get any more which approach that. Often, after analysing the whole slide, we have signals in all possible permuations! Often we find that less than 10% of slides prepared by alkaline lysis (Fidlerova et al., 1994) are worth even using for hybridisation. It seems that DNA release is so rapid that most of the DNA is lost off the slide. Treating the slides with poly-L-lysine or APES doesn't seem to help. Any suggestions, discussion would be greatly appreciated, but particularly addressing the following questions: 1. What method works best, and CONSISTENTLY? 2. How long did it take to get the technique working in your lab? 3. Does it give sensible results in experimental situations? (ie. can you interpret the data without prior knowledge of the result?) 4. What are the critical factors in getting the technique to work? Thanks in advance, Margaret Dr. Margaret A. Leversha The Sanger Centre Cambridge From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 06 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!nntp-trd.UNINETT.no!Norway.EU.net!nntp.uio.no!news.cais.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!howland.reston.ans.net!surfnet.nl!highway.leidenuniv.nl!usenet From: Hans Dauwerse Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts,bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: DNA fibre FISH blues Date: Fri, 07 Jun 1996 10:19:11 +0200 Organization: Leiden University, The Netherlands Lines: 31 Message-ID: <31B7E5FF.5B90@ruly46.medfac.leidenuniv.nl> References: <4p3mnb$kno@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: ruly79.medfac.leidenuniv.nl Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Macintosh; I; 68K) To: Margaret Leversha Xref: biosci bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts:45455 bionet.genome.chromosomes:1205 Hello Margaret Lets share some experiences with Fiber FISH. As you probably know here in Leiden the Halo technique was develloped. This is a good reproducible technique only it is very laborious. Therefore we tried the Dervish technique but this turned out to be very reproducible and one of the biggest disadvantages is that there are a lot of DNA breaks in the fibers giving rise to strange hyb results. DNA breaks are due to the force you put on the DNA after lysing the cells, for Dervish this is gravity, for the Fidlerova method this is the sliding of the coverslip. We have develloped a new method which is reproducible but there is always some variation between the slides. You can first DAPI stain the slides and look at them defore using. We use unfixed cells and a very gentle lysis method. We found out that coated slides are essential, APES gives the best results, else you lose to much DNA during the hybridization procedures. Denature the slides only 1-2 min.. Another striking observation is that certain areas on the slides give the nicest fibers in most cases at the edges, so try to probe the entire slide. For your point 2), this is difficult to answer. As we have quite a lot of experience with FISH it did not really take long to get things working. Adjusting protocols to our needs took us a couple of month. For point 3). Thats were you use it for, to find out new things. I allready answered point 4. If you are interested in the method you can email me. Hans From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Jun 07 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!newsfeed.internetmci.com!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: kabass@aol.com (KABass) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: * transloc chrom help please Date: 8 Jun 1996 09:07:17 -0400 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 19 Sender: root@newsbf02.news.aol.com Message-ID: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> Reply-To: kabass@aol.com (KABass) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 Q12). Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows the trait. She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 Q32 and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical to hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have published results if an abnormality had resulted. How do we find someone with the same translocation to determine what the effect may be on the child? She's in NYC so has access to some good doctors, but she's hoping someone from the 'net community may be able to offer some innovative ideas for how to approach this dilemma. Much thanks-- Tim Walter timothy@aspeninst.org or kabass@aol.com 202-736-5834 (day) From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 09 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!newsfeed.internetmci.com!csn!nntp-xfer-1.csn.net!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!ts40-11.homenet.ohio-state.edu!user From: snyder.9@osu.edu (Pam Snyder) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: Fri, 07 Jun 1996 23:13:46 -0500 Organization: Just me Lines: 29 Message-ID: References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ts40-11.homenet.ohio-state.edu In article <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com>, kabass@aol.com (KABass) wrote: > I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's > fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 Q12). > Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows the > trait. > > She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 Q32 > and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical to > hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have > published results if an abnormality had resulted. > > How do we find someone with the same translocation to determine what the > effect may be on the child? She's in NYC so has access to some good > doctors, but she's hoping someone from the 'net community may be able to > offer some innovative ideas for how to approach this dilemma. > > Much thanks-- > Tim Walter > timothy@aspeninst.org or kabass@aol.com > 202-736-5834 (day) I work in a molecular pathology lab, so am not of much help here. I will pass the question by our "sister" cytogenetics lab to see if they have any info. But I suppose that's where your friend got her info to begin with. A question though, why where chromosomes done on the fetus to begin with? An abnormal ultrasound? Maternal age? Questionable lab values? I might make a difference in a person's evaluation of the question From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 09 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!agate!spool.mu.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!news.ultranet.com!homer.alpha.net!uwm.edu!news.cse.psu.edu!rutgers!concert!newz.oit.unc.edu!usenet From: Ange-Marie Hancock Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: CONTIG GAPS -- REQUEST FOR INFO Date: 10 Jun 1996 14:16:38 GMT Organization: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Dept. of Poli Sci Lines: 33 Message-ID: <4phao6$2hm@newz.oit.unc.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: lccc-08.med.unc.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Windows; I; 16bit) Dear Human Genome Researchers, Our laboratory has developed strategies to bridge contig gaps occurring at human genomic regions which cannot be cloned and/or maintained faithfully in bacteria using the large cloning systems (PI/BAC/PAC, etc.). Such strategies derive from the original HAEC technology which allows direct cloning of DNA in human cells as Human Artificial Episomal Chromosomes (Nature Genetics 8:33-41, 1994; Methods in Molecular Genetics 8:167-188, 1996). We have now entered the phase of testing such technology for proof-of-concept. We will provide the human genome community with a resource to isolate and sequence refractory contig gaps. Hence, we are interested in hearing from the human genome community about persistent and refractory genomic gaps in order to identify potential candidates for the HAEC bridging technology. Suitable candidates are gaps which have been thoroughly tested on highly redundant large bacterial and yeast libraries and also shown to be missing in libraries prepared with different restriction enzymes. Interested human genome laboratories should send their e-mail reply to the attention of Jean-Michel Vos at the following address: angemari@gibbs.oit.unc.edu. Dr. Jean-Michel H. Vos 349 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine CB#7295 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295 Fax: 919-966-3015 Vos Lab web page: http://www.med.unc.edu/wrkunits/3ctrpgm/lccc/VOSlab From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 09 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uwm.edu!news.cse.psu.edu!rutgers!news.cis.ohio-state.