From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Aug 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!lester From: lester@genome.wi.mit.edu (Lester Hui) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Whitehead/MIT Human Physical Map, Release 12 Date: 1 Aug 1997 18:21:06 GMT Organization: Whitehead Institute for Biological Research Lines: 102 Message-ID: <5rt9ei$4n0@senator-bedfellow.MIT.EDU> NNTP-Posting-Host: iron.wi.mit.edu ANNOUNCING: WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE/MIT CENTER FOR GENOME RESEARCH HUMAN GENOMIC MAPPING PROJECT DATA RELEASE 12 (JULY 1997) The twelfth and final release of data from the Human Physical Mapping Project at the Whitehead Institute/MIT Genome Center, covering data generated through the end of July, 1997, is now available. This data release contains YAC and/or radiation hybrid screening data for 24,568 sequence tagged sites (STSs) screened on the CEPH mega-YAC library and/or the Genebridge 4 radiation hybrid panel. For each STS, we report addresses for the YACs found to contain the STS. The data assemble into 294 contigs using single linkage between STSs. In addition, we also report a radiation hybrid map of the genome containing 14665 STS markers mapped on the Genebridge 4 Panel, as well as integrations of the genetic, radiation hybrid and YAC contig maps. The map includes data from over 12000 expressed sequences, part of the transcript map published in Science 25 October 1996. The data is available electronically in two ways. ANONYMOUS FTP: The entire data release is available as a set of Microsoft Excel files and tab-delimited ascii files on our ftp server. Using an ftp client (such as "Fetch" on the Macintosh), connect to ftp-genome.wi.mit.edu Use "anonymous" as your user name, and give your e-mail address as your password. The data files are present in the directory /distribution/human_STS_releases/july97. The contents are as follows: 07-97.INTRO.txt Introduction to the data release, in straight text format 07-97.INTRO.html The same in HTML (World Wide Web) format 07-97.STS.DATA.txt STS mapping data as tab-delimited text. chromosomes/ The same, split into smaller chromosome-specific files 07-97.YAC2STS.txt Inverse map of YAC to STS screening data 07-97.CONTIG2STS.txt YAC contig lists. 07-97.CONTIG2STS.txt The same, inverted. 07-97.SEQUENCES.txt Full sequences of STSs developed in-house. 07-97.MAPPED.EST.txt Cross reference between ESTs, IMAGE clones and map positions. 07-97.ALIASES.txt Cross reference of STS names. pictures/ Pictures of integrated maps in Macintosh and PS forms. rhmap/ Radiation hybrid maps. genmap/ Genethon genetic linkage maps. The data is also available in compressed form using the gzip program. THE WORLD-WIDE WEB: You will need a World Wide Web client such as Mosaic (Unix, MS-Windows and Macintosh) or MacWeb (Macintosh). Instruct your client to connect to http://www.genome.wi.mit.edu/ From there, follow the "Human Physical Mapping Project" link. You will be able to browse and download the raw data set, view the individual and integrated maps, and to get information on the radiation hybrid and contig analyses. All mapped STSs will be available through the Genome Database (GDB) and through GenBank. Users interested in EST mapping are also referred to the following URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/ QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS. If users have any questions or problems, please contact us at human_STS_help@genome.wi.mit.edu We invite suggestions about how to make these data release most useful. DATA RELEASE POLICY AND CITATION. Data releases are scheduled quarterly. At the end of each quarter, all genomic mapping data are reviewed and prepared for distribution via CGR's electronic databases. Data releases typically occur within a week of the close of the month. Releases are announced by electronic messages posted to the following two newsgroups: "bionet.genome.chromosomes" and "bionet.announce". CGR's data release policy aims to ensure that scientific colleagues have immediate access to information that may assist them in the search for genes. Data releases do not constitute scientific publication of CGR's work, but rather provide scientists with a regular look into our lab notebooks. For projects aimed at the analysis of particular genes or subchromosomal regions, permission is hereby granted to use our data without the need for a formal collaboration, subject only to appropriate acknowledgment. For projects aimed at large-scale mapping of entire chromosomes or entire genomes, use of the data and markers should be on a collaborative basis. The information for the human genome mapping project should be cited as: Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Human Physical Mapping Project, Data Release 12 (July 1997). From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Aug 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!panix!howland.erols.net!newsxfer3.itd.umich.edu!portc01.blue.aol.com!audrey01.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: rcjohnsen@aol.com (Rcjohnsen) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: X chromosome crossover, meiosis Date: 3 Aug 1997 04:33:31 GMT Lines: 5 Message-ID: <19970803043300.AAA03177@ladder01.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ladder01.news.aol.com X-Admin: news@aol.com Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com References: <5qrlt2$o7p$1@nargun.cc.uq.edu.au> Crossingover between the 2 Xs(both the short and long arms) regularly occurs in human oocytes. Surprisingly it also occurs between X and Y at the very distal tips of the short arms, the pseudoautosomal loci in the male. Rcjohnsen@aol.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Aug 02 23:00:00 1997 Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!uunet!in1.uu.net!uucp2.uu.net!world!news From: "Arso" Subject: test -- Do not read X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE Engine V4.71.1008.3 Sender: news@world.std.com (Mr Usenet Himself) Message-ID: Date: Sun, 3 Aug 1997 15:36:46 GMT Nntp-Posting-Host: ppp0a001.std.com Organization: The World @ Software Tool & Die X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1008.3 Lines: 4 test From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news.idt.net!nntp.farm.idt.net!hgibbons From: hgibbons@stic.net (Mars Needs Women) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,alt.education.research,alt.fan.starwars,alt.flame.jesus.christ,alt.evil,alt.flame,alt.satanism,alt.blasphemy,talk.religion.misc,alt.folklore.science,alt.future.millennium,alt.business,alt.make.money,alt.business.misc,alt.business Subject: Re: New invention allows humans to live forever Date: Sun, 03 Aug 1997 23:36:13 -0700 Organization: The Karmedian Corporation Lines: 20 Message-ID: References: <01bc9ef1$caa2b8e0$36ef2399@itjfvkli> NNTP-Posting-Host: satnt2-159.stic.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Newsreader: Yet Another NewsWatcher 2.4.0 In article <01bc9ef1$caa2b8e0$36ef2399@itjfvkli>, "Califormian Ageing Soc" wrote: > New Invention Allows Humans to Live Forever > > http://www.pacificapage.com/ageing/ > > UPDATED JULY 24, 1997 > > MAGNETIC DEVICE CLAIMS TO ALLOW HUMANS TO STAY PHYSICALLY YOUNG FOREVER! > I'll buy one just as soon as this claim is validated by example. Wait, don't tell me, Dick Clark has one! -- ****************************************************************** * Views expressed are the property of the Karmedian Corporation * * and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the poster. * ****************************************************************** From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!daresbury!not-for-mail From: Rifat Hamoudi Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Obtaining MmeI restriction enzyme Date: 5 Aug 1997 00:41:47 +0100 Lines: 17 Sender: lpddist@mserv1.dl.ac.uk Distribution: bionet Message-ID: <5s5pbr$49n@mserv1.dl.ac.uk> Reply-To: rifat@icr.ac.uk Delivery-Receipt-To: Rifat Hamoudi MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Authentication: IMSP Original-To: biochrom@dl.ac.uk Dear All, I would be grateful if anyone know of a supplier that can supply MmeI restriction enzyme or any type III restriction enzyme. I am looking to use those enzymes and have tried everywhere but it seems that those are commercially unavailable, however if anyone knows of a source that makes those enzymes I would be grateful if they could email me and let me know. Thanks. Rifat rifat@icr.ac.uk From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Aug 04 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!daresbury!uninett.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!howland.erols.net!newsxfer3.itd.umich.edu!portc01.blue.aol.com!audrey01.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: dave510@aol.com (Dave510) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Information about cloning. Date: 5 Aug 1997 20:50:15 GMT Lines: 17 Message-ID: <19970805205000.QAA29092@ladder01.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ladder01.news.aol.com X-Admin: news@aol.com Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com I am doing a reserach on human cloning and I have found some www sites and other news. I still want some more information. Please send me any information about cloning. For example, I need to know detailed procedure on cloning sheep, and other trivia and general information(or even where to look for them) on related subject. Thanks for your help. -Dave _______________ Please e-mail me to Dave510@aol.com _______________ Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. Albert Einstein_The World as I See It_ From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Aug 05 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!infeed2.internetmci.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!in3.uu.net!209.66.0.12!news.jersey.net!not-for-mail From: "David Mitchell" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,alt.education.research,alt.fan.starwars,alt.flame.jesus.christ,alt.evil,alt.flame,alt.satanism,alt.blasphemy,talk.religion.misc,alt.folklore.science,alt.future.millennium,alt.business,alt.make.money,alt.business.misc,alt.business Subject: Re: New invention allows humans to live forever Date: 6 Aug 1997 21:46:17 GMT Organization: InterActive Network - Serving S. NJ (609)227-4428 Lines: 63 Message-ID: <01bc9ab9$9e23b9e0$4a0542d1@mitchell.jersey.net> References: <01bc9ef1$caa2b8e0$36ef2399@itjfvkli> NNTP-Posting-Host: blip74.jersey.net X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Mars Needs Women wrote in article ... > In article <01bc9ef1$caa2b8e0$36ef2399@itjfvkli>, "Califormian Ageing Soc" > wrote: > > > New Invention Allows Humans to Live Forever > > > > http://www.pacificapage.com/ageing/ > > > > UPDATED JULY 24, 1997 > > > > MAGNETIC DEVICE CLAIMS TO ALLOW HUMANS TO STAY PHYSICALLY YOUNG FOREVER! > > > I'll buy one just as soon as this claim is validated by example. > > Wait, don't tell me, Dick Clark has one! why waste time & money... here i'll give it to you for free... a scientificaly plausible way of doing it by looking at two recent breakthroughs: 1. Sickle Cell Anemia (a ginetic disorder that mishapes blood cells) was recently cured (aprox. 9 months ago) by creating a ginetic retro-virus that would change the ginetic makeup of the recipient, so that any new bone marrow created would only produces healthy blood cells. 2. When sheep were cloned we came much closer to isolating the gene for rediferentiation. Now putting these together you can see that when you injure yourself you can regrow a limb or a vital organ, (sure you might feel strange with a baby arm at first but if it is a choice of an infant arm that will one day grow into an adult arm or none at all)... and more interesting, if you are ever injured or sick or grow very old, you can just rediferentiate your entire body. You could become young and healthy again. You could effectively live forever with todays technologies. now let me point out the shortcomings of this approach: 1. When you rediferentiate yourself you will also need to rediferentiate your central nervous system & brain, so what will happen to the real you? will you still be yourself, even if you have no memories? 2. This will efectively create a large group of fully grown infants that need to be taken care of until they can be retaught everything they need to know to fit back into society (eg. potty training...) 3. The catholic church will never allow it & they have more money than, ahem... god. There are a lot of other ramifications to this line of thought, me personaly I wouldn't mind living for a couple of hundred years (which should be the life expectancy of my brain), after that I have no fear of death, it is a natural part of life, which I accepted long before I figured out the secret to immortality. I would also like to invite everyone to look at my web site where we can discuss other ideas such as "search for intelligence" and "1000 year life ship" and also some serious ideas such as a cure for earthquakes & my collection of addages. Please feel free to e-mail me or visit me at the addresses below. -- David Mitchell http://www.jersey.net/~mitchell mitchell@jersey.net From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Aug 05 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!europa.clark.net!169.207.30.81!newsfeeds.sol.net!news.pagesat.net!ultra.sonic.net!not-for-mail From: irvingb@sonic.net (Irving Baker) Newsgroups: bionet.cellbiol,bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.molbio.methd-reagnts,sci.bio.botany,sci.bio.misc,sci.agriculture,sci.environment,rec.gardens,rec.gardens.edible,rec.gardens.orchids Subject: Re: plant cloning wheel w/testtubes ? Date: Wed, 06 Aug 1997 04:00:23 GMT Organization: Sonic,Santa Rosa CA,http://www.sonic.net Lines: 66 Message-ID: <33e7f62f.16930975@news.sonic.net> References: Reply-To: irvingb@sonic.net NNTP-Posting-Host: d65.pm2.sonic.net X-Newsreader: Forte Agent .99e/32.227 Xref: biosci bionet.cellbiol:7887 bionet.genome.chromosomes:1775 On Sun, 27 Jul 1997 04:29:13 -0400, Danny Oakes wrote: >First, let me apologize for my cross-posting. I don't usually do >this; but, I really would like info on the following: > >Did anyone else see this and can any of you tell me where to get >more info on the following ? > >Several years ago, I saw a TV show news or documentary that showed >some group of people creating many identical plants from one plant. >From the looks of the room, I assume that this was all taking place >in a university environment or a very small company startup operation. >They took a little tiny sliver(?) of the parent plant. They placed >the sliver in a test tube with a fairly clear liquid that filled the >tube to around half full and I believe they placed a stopper in the >top of the tube. > >The tubes were then inserted into holes in a round circular piece of >plywood(?) disk, about 1/2 inch thick and about 36 to 48 inches in >diameter. This disk was rotating at a very slow speed, about one >revolution per minute. The plane of the rotating disk was angled up >from a horizontal plane, at an angle of approximately 60 to maybe 75 >degrees. > >I also assume there was some grow lights involved or maybe the assembly >was placed outside for light source energy. > >The plant sliver gradually developed roots in the liquid medium while >on the rotating disk. The program implied and showed that each of >small beginning plants were about 3 inches long from root tip to plant >top. I'm not quite sure how they maintained the point that I would >call (due to my plant ignorance) the "ground level" or maybe "trunk/root >boundary" of the plant. > >I would like to find out more about the entire process. I would especially >like to find out what the clear liquid was, in the test tube. > >Can anyone help ??? Please e-mail me directly or call me if you are local. > >If you need any engineering-type questions answered, please feel free to >ask. I am currently un-employed ad have plenty of time on my hands due >mainly to age descrimination (53yo), arthritis and diabetes. I am trying >to find something to do with my time. > >I also have another idea about how to grow minature plants of any type of >plants using a computer controlled green house using my own software. If >anyone local to me has a desire to get involved with this idea, I think we >could make a lot of money. This paragraph has nothing to do with the >request for information asked for above. > >Thanks in advance. > >Danny Oakes >licensed professional engineer in the state of Florida >Gainesville, Florida >(352) 495-3371 day or night > > > >I used to supply the industry with the agar they used as a medium. You will need both temperature control as well as light control but if you try a search for plant tissue culture you probably will get more info than you can use. Also your local university extension can help. Good luck. Irv B > > From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Aug 07 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!europa.clark.net!205.252.116.205!howland.erols.net!infeed2.internetmci.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!in2.uu.net!140.142.64.3!news.u.washington.edu!root From: "Peter J. Myler" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: post-doctoral position in Leishmania genome project Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 10:13:05 -0700 Organization: Seattle Biomedical Research Institute Lines: 50 Message-ID: <5sfk0a$j7s@nntp3.u.washington.