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!ts40-11.homenet.ohio-state.edu!user From: snyder.9@osu.edu (Pam Snyder) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: Fri, 07 Jun 1996 23:15:01 -0500 Organization: Just me Lines: 3 Message-ID: References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ts40-11.homenet.ohio-state.edu that should read "it might make a difference ..... From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 09 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!agate!spool.mu.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!newsfeed.internetmci.com!chi-news.cic.net!cougar.olivet.edu!reed-006.olivet.edu!dginn From: dginn@olivet.edu Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Rat Type I collagen cDNA probe needed Date: Mon, 10 Jun 1996 14:38:10 +1000 Organization: Olivet Nazarene University Lines: 10 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: reed-006.olivet.edu X-Newsreader: Trumpet for Windows [Version 1.0 Rev B] Greetings, I am looking for a plasmid probe with a cDNA sequence for Rat Type I collagen gene [alpha1(I) and/or alpha2(I)]. Does anyone know where I could get ahold of this probe - either a company or a laboratory? Thanks a lot! Dwight Ginn Olivet Nazarene University From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 09 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!nntp-trd.UNINETT.no!nntp.uio.no!news.cais.net!news.structured.net!usenet From: m3995@jorsm.com (Eric W Blissmer) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: RECYCLE your used TYVEK coverall garments- we offer to buy them! Date: 10 Jun 1996 19:15:47 GMT Organization: JORSM Internet Lines: 26 Message-ID: <4phs93$cfq@news.structured.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: pm2s9.jorsm.com X-Newsreader: WinVN 0.92.6+ HELP PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT-- WHILE INCREASING YOUR PROFIT$... ========================================================== Reproce$$ Your TYVEK Coverall Garments. Miller's Precision Enterprises was founded in 1987 to recover disposable *Tyvek garments from the cleanroom industry. 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Email: m3995@jorsm.com Schererville, IN 46375 CHECK OUT OUR WEB PAGE FOR MORE INFO: http://crown.icongrp.com/~mpe/ From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 09 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!newsfeed.internetmci.com!chi-news.cic.net!nntp.coast.net!netnews.worldnet.att.net!ix.netcom.com!news From: hk-miami@ix.netcom.com(HK) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: 10 Jun 1996 20:38:21 GMT Organization: Netcom Lines: 34 Message-ID: <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: mia-fl7-21.ix.netcom.com X-NETCOM-Date: Mon Jun 10 3:38:21 PM CDT 1996 In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: > >I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's >fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 Q12). > Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows the >trait. > >She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 Q32 >and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical to >hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have >published results if an abnormality had resulted. > >How do we find someone with the same translocation to determine what the >effect may be on the child? She's in NYC so has access to some good >doctors, but she's hoping someone from the 'net community may be able to >offer some innovative ideas for how to approach this dilemma. > >Much thanks-- >Tim Walter >timothy@aspeninst.org or kabass@aol.com >202-736-5834 (day) ===================================================== If it's balanced, as they say it is, it shouldn't have any effect at all. The potential for problems would be in any child the affected individual may have (which can also be detected ahead of time by amnio). HK From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Jun 10 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!usenet From: faraco@cmgm.stanford.edu Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: Mon, 10 Jun 1996 18:32:36 -0700 Organization: Stanford University Lines: 44 Message-ID: <31BCCCB4.5496@cmgm.stanford.edu> References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: b203-pc.stanford.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02 (Win95; I) HK wrote: > > In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: > > > >I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's > >fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 > Q12). > > Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows > the > >trait. > > > >She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 > Q32 > >and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical > to > >hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have > >published results if an abnormality had resulted. > > > >How do we find someone with the same translocation to determine what > the > >effect may be on the child? She's in NYC so has access to some good > >doctors, but she's hoping someone from the 'net community may be able > to > >offer some innovative ideas for how to approach this dilemma. > > > >Much thanks-- > >Tim Walter > >timothy@aspeninst.org or kabass@aol.com > >202-736-5834 (day) > ===================================================== > If it's balanced, as they say it is, it shouldn't have any effect at > all. The potential for problems would be in any child the affected > individual may have (which can also be detected ahead of time by > amnio). > > HK I strongly disagree with the above, and think this was an irresponsible post. This isn't theory on a first year exam. This is a question of potential life or death of a real fetus. The real problem is that nobody can say whether this child will be normal. There isn't a simple way of determining whether, or how much DNA was lost during the translocation process. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Jun 10 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!med.ruu.nl!P.L.PEARSON From: P.L.PEARSON@med.ruu.nl (P.L.Pearson) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: translocations Date: 11 Jun 1996 06:09:22 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 20 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Dear Tim, Ignore the posting in reply to your question on the genetic risks of a new apparently balanced translocation in which it was stated that there was no increased risk. That is just NOT true. For a de novo "balanced" translocation there is a risk of congenital abnormalities somewhere between 5% and 10%. The reason for that is that the translocation may not be entirely balanced and may have gained or lost some genetic material below the resolving power of the light microscope. Another possibility is that the breakpoint could have gone right through a coding sequence which would almost certainly inactivate the gene concerned. The only way you can be reasonably certain that everything is ok if there is at least one normal, healthy being carrying an identical translocation and by identical I mean identical by inheritance (descent) and not just that the breakpoints are in the same location as other known balanced translocations. I agree with the last posting which stated that the advise you received was dangerous. Peter Pearson, Dept Human Genetics, Utrecht From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Jun 10 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!hgmp.mrc.ac.uk!plinehan From: plinehan@hgmp.mrc.ac.uk (Mr. P.F. Linehan) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: 11 Jun 1996 12:41:02 GMT Organization: MRC Human Genome Resource Centre Lines: 50 Message-ID: <4pjpgu$rqg@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: tin.