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: cs104-3.u.washington.edu X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1008.3 X-MimeOle: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE Engine V4.71.1008.3 We have an immediate opening for a Post-doctoral Scientist to work on a Leishmania genome sequencing project at Seattle Biomedical Research Institute. We have recently received NIH funding to sequence 10-20 Mb of the Leishmania genome over the next 5 years. Leishmania is a protozoan parasite with a total genome size of 36 Mb, spread over 36 chromosomes. Specific duties will include cloning, template prep, mapping, sequencing, analysis, and supervision of several research technicians. Experiences with database development and genome informatics will be essential, and familiarity with MS Access and Visual Basic would be an advantage. SBRI is an Equal Opportunity Employer and offers a full benefit package. Interested parties should send a resume via e-mail, FAX or mail to: Peter J. Myler, Ph.D. Seattle Biomedical Research Institute 4 Nickerson Street Seattle, WA 98109-1651 e-mail: mylerpj@sbri.org Phone: (206)-284-8846x332 FAX: (206)-284-0313 -- ======================================= Peter J. Myler, Ph.D. Staff Scientist Seattle Biomedical Research Institute 4 Nickerson Street Seattle, WA 98109-1651 e-mail: mylerpj@sbri.org Assistant Professor Department of Pathobiology University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 mylerpj@u.washington.edu Phone: (206)-284-8846x332 FAX: (206)-284-0313 ======================================== From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Aug 07 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!howland.erols.net!newshub2.home.com!newshub1.home.com!news.home.com!news1.best.com!kerberos.ediacara.org!there.is.no.cabal From: david ford Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins Subject: Genetics and the Bear--> Whale Transformation Date: 8 Aug 1997 00:43:16 -0400 Organization: The University of Ediacara Lines: 112 Approved: robomod@ediacara.org Message-ID: Reply-To: david ford NNTP-Posting-Host: kerberos.ediacara.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII X-Authentication-Warning: umbc10.umbc.edu: dford3 owned process doing -bs X-Sender: dford3@umbc10.umbc.edu cc: "James G. Acker" Xref: biosci bionet.genome.chromosomes:1778 bionet.molbio.evolution:6445 James G. Acker on 4 Aug 1997 in talk.origins in "Rodhocetus (for David Ford)": > The following three paragraphs are quoted from "New whale from > the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming" > by Philip Gingerich, S. Mahmood Raza, Muhammad Arif, > Mohammad Anwar, and Xiaoyuan Zhou, > > Nature, Volume 368, 28 April 1994, pages 844-847: > > "Rodhocetus is important for three reasons. First, it is an early > archaeocete that retains high neural spines on anterior thoracics > and a pelvis articulating directly with the sacrum. These are > primitive characteristics of mammals that support their weight on > land, and both suggest that Rodhocetus or an immediate predecessor > was still partly terrestrial. At the same time, cervicals are short, > enhancing rigidity of the anterior body, sacrals are large but unfused, > enhancing power and flexibility, and the femur is reduced, stream- > lining the lumbocaudal trunk. These are derived characteristics of > later archaeocetes and modern whales associated with aquatic > locomotion. Thus the morphology of Rodhocetus is intermediate, > as might be expected of a transitional form evolving from land to > sea." > "Second, Rodhocetus is the oldest fossil whale described from > deep-neritic shelf deposits. Contemporary and slightly younger whales > such as Indocetus, which inhabited shallower water, retained long > hind limbs and fused sacral vertebrae, indicating that there was > significant morphological and anatomical diversity in early archaeocete > evolution. Fossils found in shallow marine environments may not > represent the full range of this diversity." > "Finally, most modern whales have robust lumbar and proximal > caudal centra, and all lack fusion of sacral vertebrae, making the > lumbocaudal column seamlessly flexible. High dorsal neural spines > and long ventral chevrons limit vertebral excursion but provide leverage > for powerful axial and abdominal muscles. Rodhocetus has all of these > functional features. This indicates that the characteristic cetacean mode > of swimming by dorsoventral oscillation of a heavily muscled tail evolved > within the first three million years or so of the appearance of > archaeocetes. Terminal caudals are lacking in the type specimen > of Rodhocetus and we cannot assess the possible presence of a caudal > fluke, but it is reasonable to expect development of a fluke to coincide > with shortening of the neck, flexibility of the sacrum, and reduction of > hind limbs, first observed in Rodhocetus. This idea can be tested when > a more complete tail of Rodhocetus is found." (End of article) > > ---- end of quotation > > David Ford has been provided this information via email and > has declined to discuss it in terms of whether or not this represents > a change in body plan via evolution. If you want me to discuss something, your best bet is to post and e-mail what you'd like replied to. I'm a firm believer in open, public discussion. The "fact" that all manner of plant and animal structures came into existence through non-intelligence directed means using changes in organisms' DNA falls to pieces in the light of genetics, and that is the angle I'm going to be approaching this claimed discovery of an intermediate between a land animal and a whale. Since we'll be discussing genetics, I've included some appropriate newsgroups. To those in those groups, talk.origins is moderated, and if you want your posts to show up, you might want to put talk-origins@moderators.uu.net after the "To:" in your e-mail. I don't like the idea of participating in a thread named after me, so I've taken the liberty of changing the title. The title gets its inspiration from the following remark by Charles Darwin. "In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if the supply of insects were constant, and if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale."[_On the Origin of Species_ (1859), original edition, 184.] > It is my contention that all of > the changes described above are modifications of existing structures, > and therefore there is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes. "There is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes." In the transformation of a land animal into a whale, approximately how many new genes would you guesstimate were required? Some areas where new genes perhaps would be required are in the appearance of the tail fluke, for any new enzymes or proteins (e.g., perhaps for the whale's skin), for the new structure that would allow the baby whale to drink milk underwater, for the cap that is around the nipple, for the organ making spermaceti, for the muscles and flaps that allow the blowhole to be closed off when the whale dives, for the baleen filtration system in baleen whales, for making the mother's milk the composition that it is, and for the melon. Geneticists, biologists, please help us out. Jim and I know precious little about genetics. With genes coding for structures, is it necessary that every nucleotide be present, or else the structure coded for develops malformed? For genes coding for proteins, must all the nucleotides be exactly right? How many triplet codons typically make up a structural gene, and how many typically make up a gene coding for a protein? > Mr. Ford is > therefore invited to quantify the genetic barriers to such changes > that will preclude such microevolutionary modification of the body > plan of a terrestrial ungulate into that of a modern, fully-aquatic > whale. If he is unable to do so, he will make tacit admission that his > definition of microevolution encompasses the body plan modifications > that are seen in the evolutionary transition from four-legged > terrestrial ungulate to modern whale. He will also admit that > Rodhocetus, as stated by the authors, represents an evolutionary > intermediate in this process. > > Submitted to talk.origins by James Acker, 8/4/97 From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Aug 08 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!infeed2.internetmci.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!news.wwa.com!mark.ucdavis.edu!japonica.ucdavis.edu!user From: "john" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins Subject: Re: Genetics and the Bear--> Whale Transformation Date: Fri, 08 Aug 1997 16:28:57 -0800 Organization: University of California, Davis Lines: 61 Message-ID: References: NNTP-Posting-Host: japonica.ucdavis.edu X-Trace: mark.ucdavis.edu 871082827 29134 (None) 128.120.103.176 X-Complaints-To: usenet@ucdavis.edu X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet Mail and News for Macintosh - 1.0 (22) Xref: biosci bionet.genome.chromosomes:1782 bionet.molbio.evolution:6446 In article , david ford wrote: > > "There is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes." In the > transformation of a land animal into a whale, approximately how many new > genes would you guesstimate were required? Some areas where new genes > perhaps would be required are in the appearance of the tail fluke, for > any new enzymes or proteins (e.g., perhaps for the whale's skin), for > the new structure that would allow the baby whale to drink milk > underwater, for the cap that is around the nipple, for the organ making > spermaceti, for the muscles and flaps that allow the blowhole to be > closed off when the whale dives, for the baleen filtration system in > baleen whales, for making the mother's milk the composition that it is, > and for the melon. > > Geneticists, biologists, please help us out. Jim and I know precious > little about genetics. With genes coding for structures, is it > necessary that every nucleotide be present, or else the structure coded > for develops malformed? For genes coding for proteins, must all the > nucleotides be exactly right? How many triplet codons typically make up > a structural gene, and how many typically make up a gene coding for a > protein? You do not need "new" genes to convert e.g. a leg into a fin. Developmental genes work in a hierarchical fashion, so that a fertilized egg (that is, an embryo) is first divided into broad segments by genes that are expressed (make proteins) within those segments. The expression of those genes overlaps and the patterns of overlap serve to turn on other genes in finer segmental patterns, then those segments aquire different fates as yet other genes are turned on in those various segments. Finally certain genes cause differential patterns and rates of cell division that give rise to limbs, head structures, etc. To turn a leg into a fin would not so much involve the creation (heh heh!) of entirely new genes, as a difference in timing of the turning on of various genes, resulting in different patterns of growth. In fact, in a structure like the human hand, it is cell death in the skin between the fingers that gives separate fingers rather than a fin like structure with webbing. Knock out the genes that control this process, or change their timing significantly, and you'll get something more like a fin than a hand. Change the timing of expression of genes that control elongation of the arm, and that fin may remain closer to the body. It is the genes expressed earlier that control the timing and pattern of expression and it is changes in these genes that probably have a greater effect in changing morphology (though changes in downstream effector genes undoubtedly play a role as well). These timing/pattern control genes work by producing proteins that bind to regulatory regions (promoters) of downstream genes, either turning them on or keeping them off. Slight changes in these proteins (transcription factors) can change the strength of binding, and the ability to regulate downstream genes. So gene changes required for changing morphologies are theoretically not that great, but what is important is keeping *all* the genes coordinated so you end up with a intact animal, and not just a blob of tissue. See The making of a fly : the genetics of animal design /, Peter A. Lawrence. Oxford [England] ; Cambridge, Mass., USA : Blackwell Science, 1992 (1995 printing) for information on what is known about these processes in the best understood example, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. As for lenght of genes, typically they are on the order of a few thousand nucleotides, plus anywhere from one to ten-thousand more forming the regulatory region where transcription factors bind to control expression. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sat Aug 09 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!panix!howland.erols.net!feed1.news.erols.com!news1.best.com!kerberos.ediacara.org!there.is.no.cabal From: howard hershey Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins Subject: Re: Genetics and the Bear--> Whale Transformation Date: 10 Aug 1997 09:18:57 -0400 Organization: Indiana University, Bloomington Lines: 86 Approved: robomod@ediacara.org Message-ID: <33ED7895.1A5@indiana.edu> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: kerberos.ediacara.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01 (Macintosh; I; PPC) Xref: biosci bionet.genome.chromosomes:1785 bionet.molbio.evolution:6452 david ford wrote: > > James G. Acker on 4 Aug 1997 in talk.origins in > "Rodhocetus (for David Ford)": > > > The following three paragraphs are quoted from "New whale from > > the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming" > > by Philip Gingerich, S. Mahmood Raza, Muhammad Arif, > > Mohammad Anwar, and Xiaoyuan Zhou, [snip discussion of early whale] > > If you want me to discuss something, your best bet is to post and e-mail > what you'd like replied to. I'm a firm believer in open, public > discussion. The "fact" that all manner of plant and animal structures > came into existence through non-intelligence directed means using > changes in organisms' DNA falls to pieces in the light of genetics, As you mention below, you know precious little about genetics. I suppose that you have only learned creationist genetics, which has little resemblance to scientific genetics? [snip Darwin's bear to whale quote] > > > It is my contention that all of > > the changes described above are modifications of existing structures, > > and therefore there is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes. > > "There is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes." In the > transformation of a land animal into a whale, approximately how many new > genes would you guesstimate were required? Some areas where new genes > perhaps would be required are in the appearance of the tail fluke, for > any new enzymes or proteins (e.g., perhaps for the whale's skin), for > the new structure that would allow the baby whale to drink milk > underwater, for the cap that is around the nipple, for the organ making > spermaceti, for the muscles and flaps that allow the blowhole to be > closed off when the whale dives, for the baleen filtration system in > baleen whales, for making the mother's milk the composition that it is, > and for the melon. Most of these require modification of existing genes rather than invention of new ones from scratch. In particular, modification of amounts and modification of the developmental processes. The number of 'genes' one needs to change for a particular phenotype could be as little as one nucleotide on an existing gene. Think of how much variation exists within the human species. And it is this existing information that selection works upon. But once the 'norm' has been moved by directional selection, new variation away from this new norm appears by the normal process of mutation. > > Geneticists, biologists, please help us out. Jim and I know precious > little about genetics. With genes coding for structures, is it > necessary that every nucleotide be present, or else the structure coded > for develops malformed? Absolutely not. Nearly any gene has a whole slew of small numbers of essentially identical (in terms of function) variants. Typically, no one makes the effort to find these variants because they are clinically insignificant. > For genes coding for proteins, must all the > nucleotides be exactly right? Same question. Same answer. Absolutely not. > How many triplet codons typically make up > a structural gene, and how many typically make up a gene coding for a > protein? These are the same question (in general). 