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk In article <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> hk-miami@ix.netcom.com(HK) writes: .>In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: .>> .>>I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's .>>fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 .>Q12). .>> Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows .>the .>>trait. .>> .>>She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 .>Q32 .>>and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical .>to .>>hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have .>>published results if an abnormality had resulted. .>> .>>How do we find someone with the same translocation to determine what .>the .>>effect may be on the child? She's in NYC so has access to some good .>>doctors, but she's hoping someone from the 'net community may be able .>to .>>offer some innovative ideas for how to approach this dilemma. .>> .>>Much thanks-- .>>Tim Walter .>>timothy@aspeninst.org or kabass@aol.com .>>202-736-5834 (day) .>===================================================== .>If it's balanced, as they say it is, it shouldn't have any effect at .>all. The potential for problems would be in any child the affected .>individual may have (which can also be detected ahead of time by .>amnio). I'm not certain that this is absolutely true. One would have to be sure that the translocation had not occurred at or near an important gene. Given current knowledge, I don't think this is an easy one to call. Paul... .>HK From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Jun 11 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!lll-winken.llnl.gov!fnnews.fnal.gov!nntp-server.caltech.edu!news From: "Dr. Ung-Jin Kim" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: CalTech Genome Resaerch Laboratory hires people Date: Wed, 12 Jun 1996 15:06:56 -0700 Organization: Division of Biology, 147-75 Lines: 35 Message-ID: <31BF3F80.1953@caltech.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: date.tree.caltech.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (X11; I; SunOS 5.5 sun4u) Job 1: We are looking for a few lab assistants Caltech Genome Research Laboratory is looking for qualified full time technicians with experiences in laboratory works involving recombinant DNA procedures. Works will require skills in colony hybridization, PCR screening of genomic libraries, DNA preparation, restriction fingerprint analysis, and more. Positions are open immediately. A college degree in Biological sciences or other sciences required. Interested parties should send CV and salary requirement to Dr. Ung-Jin Kim Electronic submissions are welcome. Job 2: We are looking for a bioinformatician Caltech Genome Research Laboratory is looking for a full time informatician to manage and analyze laboratory data, and help operate robotic workstations. Knowledge and experieince in handling biological information, especially in the analysis and management of physcal mapping and DNA sequence data is essential. Familiarity with ACeDB database is desired. We also expect the person to be familiar with Unix server/workstations as well as PC/MacIntosh platforms. Interested parties should send CV and salary requirement/history to Dr. Kim. Electronic submissions are welcome. Caltech provides employees with excellent work environment and benefit packages. We will notify the applicants if an interview is necessary soon after reviewing their applications. Please check our WEB page http://www.tree.caltech.edu for your information on our projects. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Jun 11 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!nntp-trd.UNINETT.no!nntp.uio.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: avpistol@aol.com (AVPistol) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: 12 Jun 1996 00:39:35 -0400 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 9 Sender: root@newsbf02.news.aol.com Message-ID: <4plhm7$8kk@newsbf02.news.aol.com> References: <31BCCCB4.5496@cmgm.stanford.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com X-Newsreader: AOL Offline Reader In article <31BCCCB4.5496@cmgm.stanford.edu>, faraco@cmgm.stanford.edu writes: >There isn't a simple >way of determining whether, or how much DNA was lost during the >translocation process. Would it also be a concern that the change in position will affect the expression of some genes? At least near the break points? From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Jun 12 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!news.uoregon.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: kabass@aol.com (KABass) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: translocations Date: 13 Jun 1996 00:41:34 -0400 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 11 Sender: root@newsbf02.news.aol.com Message-ID: <4po65u$6sg@newsbf02.news.aol.com> References: Reply-To: kabass@aol.com (KABass) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com Thanks for the replies we've been receiving on the fetal translocated chromosome problem. It's wonderful to be able to ask questions of the scientific community in this way. Through the work of readers on this newsgroup (and their colleagues), I've heard replies (and corrections) from around the world leading to several experts and experimental options that Sherry's doctor's had not discussed with her. While I can't say what the overall impact will be of your input, it is empowering to tackle these tough questions knowing all avenues have been explored. Thanks again. Tim Walter kabass@aol.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 13 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!newsfeed.internetmci.com!uwm.edu!news-res.gsl.net!news.gsl.net!nntp.coast.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!pop.gnn.com!JUNCAR From: JUNCAR@gnn.com (CAROLYN GROSE) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: help retrieving old postings Date: Fri, 14 Jun 1996 10:55:26 Organization: GNN Lines: 3 Message-ID: <4pruet$9ri@news-e2d.gnn.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 13-63.client.gnn.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" X-GNN-NewsServer-Posting-Date: 14 Jun 1996 14:54:21 GMT X-Mailer: GNNmessenger 1.3 i mistakenly purged all postings before today. is there any way to get them back? i'm new at this. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 13 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!newsxfer2.itd.umich.edu!netnews.worldnet.att.net!ix.netcom.com!news From: hk-miami@ix.netcom.com(HK) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: help retrieving old postings Date: 14 Jun 1996 22:40:25 GMT Organization: Netcom Lines: 9 Message-ID: <4pspop$dmc@dfw-ixnews8.ix.netcom.com> References: <4pruet$9ri@news-e2d.gnn.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: mia-fl1-23.ix.netcom.com X-NETCOM-Date: Fri Jun 14 5:40:25 PM CDT 1996 In <4pruet$9ri@news-e2d.gnn.com> JUNCAR@gnn.com (CAROLYN GROSE) writes: > >i mistakenly purged all postings before today. is there any way to >get them back? i'm new at this. >========================================== doesn't it depend on which news reader you are using ?????? HK From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 13 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!pop.gnn.com!JUNCAR From: JUNCAR@gnn.com (CAROLYN GROSE) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: amniocentesis and hgp Date: Fri, 14 Jun 1996 11:30:27 Organization: GNN Lines: 6 Message-ID: <4ps0ge$7nj@news-e2b.gnn.