300 nucleotides and 100 amino acids are rough enough. There are smaller by an order of magnitude. There are much larger proteins, but few much larger than an order of magnitude more. > > > Mr. Ford is > > therefore invited to quantify the genetic barriers to such changes > > that will preclude such microevolutionary modification of the body > > plan of a terrestrial ungulate into that of a modern, fully-aquatic > > whale. If he is unable to do so, he will make tacit admission that his > > definition of microevolution encompasses the body plan modifications > > that are seen in the evolutionary transition from four-legged > > terrestrial ungulate to modern whale. He will also admit that > > Rodhocetus, as stated by the authors, represents an evolutionary > > intermediate in this process. > > > > Submitted to talk.origins by James Acker, 8/4/97 From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 10 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!daresbury!uninett.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!news.sprintisp.com!nntp.sprintmail.com!mr.net!news.mr.net!news.cloudnet.com!not-for-mail From: cmcs@cloudnet.com (Thomas J Danzl) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: chromosomes Date: 11 Aug 97 21:51:09 GMT Organization: Cloudnet - St. Cloud, MN (320) 240-8243 Lines: 18 Message-ID: <33ef894d.0@news.cloudnet.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: news.cloudnet.com X-Newsreader: TIN [UNIX 1.3 BETA-950824-16colors PL0] Is there anyone out there reading this newsgroup who is a cytogeneticist? I never see any postings about chromosomes. -- 1**2**3**4**5**6**7**8**9**10**11**12**13**14**15**16**17**18 * * Y CENTRAL MINNESOTA CYTOGENETIC SERVICES 19 * "chromosomes R us" * 22 20 * Thomas J. Danzl 320-259-8708 * 21 810 St. Germain cmcs@cloudnet.com 21 * St. Cloud, MN 56301 http://www.cloudnet.com/~cmcs * 20 22 * * 19 Quis custodiet custodes ipsos? X * * 18**17**16**15**14**13**12**11**10**9**8**7**6**5**4**3**2**1 From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 10 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!infeed1.internetmci.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!news1.best.com!kerberos.ediacara.org!there.is.no.cabal From: jacker@us.net (James G. Acker) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins Subject: Re: Genetics and the Bear--> Whale Transformation Date: 10 Aug 1997 22:45:33 -0400 Organization: Sonnets 'R Us Lines: 180 Approved: robomod@ediacara.org Message-ID: References: NNTP-Posting-Host: kerberos.ediacara.org X-Provider: US Net - Advanced Internet Services - (301) 572-5926 - info@us.netWhere Business Connects! (tm) -- http://www.us.net/ X-Newsreader: Trumpet for Windows [Version 1.0 Rev B] Xref: biosci bionet.genome.chromosomes:1786 bionet.molbio.evolution:6454 In article david ford writes: >From: david ford >Subject: Genetics and the Bear--> Whale Transformation >Date: 8 Aug 1997 00:43:16 -0400 >James G. Acker on 4 Aug 1997 in talk.origins in > "Rodhocetus (for David Ford)": David's reply begins here: >If you want me to discuss something, your best bet is to post and e-mail >what you'd like replied to. I'm a firm believer in open, public >discussion. The "fact" that all manner of plant and animal structures >came into existence through non-intelligence directed means using >changes in organisms' DNA falls to pieces in the light of genetics, and >that is the angle I'm going to be approaching this claimed discovery of >an intermediate between a land animal and a whale. Since we'll be >discussing genetics, I've included some appropriate newsgroups. To >those in those groups, talk.origins is moderated, and if you want your >posts to show up, you might want to put talk-origins@moderators.uu.net >after the "To:" in your e-mail. I don't like the idea of participating >in a thread named after me, so I've taken the liberty of changing the >title. The title gets its inspiration from the following remark by >Charles Darwin. >"In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours >with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the >water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if the supply of insects were >constant, and if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the >country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by >natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, >with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous >as a whale."[_On the Origin of Species_ (1859), original edition, 184.] Acker: >> It is my contention that all of >> the changes described above are modifications of existing structures, >> and therefore there is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes. Ford: >"There is no obvious genetic barrier to such changes." In the >transformation of a land animal into a whale, approximately how many new >genes would you guesstimate were required? Some areas where new genes >perhaps would be required are in the appearance of the tail fluke, for >any new enzymes or proteins (e.g., perhaps for the whale's skin), for >the new structure that would allow the baby whale to drink milk >underwater, for the cap that is around the nipple, for the organ making >spermaceti, for the muscles and flaps that allow the blowhole to be >closed off when the whale dives, for the baleen filtration system in >baleen whales, for making the mother's milk the composition that it is, >and for the melon. >Geneticists, biologists, please help us out. Jim and I know precious >little about genetics. With genes coding for structures, is it >necessary that every nucleotide be present, or else the structure coded >for develops malformed? For genes coding for proteins, must all the >nucleotides be exactly right? How many triplet codons typically make up >a structural gene, and how many typically make up a gene coding for a >protein? Acker: >> Mr. Ford is >> therefore invited to quantify the genetic barriers to such changes >> that will preclude such microevolutionary modification of the body >> plan of a terrestrial ungulate into that of a modern, fully-aquatic >> whale. If he is unable to do so, he will make tacit admission that his >> definition of microevolution encompasses the body plan modifications >> that are seen in the evolutionary transition from four-legged >> terrestrial ungulate to modern whale. He will also admit that >> Rodhocetus, as stated by the authors, represents an evolutionary >> intermediate in this process. Response to David Ford, 8/10/97 I have several points I'd like to make. First of all, David likes to quote Darwin and his suggestion that a population of bears could become whale-like. That's the reason for the title of the thread. I'll tolerate that because he didn't want his name in a thread, but I want to point out that I believe David intends this to be a subtle form of ridicule. If David were playing fair, he'd called it something like the Terrestrial --> Aquatic transition. No one is claiming that whales evolved from bears! The claim, for which there is substantial evidence predating the discoveries made in the 1990s, is that whales are descended from primitive terrestrial ungulates called artiodactyls. These are also supposed to be ancestral to the pig, cow, and hippopotamus (among others). Next point: David quoted a lot of things necessary in the full transition to modern whales. However, the fossil under consideration is Rodhocetus, and that is what I would like to focus on. David said that evolution does not bring new organs and body plans into being. In the case of whales, he's quite right. The body plan of whales is a highly modified version of the body plan of a terrestrial ungulate. Considering the transition step-by- step lead us directly to Rodhocetus. Therefore, what we have to consider initially is if there are genetic barriers to what is seen in the transition from a fully terrestrial ungulate to Rodhocetus. Obviously, since Rodhocetus is a skeletal fossil missing limbs (notably a tail, so that even the anchor points of a possible tail fluke can't be examined), only a few features can be examined. Therefore, I'd like to perhaps speed up the discussion by considering the changes that are seen specifically in Rodhocetus. So, let's return to the quote from the Gingerich et al. paper published in Nature which led off the discussion. I'm leaving out the second of the three paragraphs, which notes that the fossil was found in deep neritic shelf deposits. It's an important point to keep in mind. "Rodhocetus is important for three reasons. First, it is an early archaeocete that retains high neural spines on anterior thoracics and a pelvis articulating directly with the sacrum. These are primitive characteristics of mammals that support their weight on land, and both suggest that Rodhocetus or an immediate predecessor was still partly terrestrial. At the same time, cervicals are short, enhancing rigidity of the anterior body, sacrals are large but unfused, enhancing power and flexibility, and the femur is reduced, stream- lining the lumbocaudal trunk. These are derived characteristics of later archaeocetes and modern whales associated with aquatic