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 9-84.client.gnn.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" X-GNN-NewsServer-Posting-Date: 14 Jun 1996 15:29:18 GMT X-Mailer: GNNmessenger 1.3 i am doing research on amniocentesis and the human genome project, particularly the ethical questions raised by the hgp in the context of abortion as a result of discovery of certain genes. any ideas on where to go for up to date, progressive information? thanks -- june bogen. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 15 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!colkin From: colkin@athena.mit.edu (Catherine B Olkin) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: balanced translocations and viable embryos Date: 16 Jun 1996 22:07:37 GMT Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lines: 49 Message-ID: <4q20j9$gin@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU> NNTP-Posting-Host: astron.mit.edu I also have a question about balanced translocations. In Feb 1996, I was about 20 weeks pregnant when I found out my baby would not live because she had too much genetic material. Please excuse my simplistic terms -- I am an astronomer not a geneticist. Tests of myself and my husband revealed that I have a balanced translocation of chromosomes 7 and 22. My daughter had too much chromosome #7. My husband has no chromosome problems, neither do my parents, therefore the mutation occured in me. From the genetic councelor, I learned that it is unlikely that anyone else in the world would have the exact same translocation (since my parents don't have it). The probabilities of having a child with the chromosome structure my daughter had was quoted to me as 1/10000 even given my translocation. Also I learned that only 50% of my eggs would be viable. Now my husband and I have been trying to concieve for a year and my doctor is recommending IUI (intrauterine insemination). I was thinking maybe I should just have IVF since the zygote could be tested before implantation to be sure it is viable. I know this is not an infertility newsgroup, but the heart of the matter concerns the chances of having a viable baby given my translocation. If I am the only person with my translocation, then there seems to be a large uncertainty in any quoted probabilities because they would be derived from a distinctly different sample group. So how could one know that all of my eggs will not be non-viable? One other bit of history: in the spring of 1994 I had a miscarriage which is now being attributed to my translocation. I would appreciate any opinions or suggestions. Thanks, Cathy PS. I have never posted to a newsgroup before, I hope this works. I have been reading this one for about 8 months though. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 15 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.OZ.AU!news.mel.connect.com.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!nntp.coast.net!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!usenet.ucs.indiana.edu!sunflower.bio.indiana.edu!gilbertd From: gilbertd@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu (Don Gilbert) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: help retrieving old postings Date: 14 Jun 1996 18:10:40 GMT Organization: Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington Lines: 14 Message-ID: <4ps9v0$3lg@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu> References: <4pruet$9ri@news-e2d.gnn.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: sunflower.bio.indiana.edu Depending on your news browser software, you may be able to change a setting in it to see older news, but typically only a week or two old. The best places to find older bionet postings are at bionet archives, http://www.bio.net/ or http://iubio.bio.indiana.edu/ (also available thru ftp and gopher) Look for the sections of bionet news in either of these. They go back several years, and include the most recent articles as well. -- don -- -- d.gilbert--biocomputing--indiana u--bloomington--gilbertd@bio.indiana.edu From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 16 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!hgmp.mrc.ac.uk!plinehan From: plinehan@hgmp.mrc.ac.uk (Mr. P.F. Linehan) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: layman questions Date: 17 Jun 1996 12:31:29 GMT Organization: MRC Human Genome Resource Centre Lines: 30 Message-ID: <4q3j71$21g@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> References: <4q3g32$62n@grissom.powerup.com.au> NNTP-Posting-Host: tin.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk In article <4q3g32$62n@grissom.powerup.com.au> immortal@powerup.com.au writes: >if someone could answer these questions it would be appreciated > >1.is a persons genetic blueprint in every cell of the body ?? As a general rule yes. Red blood cells are the obvious exception. They start out with nuclei but these are expelled as the rbc matures. >2.if this is so does it include hair nails saliva blood (outside of the >body) Nails, AFIK are deposits of keratin, so one would not expect to find DNA "in" nails. On the surface of nails and underneath there is certainly DNA (scratching &c) belonging to the individual. >3again if this is so does the blue print remain and for how long ? Life generally (except for rbc's). Paul... >charles From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 16 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!UIDAHO.EDU!uidaho.edu From: uidaho.edu@UIDAHO.EDU ("Josh Udall") Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: (none) Date: 17 Jun 1996 15:59:19 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 1 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199606172255.PAA13020@crow.csrv.uidaho.edu> Reply-To: judall@uidaho.edu NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net subscribe From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 16 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.OZ.AU!news.mel.connect.com.au!news.syd.connect.com.au!news.bri.connect.com.au!grissom.powerup.com.au!usenet From: immortal@powerup.com.au (charles lajoie) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: layman questions Date: 17 Jun 1996 11:38:10 GMT Organization: Power Up Lines: 15 Message-ID: <4q3g32$62n@grissom.powerup.com.au> Reply-To: immortal@powerup.com.au NNTP-Posting-Host: ts0408.powerup.com.au Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Newsreader: WinVN 0.93.11 if someone could answer these questions it would be appreciated 1.is a persons genetic blueprint in every cell of the body ?? 2.if this is so does it include hair nails saliva blood (outside of the body) 3again if this is so does the blue print remain and for how long ? i hope some learned person can answer this for me... thanx , charles From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Jun 19 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!nntp-trd.UNINETT.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!usenet2.news.uk.psi.net!uknet!usenet1.news.uk.psi.net!uknet!tank.news.pipex.net!pipex!oleane!in2p3.fr!swidir.switch.ch!nntp.coast.net!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!newsfeed.internetmci.com!in1.uu.net!news-m01.ny.us.ibm.net!news.biu.ac.il!news.huji.ac.il!wisipc.weizmann.ac.il!news Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: The Genome Database - an Open Day Message-ID: <31C943C6.5387@dapsas1.weizmann.ac.il> From: Vered Chalifa-Caspi Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 12:27:50 GMT Reply-To: lhchalif@dapsas1.weizmann.ac.il Sender: news@wisipc.weizmann.ac.il (News User) Organization: Weizmann Institute of Science Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02 (Macintosh; I; 68K) Lines: 58 The National Bioinformatics and Genome Resource Core at The Weizmann Institute of Science cordially invites you to participate in a demonstration and discussion of ********************************************************** * The Genome Database (GDB) * * on the World Wide Web * * * * An international collaboration in support of * * the Human Genome Project * * * * Hosted by Johns Hopkins University School of * * Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA * * * ********************************************************** that will be given by GDB developers and curators on June 26 between 9:00 - 12:00 at Ebner Auditorium The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot. The Genome Database (GDB) stores and curates genomic mapping data submitted by researchers worldwide and provides this information electronically to the scientific community. With the release of Version 6.0, GDB becomes the first database of its kind to allow online public curation and third party annotation. An official National Node of the Genome Database World Wide Web Server is maintained at the Weizmann Institute of Science Bioinformatics Unit, thus enabling israeli users to locally interact with the database in a rapid and efficient way. The open day will provide an opportunity for users of the Genome Database to directly ask GDB developers and curators about data submission and query. The homepage location of the Genome Database on the World Wide Web is: Israeli Node: http://gdb.weizmann.ac.il/ Original Site: http://gdbwww.gdb.org/ For more information regarding the open day please contact Dr Vered Chalifa-Caspi Email lhchalif@bioinformatics.weizamnn.ac.il From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Jun 19 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!CS.Arizona.EDU!news.Arizona.EDU!hamblin.math.byu.edu!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!news.mindlink.net!van-bc!unixg.ubc.ca!news.bc.net!arclight.uoregon.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!warwick!lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk!news From: jonathan konrad <"jk2"@mole.bio.cam. ac.uk> Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: anti-BrdU-FITC Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 15:06:07 +0000 Organization: Genetics Department, Cambridge Univ., UK Lines: 3 Message-ID: <4qblsu$dad@lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: png-mac9.gen.cam.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02 (Macintosh; I; PPC) Does anyone use anti-BrdU-Fluorescein antibody and where do you get it from? The only people I can find are Boehringer and it is very expensive. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Jun 19 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!news-stk-200.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!new-news.sprintlink.net!EU.net!usenet2.news.uk.psi.net!uknet!usenet1.news.uk.psi.net!uknet!uknet!sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk!sunews!suma3!abrdlher From: Chromosome Terror Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: layman questions Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 19:35:11 +0100 Organization: University of Reading, U.K. Lines: 12 Message-ID: References: <4q3g32$62n@grissom.powerup.com.au> <4q3j71$21g@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: suma3-e2.reading.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII In-Reply-To: <4q3j71$21g@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> On 17 Jun 1996, Mr. P.F. Linehan wrote: > >1.is a persons genetic blueprint in every cell of the body ?? > > As a general rule yes. Red blood cells are the obvious exception. > They start out with nuclei but these are expelled as the rbc > matures. Another exception: sperm and egg cells. They have "shuffled" a bit the "blueprint". Nach From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 20 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!newsxfer2.itd.umich.edu!netnews.worldnet.att.net!newsadm From: Ervan Sisney Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: amniocentesis and hgp Date: 21 Jun 1996 00:00:43 GMT Organization: AT&T WorldNet Services Lines: 10 Message-ID: <4qconb$kcs@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> References: <4ps0ge$7nj@news-e2b.gnn.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 27.phoenix-1.az.dial-access.att.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.22ATT (Windows; U; 16bit) JUNCAR@gnn.com (CAROLYN GROSE) wrote: >i am doing research on amniocentesis and the human genome project, >particularly the ethical questions raised by the hgp in the context >of abortion as a result of discovery of certain genes. any ideas >on where to go for up to date, progressive information? thanks -- >june bogen. > I am sorry but i can't help you. If you get an answer I would also like to know. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 20 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!pendragon!news.msfc.nasa.gov!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!newsfeed.internetmci.com!newsxfer2.itd.umich.edu!netnews.worldnet.att.net!newsadm From: Ervan Sisney Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: balanced translocations and viable embryos Date: 21 Jun 1996 00:10:59 GMT Organization: AT&T WorldNet Services Lines: 70 Message-ID: <4qcpaj$kcs@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> References: <4q20j9$gin@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU> NNTP-Posting-Host: 27.phoenix-1.az.dial-access.att.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.22ATT (Windows; U; 16bit) colkin@athena.mit.edu (Catherine B Olkin) wrote: >I also have a question about balanced translocations. >In Feb 1996, I was about 20 weeks pregnant when I >found out my baby would not live because she had >too much genetic material. Please excuse my simplistic >terms -- I am an astronomer not a geneticist. Tests >of myself and my husband revealed that I have a >balanced translocation of chromosomes 7 and 22. >My daughter had too much chromosome #7. My husband >has no chromosome problems, neither do my parents, >therefore the mutation occured in me. >From the genetic councelor, I learned that it is >unlikely that anyone else in the world would have >the exact same translocation (since my parents >don't have it). > >The probabilities of having a child with the chromosome >structure my daughter had was quoted to me as >1/10000 even given my translocation. Also I learned >that only 50% of my eggs would be viable. > >Now my husband and I have been trying to concieve >for a year and my doctor is recommending >IUI (intrauterine insemination). I was thinking >maybe I should just have IVF since the zygote could >be tested before implantation to be sure it is viable. >I know this is not an infertility newsgroup, but the >heart of the matter concerns the chances of having a viable baby >given my translocation. > >If I am the only person with my translocation, then >there seems to be a large uncertainty in any quoted >probabilities because they would be derived from >a distinctly different sample group. So how could >one know that all of my eggs will not be non-viable? > I am not a geneticist (i plan to be one someday though), i dont think you can know if all of your eggs will not be non-viable. There is always the possibility that somtithing will happen. >One other bit of history: in the spring of 1994 I had >a miscarriage which is now being attributed to my >translocation. > >I would appreciate any opinions or suggestions. > >Thanks, >Cathy > >PS. I have never posted to a newsgroup before, >I hope this works. I have been reading this >one for about 8 months though. > > From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 20 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!rutgers!gatech!