locomotion. Thus the morphology of Rodhocetus is intermediate, as might be expected of a transitional form evolving from land to sea." [delete 2nd paragraph] "Finally, most modern whales have robust lumbar and proximal caudal centra, and all lack fusion of sacral vertebrae, making the lumbocaudal column seamlessly flexible. High dorsal neural spines and long ventral chevrons limit vertebral excursion but provide leverage for powerful axial and abdominal muscles. Rodhocetus has all of these functional features. This indicates that the characteristic cetacean mode of swimming by dorsoventral oscillation of a heavily muscled tail evolved within the first three million years or so of the appearance of archaeocetes. Terminal caudals are lacking in the type specimen of Rodhocetus and we cannot assess the possible presence of a caudal fluke, but it is reasonable to expect development of a fluke to coincide with shortening of the neck, flexibility of the sacrum, and reduction of hind limbs, first observed in Rodhocetus. This idea can be tested when a more complete tail of Rodhocetus is found." So, what we are talking about (primarily) are modifications of the spinal column and femur that made Rodhocetus an adept swimmer that was still partly terrestrial (perhaps to bear young, like elephant seals, walruses, and sea lions do in modern times). The cervical (neck) verterbrae are shortened. The central spine and muscular anchor points are strengthened. The sacral vertebrae are unfused, making the tail more flexible, and the femur is considerably reduced in size. (I also know that the nostrils of Rodhocetus are upturned and set slightly back on the snout. This feature is visible but undiscussed in the diagram of the Rodhocetus skeleton found in the Nature paper.) So, I ask David: do you truly want to find out if there are any genetic barriers to the above modifications? I contend that it is obvious at this point that there is no new information, and all of the observed changes are strictly modifications of existing structures. Will you concede that there is no genetic barrier from a terrestrial ungulate to the changes described by Gingerich for Rodhocetus? If you do not concede the point, where do you think attention should be focused -- which is the likeliest modification to represent a genetic barrier? I note as I finish this on 8/10/97 that I have already seen a reply from Howard Hershey -- definitely a qualified geneticist -- and I am also anticipating David's discussion of Hershey's post. I also appreciate the reply from St. Andrew, which echoed some of the thoughts expressed above. JGA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- This posting was the opinion, like it or not, of: James G. Acker ---> jacker@us.net QUOTE OF THE .SIG: "Whenever you have eliminated the impossible, the possible, however improbable, remains." Sherlock Holmes From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Aug 11 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!news.sprintisp.com!nntp.sprintmail.com!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!rill.news.pipex.net!pipex!tank.news.pipex.net!pipex!krypton.inbe.net!INbe.net!not-for-mail From: ahern@cheerful.com (Esther Buschkens - Ahern) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: help - translocation 1 & 8 Date: Tue, 12 Aug 1997 15:35:03 GMT Organization: ICODA Lines: 18 Message-ID: <33f18067.19563168@news.innet.be> Reply-To: icoda@club.innet.be NNTP-Posting-Host: pool02a-6-242.innet.be Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Newsreader: Forte Agent 1.5/32.451 Hi, I am trying to find information about the chromosome translocation (1 ; 8) - breakpoints p 31.1 and q 24.13. This balanced translocation runs in my husbands family. My husband and I would like to have a baby and therefore I would like to know more about this particular translocation. Our local hospital provided us with general information, but I like to know this could affect my changes of getting pregnant and if there is a change to having a baby with an unbalanced translocation and what this would mean. I would be most grateful if anyone could let me know where I could find more information about this. Thanks, Esther Esther Buschkens - Ahern ------------------ icoda@club.innet.be ------------------ From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Aug 11 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!hammer.uoregon.edu!csulb.edu!news-ext.gatech.edu!gatech!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!dispatch.news.demon.net!demon!news-peer!btnet!server2.netnews.ja.net!news.reading.ac.uk!suma3!abrdlher From: Chromosome Terror Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Re: chromosomes Date: Tue, 12 Aug 1997 07:53:58 +0100 Organization: University of Reading Message-ID: References: <33ef894d.0@news.cloudnet.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: suma3-e2.rdg.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII In-Reply-To: <33ef894d.0@news.cloudnet.com> Lines: 9 On 11 Aug 1997, Thomas J Danzl wrote: > Is there anyone out there reading this newsgroup who is a cytogeneticist? Hands up! Yep, there's me! :) Nach. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 17 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!panix!howland.erols.net!newsfeed.nacamar.de!fu-berlin.de!rag3.rz-berlin.mpg.DE!not-for-mail From: Andrei Grigoriev Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.software,bionet.general,bionet.microbiology Subject: Genome Navigator: E. coli Date: Mon, 18 Aug 1997 22:32:49 +0200 Lines: 42 Message-ID: <33F8B171.167E@NOSPAM.rag3.RZ-Berlin.MPG.DE> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: rag3.rz-berlin.mpg.de (141.14.130.162) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Access: 16 25 816 X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (X11; I; OSF1 V3.2 alpha) Xref: biosci bionet.genome.chromosomes:1792 bionet.software:19354 bionet.general:27831 bionet.microbiology:10786 Genome Navigator now includes E. coli genome http://www.mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de/~andy/GN/E.coli/ E. coli Genome Navigator is a WWW-based visual interactive display and query resource for the complete E. coli genome. It graphically displays coding sequences and other genome elements by functional category and allows users to browse the genome and query external data sources about any of these elements. The primary source of data is the GenBank flat file from the E. coli Genome Center. Bacterial functional categories are taken from the PEDANT server at MIPS. The genome is displayed using DerBrowser, a Java applet, used at the Genome Navigator site to display other genomes (currently human, mouse and yeast). This applet, designed as a universal tool to display and navigate various types of maps, among other features allows a user to query external databases about any map object. The list of data sources currently includes: SRS, SWISS-PROT and ENZYME at Expasy server, E. coli data at NCBI, PEDANT, DBGET/LinkDB and LIGAND at GenomeNet, EcoCyc at SRI International, as well as CGSC: E.coli Genetic Stock Center. This flexible system not only provides positional view of any genomic region, but also allows for easy and transparent access to structural, functional, metabolic pathway and E. coli strain information. Andrei Grigoriev Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 17 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!hammer.uoregon.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.erols.net!