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!tank.news.pipex.net!pipex!oleane!jussieu.fr!univ-lyon1.fr!in2p3.fr!swidir.switch.ch!scsing.switch.ch!news.belwue.de!fu-berlin.de!shrew.rz-berlin.mpg.DE!not-for-mail From: Simon Mercer Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: Fri, 21 Jun 1996 16:55:07 +0200 Organization: Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik Lines: 52 Message-ID: <31CAB7CB.59E2@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de> References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> <4pjpgu$rqg@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: shrew.rz-berlin.mpg.de (141.14.131.88) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Access: 16 25 816 X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (X11; I; OSF1 V3.2 alpha) Mr. P.F. Linehan wrote: > > In article <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> hk-miami@ix.netcom.com(HK) writes: > .>In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: > .>> > .>>I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's > .>>fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 > .>Q12). > .>> Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows > .>the > .>>trait. > .>> > .>>She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 > .>Q32 > .>>and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical > .>to > .>>hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have > .>>published results if an abnormality had resulted. I know I can't control what people write here, but as I have said before: We don't know any of the medical background to this case We don't know who is asking, or why They don't know the credentials of the people who answer their questions -- for all of these reasons, please THINK before posting replies! if you know something (or think you do: you don't know the case) then you may be breaking medical confidentiality. If you are wrong then you may be causing needless upset to someone, or at least giving them the wrong idea. In any case, someone's real-life anxiety should not be made the subject of speculation and debate. In my opinion, this woman should be counselled by a qualified professional; if she is not satisfied with the treatment she gets from her current doctor or genetic counsellor, she can ask to be referred elsewhere. There really is no alternative if she wants reliable information. If anyone disagrees with this posting, feel free to mail me directly. Simon (PS; my 'Dr' is 'Ph.D', not medical) -- Dr. Simon Mercer The Reference Library Database +49 30 8413 1395 (fax) mailto:mercer@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 22 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!agate!cgl!itssrv1.ucsf.edu!not-for-mail From: bgold@itsa.ucsf.edu (Bert Gold) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: 23 Jun 1996 20:22:26 GMT Organization: UCSF, ITS Lines: 76 Message-ID: <4qk922$ibp@itssrv1.ucsf.edu> References: <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> <4pjpgu$rqg@mercury.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk> <31CAB7CB.59E2@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de> NNTP-Posting-Host: itsa.ucsf.edu X-Newsreader: TIN [UNIX 1.3 950726BETA PL0] I support Dr. Mercer's comments below. Bert Gold, Ph.D. "Seeing much, Suffering much, University of California, San Francisco and studying much, School of Medicine These are the three pillars Program in Medical Genetics of learning." -- Benjamin Disraeli Simon Mercer (mercer@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de) wrote: : Mr. P.F. Linehan wrote: : > : > In article <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> hk-miami@ix.netcom.com(HK) writes: : > .>In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: : > .>> : > .>>I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's : > .>>fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 : > .>Q12). : > .>> Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows : > .>the : > .>>trait. : > .>> : > .>>She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 : > .>Q32 : > .>>and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical : > .>to : > .>>hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have : > .>>published results if an abnormality had resulted. : : I know I can't control what people write here, but as I have said : before: : : We don't know any of the medical background to this case : : We don't know who is asking, or why : : They don't know the credentials of the people who answer their questions : : -- for all of these reasons, please THINK before posting replies! if you : know something (or think you do: you don't know the case) then you may : be breaking medical confidentiality. If you are wrong then you may be : causing needless upset to someone, or at least giving them the wrong : idea. In any case, someone's real-life anxiety should not be made the : subject of speculation and debate. : : In my opinion, this woman should be counselled by a qualified : professional; if she is not satisfied with the treatment she gets from : her current doctor or genetic counsellor, she can ask to be referred : elsewhere. There really is no alternative if she wants reliable : information. : : If anyone disagrees with this posting, feel free to mail me directly. : : Simon : : (PS; my 'Dr' is 'Ph.D', not medical) : : -- : Dr. Simon Mercer : The Reference Library Database : +49 30 8413 1395 (fax) : mailto:mercer@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Jun 24 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!nntp-trd.UNINETT.no!oslonett.no!sn.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!enews.sgi.com!sgigate.sgi.com!news-res.gsl.net!news.gsl.net!ix.netcom.com!news From: biopharm@ix.netcom.com(John Vail) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: eye color and paternity Date: 25 Jun 1996 04:59:35 GMT Organization: Netcom Lines: 5 Message-ID: <4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ple-ca10-04.ix.netcom.com X-NETCOM-Date: Mon Jun 24 11:59:35 PM CDT 1996 I have green eyes as does my mother. My father's eyes were blue. What are the chances of my daughter having blue eyes? Someone suggested that this could not be possible and obviously has me curious. Someone please comment. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Jun 24 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!nntp-trd.UNINETT.no!oslonett.no!sn.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!enews.sgi.com!sgigate.sgi.com!nntp.coast.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: eye color and paternity Date: 25 Jun 1996 11:32:08 -0400 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 9 Sender: root@newsbf02.news.aol.com Message-ID: <4qp0po$cpq@newsbf02.news.aol.com> References: <4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com> Reply-To: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com It is indeed quite possible! The inheritance of eye color as a simple case of brown being dominant and blue, recessive is patently false. Many old genetics text books present it this way and unfortunately this is what most people remember. Inheritance of eye color is complex(many gene pairs are involved) and your case is not far off the general rule--that blue eyed and/or green eyed parents most often have blue or green eyed children. However, I have known cases where two blue eyed parents have had brown eyed children where paternity was not a question. Rcjohnsen@aol.