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!baron.netcom.net.uk!netcom.net.uk!server3.netnews.ja.net!news.ox.ac.uk!andypmac.zoo.ox.ac.uk!user From: enquiries@vei.co.uk Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Bioinformatics Conference Date: Mon, 18 Aug 1997 09:41:57 +0100 Organization: Virtual Environments International Lines: 207 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: andypmac.zoo.ox.ac.uk Bioinformatics IEC-1 - FIRST INTERNET-EXTENDED BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE ************************************************************************ The First Internet-Extended Bioinformatics conference will be held from Monday Nov 17 -> Friday Nov 28 1997 and will combine the use of a virtual conference and workshop (http://www.vei.co.uk/bioinfiec1/)followed by a physical conference and workshop in the Paragon hotel in London, UK. The virtual conference and workshop will run from Nov 17, the physical workshop will take place on Nov 26 and the physical conference on Nov 27-28. The focus of the conference is on the methods of bioinformatics and their application to current topical areas of research including genomics, datamining, lead drug discovery, sequence retrieval, alignment and modelling, molecular evolution, phylogenetic analysis, genetic variation, functional analysis and visualisation. A special feature of the event will be the use of Internet technology to enhance and extend the activities of the event both in the use and demonstration of methods and software and in the extension of the physical event to include virtual activities before and during the physical conference. Bioinformatics has unique and significant activities in both the private and public sectors and the target audience for the physical conference will be senior researchers and managers in both. The virtual facilities will also extend the event to a broader international audience both to corporate intranets and to academic researchers in remote locations. The virtual conference will allow the presentation of virtual lectures, papers and posters via the WWW, their discussion in a real-time virtual conference centre and the demonstration of methods, software and tools. The virtual workshop will allow registrants to participate in tutorials and applications over the Internet in the ten days proceeding the physical conference which will host an all-day hands-on physical workshop at an on-site bank of computers with an Internet conection. The physical conference will consist of lectures, panel discussions, an electronic poster session, and exhibitor stands. The lectures will be broadcast live over the Internet using audio, live cameras and a virtual slide facility with questions and comments accepted live from virtual participants. Presentations for the virtual conference must be prepared in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) with figures in GIF or other Web-compatible formats so that participants can view the papers via the World Wide Web (The presentations may also include enhancements such as 3D structures, VRML, Java, RealAudio, Quicktime movies etc.) Powerpoint presentations will be used for the virtual presentation of conference lectures. Aid and consultation is provided to participants who may address their queries to the conference hot-line at bioinforg@vei.co.uk. Further details will be given in the authors' guide accessible via http://www.vei.co.uk/bioinfiec1/. Conference sections by topic are: Molecular Evolution, Virology, Datamining; Lead Drug Discovery; Sequence retrieval, Alignment and Modelling; Phylogenetic analysis; Genetic variation; Functional Analysis; Visualisation; Population Analysis; Internet Databases & Information Retrieval; Structural Biology; HIV Modelling; Prions; and Applications in Cancer Research. During the virtual conference interaction, presentations and discussions will take place via the Internet using a Java-based virtual conference centre, WWW-based discussion forums and an electronic mailing list. Before the conference, a timetable for lectures and discussion sessions for each section will be posted. The virtual and physical workshops will cover topics including search engines, biological resources on the WWW, bibliographic databases, sequence retrieval and alignment, structure generation and advanced modelling and visualization techniques. 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Email your abstract directly to bioinfabstracts@vei.co.uk. Fuller details of the scope of each section is given in the authors' guide accessible via http://www.vei.co.uk/bioinfiec1/ Your abstract should be no longer than 300 words. And remember to state which forms of presentation you will use (virtual poster presentation, virtual lecture, physical poster presentation) you wish and which subject section the presentation is being placed in. For example you could present a WWW poster on Visualization in the Virtual Conference and accompany it with a physical poster at the physical conference. Computers will be available at the physical conference for the presentation and discussion of the virtual posters and the demonstration of software and methods. 4) DEADLINE for receipt of PRESENTATION The deadline for receipt of presentations is November 1. You must deposit your text and graphics files at the conference ftp site following the instructions available at http://www.vei.co.uk/bioinfiec1/. Any general e-mails (such as registration queries, maillist queries, HTML queries, password queries, timetable queries, general technical advice on browsers and graphics, etc) should be sent to: bioinforg@vei.co.uk From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Mon Aug 18 23:00:00 1997 From: matteliz@inlink.com (Matthew & Elizabeth Heironimus) Subject: Cytochrome C Date: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 23:45:33 GMT Message-ID: <33fa2fe7.5756414@news.inlink.com> X-Newsreader: Forte Free Agent 1.1/16.230 Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Lines: 4 Path: biosci!agate!hammer.uoregon.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news-sea-19.sprintlink.net!news-in-west.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!206.196.96.3!news1.inlink.com!news.inlink.com Where can I locate nucleotide sequences for the genes for cytochrome c in humans and other organisms? Elizabeth Heironimus matteliz@inlink.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Aug 19 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!daresbury!uninett.no!news-feed.inet.tele.dk!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!europa.clark.net!205.252.116.205!howland.erols.net!newspump.sol.net!news.pagesat.net!news.itis.com!news.doit.wisc.edu!news From: Mark Molenda Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: (no subject) Date: 20 Aug 1997 02:43:18 GMT Organization: UW-Madison Lines: 10 Message-ID: <5tdlk6$1giq@news.doit.wisc.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: wn067-033.wiscnet.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.22 (Windows; I; 16bit) Scientific Digital Imaging is a new company specializing in accessories for the life sciences and medical imaging products. Presently SDI specializes in ALL forms of paper for thermal and dye sub printers being used in imaging systems. The prices for Mitsubishi, Sony, Toshiba and many more paper is 25-50% off retail. SDI also carries cameras and printers at 25-50% off. They can be contacted at 414-476-2694 or at scidi@juno.com. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Aug 24 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.kornet.nm.kr!howland.erols.net!netnews.com!ix.netcom.com!news From: "Mead" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Ring-22 Date: 25 Aug 1997 12:33:11 GMT Organization: Mead Lines: 1 Message-ID: <01bcb149$312a0e60$2e06b8cd@mmyers> NNTP-Posting-Host: hun-al1-14.ix.netcom.com X-NETCOM-Date: Mon Aug 25 7:33:11 AM CDT 1997 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1155 Is anyone familiar with Ring-22 chromosome deficiency? From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Aug 26 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!internet!biosci!not-for-mail From: biohelp (BIOSCI Administrator) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: BIOSCI/bionet miniFAQ & Fundraiser Date: 27 Aug 1997 02:00:33 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 233 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199708270900.CAA03900@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net (LAST REVISION: 30-JUL-95) This BIOSCI "miniFAQ" is designed to answer the questions that come up the *most frequently*. The main BIOSCI FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) is accessible on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.bio.net/. If you can not find an answer to your question in this or other documentation, the BIOSCI technical support staff answers e-mail queries sent to biosci-help@net.bio.net We can only answer questions about the use of the newsgroups and mailing lists. We unfortunately do not have the staff to do Internet information searches or answer scientific questions. Please post those to the appropriate BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. Contents: -------- 0) BIOSCI NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT!! 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. 