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Jun 26 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: jattwood@hgmp.mrc.ac.uk (Mr J. Attwood) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: LAST CALL for chromosome 9 workshop Date: 27 Jun 1996 08:22:11 -0700 Organization: UK HGMP Resource Centre Lines: 28 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <4qu8v3$9p2@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Dear Chromosome 9 enthusiasts, Just to remind you the chromosome 9 workshop will take place at Eynsham Hall near Oxford, U.K from 6th to 8th September 1996. The local organiser is Dr Sue Povey (sue@galton.gene.ucl.ac.uk) and the US co-ordinator Dr Margaret Pericak-Vance (chrom9@dnadoc.mc.duke.edu). Participation is limited and if you wish to come you must send an abstract for consideration by LAST WEEK or at least by the end of THIS WEEK! (Please send by email as ASCII text file to C9admin@galton.ucl.ac.uk if possible: otherwise fax or mail to Sue Povey) PLEASE LET US KNOW NOW, TODAY if you would like to come even if your abstract is not quite ready! You may update the abstract at the meeting but we need them asap to organise the funding. For more details see chromosome 9 home page at http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/chr9home.html See you there! Sue ****************************************************************** Dr Sue Povey MD tel +44 171 380 7410 MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, fax +44 171 387 3496 UCL, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Jun 26 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!newsfeed.internetmci.com!monster.cibola.net!ocotillo.utep.edu!usenet From: hsandova@mail.utep.edu Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: question Date: Thu, 27 Jun 1996 10:39:31 -0700 Organization: A poorly-installed InterNetNews site Lines: 3 Message-ID: <31D2C753.1628@mail.utep.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: 129.108.17.77 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Win16; I) When lookinga at an optic microscope, we find a loop. How can we tell if it is an inverssion loop or a deletion loop? Thnkyou for answering to hsandova@utep.edu Genetics From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 27 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.OZ.AU!metro!metro!wabbit.its.uow.edu.au!news From: Peter Gooding Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: eye color and paternity Date: 28 Jun 1996 01:43:35 GMT Organization: Uni Of Wollongong Lines: 13 Message-ID: <4qvdc7$3j4@wabbit.its.uow.edu.au> References: <4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: mac31b0.uow.edu.au Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.12(Macintosh; I; 68K) To: biopharm@ix.netcom.com X-URL: news:4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com biopharm@ix.netcom.com(John Vail) wrote: >I have green eyes as does my mother. My father's eyes >were blue. What are the chances of my daughter having >blue eyes? Someone suggested that this could not be >possible and obviously has me curious. Someone please >comment. To calculate the chances for a particular daughter, you need some information about eye colour of your daughter's mother. Peter Gooding From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 27 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.OZ.AU!metro!metro!wabbit.its.uow.edu.au!news From: Peter Gooding Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: eye color and paternity Date: 28 Jun 1996 01:43:50 GMT Organization: Uni Of Wollongong Lines: 13 Message-ID: <4qvdcm$482@wabbit.its.uow.edu.au> References: <4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: mac31b0.uow.edu.au Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.12(Macintosh; I; 68K) To: biopharm@ix.netcom.com X-URL: news:4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com biopharm@ix.netcom.com(John Vail) wrote: >I have green eyes as does my mother. My father's eyes >were blue. What are the chances of my daughter having >blue eyes? Someone suggested that this could not be >possible and obviously has me curious. Someone please >comment. To calculate the chances for a particular daughter, you need some information about eye colour of your daughter's mother. Peter Gooding From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 27 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk!news From: Ricky Critcher <"rc"@mole.bio.cam. ac.uk> Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: re: anti digoxigennin Date: Fri, 28 Jun 1996 12:55:22 +0000 Organization: Genetics Department, Cambridge Univ., UK Lines: 11 Message-ID: <4r0h7r$3m3@lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: png-mac9.gen.cam.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02 (Macintosh; I; PPC) Hi Does anybody know who supplies anti-dig antibody conjugated with horse radish peroxidase. Thanks in advance Ricky Critcher Dept. of Genetics Cambridge University UK From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Jun 27 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!RSGIS4.TAMU.EDU!jvb From: jvb@RSGIS4.TAMU.EDU (Dr Van Buijtenen) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: 28 Jun 1996 07:58:52 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 65 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: References: <31CAB7CB.59E2@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net On Fri, 21 Jun 1996, Simon Mercer wrote: > Mr. P.F. Linehan wrote: > > > > In article <4pi13t$791@dfw-ixnews7.ix.netcom.com> hk-miami@ix.netcom.com(HK) writes: > > .>In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: > > .>> > > .>>I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine who's > > .>>fetus has a balanced translocated chromosome (breaks at 7 Q34 and 13 > > .>Q12). > > .>> Her genetic counselor has not been much help. Neither parent shows > > .>the > > .>>trait. > > .>> > > .>>She's found recorded evidence of abnormality with translocations at 7 > > .>Q32 > > .>>and & 7 Q36. She's been told that even if a translocation identical > > .>to > > .>>hers had been found in a past study, the researcher would only have > > .>>published results if an abnormality had resulted. > > I know I can't control what people write here, but as I have said > before: > > We don't know any of the medical background to this case > > We don't know who is asking, or why > > They don't know the credentials of the people who answer their questions > > -- for all of these reasons, please THINK before posting replies! if you > know something (or think you do: you don't know the case) then you may > be breaking medical confidentiality. If you are wrong then you may be > causing needless upset to someone, or at least giving them the wrong > idea. In any case, someone's real-life anxiety should not be made the > subject of speculation and debate. > > In my opinion, this woman should be counselled by a qualified > professional; if she is not satisfied with the treatment she gets from > her current doctor or genetic counsellor, she can ask to be referred > elsewhere. There really is no alternative if she wants reliable > information. > > If anyone disagrees with this posting, feel free to mail me directly. > > Simon > > (PS; my 'Dr' is 'Ph.D', not medical) > > -- > Dr. Simon Mercer > The Reference Library Database > +49 30 8413 1395 (fax) > mailto:mercer@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de > > I have mixed feelings about Mercer's comments. His points are well taken and should be considered before replying to medical questions. On the other hand if one posts a question on the internet it is a given that some replies will be useless, some will be wrong, and a few will be real gems, the source of which is unpredictable. On balance I think one should be responsible, but not timid in answering questions. J.P. van Buijtenen From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 29 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.OZ.AU!news.ecn.uoknor.edu!qns3.qns.net!imci4!newsfeed.internetmci.com!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: question Date: 29 Jun 1996 11:56:34 -0400 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 3 Sender: root@newsbf02.news.aol.com Message-ID: <4r3jni$sc0@newsbf02.news.aol.com> References: <31D2C753.1628@mail.utep.edu> Reply-To: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com It would help immensely to know what kind of cell you are looking at. rcjohnsen@aol.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 29 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!galaxy.ucr.edu!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.OZ.AU!news.ecn.uoknor.edu!qns3.qns.net!imci4!newsfeed.internetmci.com!howland.reston.ans.net!news-e2a.gnn.com!newstf01.news.aol.com!newsbf02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: eye color and paternity Date: 29 Jun 1996 12:13:47 -0400 Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364) Lines: 9 Sender: root@newsbf02.news.aol.com Message-ID: <4r3knr$srg@newsbf02.news.aol.com> References: Reply-To: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) NNTP-Posting-Host: newsbf02.mail.aol.com Dear Nach It ultimately depends on her mate/spouse/lover/ and his genetic makeup. If he has blue eyes the probability of a blue eyed child is very high. If her mate has brown eyes, then the probability of a blue eyed child decreases and the probability of a brown eyed child increases. Eye color should not be a test for paternity. There are far better-more accurate tests available for that. Rcjohnsen@aol.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 29 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!is.bbsrc.ac.uk!news.ox.ac.uk!lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk!sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk!sunews!suma3!abrdlher From: Chromosome Terror Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: eye color and paternity Date: Sat, 29 Jun 1996 15:27:49 +0100 Organization: University of Reading, U.K. Lines: 23 Message-ID: References: <4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com> <4qp0po$cpq@newsbf02.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: suma3-e2.reading.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII In-Reply-To: <4qp0po$cpq@newsbf02.news.aol.com> On 25 Jun 1996, Rcjohnsen wrote: > It is indeed quite possible! The inheritance of eye color as a simple > case of brown being dominant and blue, recessive is patently false. Many > old genetics text books present it this way and unfortunately this is what > most people remember. Inheritance of eye color is complex(many gene pairs > are involved) and your case is not far off the general rule--that blue > eyed and/or green eyed parents most often have blue or green eyed > children. However, I have known cases where two blue eyed parents have > had brown eyed children where paternity was not a question. > Rcjohnsen@aol.com I agree with you. However, Alec Jeffreys (of DNA fingerprinting in humans fame) came to the Cambridge Science Park in 1993 to give a talk. He started by looking at the audience and saying something like "I suppose most of you will be surprised if I told you that 10% of the audience do not have the father that they think they have..." ;-) No, seriously. I don't think you can question paternity simply looking at the eye colour. Nach. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 29 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!daresbury!bioftp.unibas.ch!infobiogen.fr!jussieu.fr!oleane!in2p3.fr!swidir.switch.ch!nntp.coast.net!howland.reston.ans.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!uwm.edu!news.cse.psu.edu!news.cc.swarthmore.edu!netnews.upenn.edu!jake.esu.edu!news From: Dorrel Rhodes Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: eye color and paternity Date: 29 Jun 1996 20:05:51 GMT Organization: university Lines: 4 Message-ID: <4r42av$kll@jake.esu.edu> References: <4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 166.66.36.69 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; PPC) X-URL: news:4qnrnn$bfv@dfw-ixnews6.ix.netcom.com why is this so important to you right now. the important thing should be the love and care that you will give to this child, and nothing more From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Jun 29 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!SCREAMS.GDB.ORG!avoltz From: avoltz@SCREAMS.GDB.ORG (Amy Voltz) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Dup. & Del. of chroma. 2 & 12 Date: 30 Jun 1996 14:58:21 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 22 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Please respond directly to Mr. Bonomo at mbonomo@generation.net Thanks for any help! ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 17:01:01 -0500 From: Mike Bonomo To: findgene@gdb.org Subject: Dup. & Del. of chroma. 2 & 12 My son has a duplication & deletion of chromasones 2 & 12. We are trying to find other instances of children with this problem or at least get more info. I am trying to do this using th internet, but I am not sure how to go about looking for this information. Any sugestions? Thanks Mike Bonomo From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Jun 30 23:00:00 1996 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!tank.news.pipex.net!pipex!oleane!in2p3.fr!swidir.switch.ch!scsing.switch.ch!news.belwue.de!fu-berlin.de!shrew.rz-berlin.mpg.DE!not-for-mail From: Simon Mercer Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: * transloc chrom help please Date: Mon, 01 Jul 1996 10:02:02 +0200 Organization: Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik Lines: 54 Message-ID: <31D785FA.41C6@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de> References: <31CAB7CB.59E2@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de> NNTP-Posting-Host: shrew.rz-berlin.mpg.de (141.14.131.88) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Access: 16 25 816 X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (X11; I; OSF1 V3.2 alpha) Dr Van Buijtenen wrote: > .>In <4pbtu5$sfc@newsbf02.news.aol.com> kabass@aol.com (KABass) writes: > .>> > .>>I am writing on behalf of a frightened, pregnant friend of mine > [rest of message deleted] > I have mixed feelings about Mercer's comments. His points are > well taken and should be considered before replying to medical questions. > On the other hand if one posts a question on the internet it is a given > that some replies will be useless, some will be wrong, and a few will be > real gems, the source of which is unpredictable. On balance I think one > should be responsible, but not timid in answering questions. > J.P. van Buijtenen I believe that the net should not be censored, which implies that anyone can post whatever they like in reply to this type of question- I only wish that everyone who wrote in had the experience to know how to interpret what they read. In the first place answers are often technical and likely to be misinterpreted, in the second place many readers do not know what quality of information to expect in replies because they are not familiar with the internet. I know that there are people who write directly to the posters of this type of question with the address of their closest genetics counsellor, which is a good idea. What I would suggest is that if anyone wants to give advice to people looking for information on cases of chromosome abnormality via this newsgroup, they should always advise that the person affected should seek a professional medical opinion from a doctor or counsellor who knows the full details of the case, and if in doubt get a second opinion. In some cases I have replied and suggested some questions which they should be sure to ask their doctor, which might help them clarify the situation. Very often I see messages whose senders clearly do not appreciate the impact of what they write, cases like "oh yeah, so that means he can't be the father", or "in cases like this the baby won't be normal". If someone acts on this advice, I wonder what the legal implications are for the advisor? The reason we have genetics counsellors is because giving the layman a clear and unbiassed view of the truth is _hard_. We as a 'net community' must show some responsibility. These are just my personal opinions, and I would like to point out that I am a Ph.D and not a medical doctor and have no authority to impose standards on any community. I have worked around the fringes of the genetic and cytogenetic communities for several years but I am not professionally qualified to give medical advice. Simon -- Dr. Simon Mercer The Reference Library Database +49 30 8413 1395 (fax) mailto:mercer@mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de