0) BIOSCI NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT!! ------------------------------ BIOSCI's government funding has been expended, and we are now operating solely from advertising revenue that we have raised from our Web site at http://www.bio.net/. We need just a few minutes of your time to help us serve you. You can do two important things which will take very little time for you individually and will immensely help us continue to help you. First, please use our WWW system at http://www.bio.net/ to access the archives. You can post or reply to messages via your Web browser as described in item #1 below. Your usage helps attract sponsors. If you contact any of our sponsors, please be sure to thank them for supporting BIOSCI. It is critical for them to get this feedback if they are to continue their sponsorship for the long term. Second, if you work for a company or organization that provides products or services of interest to the biology community, please pass this message on to your marketing or marketing communications department or other appropriate group. Please ask them to help support BIOSCI by sponsoring our Web site and explain the uses and benefits of the system to the biology community. If they are interested, they can then contact us for further information at our tech support address, biosci-help@net.bio.net. 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. -------------------------------------------------------- As of 10 December 1995, all BIOSCI/bionet full newsgroups are accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW) at URL http://www.bio.net. One can read and reply publicly or privately to both recent postings and archived messages through one's Web browser if it is configured properly to send e-mail. Each newsgroup is equipped with its own WAIS index. The main BIOSCI home page also has access to the BIO-JOURNALS Table of Contents database WAIS index and the BIOSCI user address database described in another item further below. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. ------------------------------------------------------- BIOSCI is a set of parallel USENET newsgroups (the "bionet" groups), mailing lists, and a hypermail archive at URL http://www.bio.net/. The same postings are distributed on all media (except for a small number of mailing-list-only groups at net.bio.net). Unfortunately it is becoming a despicable practice on the Internet (by a few people out to make a fast buck) to do automated mass postings to thousands of newsgroups and mailing lists. These attempts to grab free advertising are refered to as "spams" in the usual, somewhat boneheaded, net terminology. USENET is more susceptible to this practice, and many spams originate on the USENET groups and then are passed on to the mailing lists. However, spammers also get lists of mailing addresses and hit these too, so neither medium is immune. What should you do personally if you get junk mail? --------------------------------------------------- Just delete it and move on without reading it further. Filing a protest is becoming increasingly useless because spammers are often disguising the addresses where the messages are sent from. Unless you really understand Internet mail systems, your attempt at protest by sending replies to the message will often end up being sent to the address of an innocent person that the spammer is victimizing. What can BIOSCI/bionet do to protect its newsgroups? ---------------------------------------------------- The only solution currently available is to moderate the newsgroup. If this newsgroup is already moderated, then you are in good shape. Moderation protects the USENET distribution from about 95% of the spams that are being sent to date and protects the mailing lists completely. Moderation means, however, that someone has to take the time to review each message before it goes out. We have set up software here that simply allows the moderator to forward to an address at net.bio.net messages that (s)he wishes to have distributed. This takes no more time than that needed to read the message and pass it on, say about 1 min. per message. Most newsgroups currently have a discussion leader who is responsible for their newsgroup. The discussions leaders and their e-mail addresses are listed in the BIOSCI Information Sheet which is available on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. If a newsgroup is being hit with too many junk postings, please contact the discussion leader for that group and see if there is interest in moderating the group. Please do not assume that by simply posting a complaint to the newsgroup itself, anyone on the BIOSCI staff will act on your complaint. With close to 100 newsgroups to run, the BIOSCI staff has to rely on the discussion leaders of each newsgroup to report problems directly to us at biosci-help@net.bio.net. We will moderate any of our newsgroups if the discussion leader tells us that the readership of the group wishes to do so and if a moderator is willing to do the work. For most BIOSCI/bionet groups, this entails only a few minutes of work each day. Moderating a newsgroup will resolve probably 95% of the junk postings on the USENET distribution. Unfortunately there are easy ways for determined spammers to override the moderation mechanism on USENET, but we can protect our e-mail subscribers from unwanted postings if the newsgroup is moderated. You can also access our newsgroups over the WWW at URL http://www.bio.net. While this Web interface will not stop spammers from trying to post to the groups, this will give you yet another way, besides using USENET news, to keep the junk out of your personal mail files. For those of you with local USENET news systems, the Web interface will also give you faster access to new newsgroups and recent postings. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. ------------------------------------------------------------------ PLEASE NOTE: The BIOSCI management does NOT act on subscription/unsubscription requests that are posted improperly to the newsgroups and mailing lists. People who do this only bother everyone on the lists to no avail. Please be sure to follow the proper procedures below. Gory details are in the BIOSCI Information sheets on the Web at http://www.bio.net. Below we give an example utilizing the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list at both of our two BIOSCI sites: Users in the Americas and Pacific Rim countries who use the BIOSCI ------------------------------------------------------------------ node at computer net.bio.net: ---------------------------- A) Determine the "listname" which is the <=8 character mail address ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ for the group. These can be found in the BIOSCI Info. Sheet. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS group the mailing address is methods@net.bio.net. The listname is the portion of the address to the left of the @ sign, i.e., "methods". The listname is used with the "subscribe" and "unsubscribe" commands illustrated below. B) Mail all commands in the body of a mail message addressed to biosci-server@net.bio.net. Do NOT send commands to the newsgroup posting addresses! Leave the Subject: line blank, any text on it will be ignored. C) In the body of your message put one or more of the following commands with an "end" command on the last line, e.g., subscribe methods unsubscribe methods end Do NOT put your e-mail address or other text on these lines. The server only allows you to cancel your subscription if the address on your mail header matches the address on our mailing list. Please ask for help at biosci-help@net.bio.net if your address has changed, e.g., if you know you are on the list but the server tells you that you are not a member. Users in Europe, Africa, and Central Asia who use the BIOSCI node at -------------------------------------------------------------------- computer daresbury.ac.uk (also known as dl.ac.uk): ------------------------------------------------- To subscribe and unsubscribe to/from the BIOSCI lists, you need to specify the full USENET newsgroup name with "bionet-news." prepended. The USENET newsgroup names are listed in the BIOSCI Information sheet on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list the USENET newsgroup name is bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts, thus the appropriate commands are sub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts unsub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts These commands are included in a message addressed to mxt@dl.ac.uk, NOT to the newsgroup mailing addresses. As usual, include the text in the body of the message as text on the Subject: line is ignored. To unsubscribe from all the lists at the UK node, use unsub bionet-news Please note that if the address in the list is different than the one in your mail message header, you will not be able to unsubscribe by this method. If you have problems, please mail biosci@daresbury.ac.uk. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. ----------------------------------------------------------- Please take this opportunity to add your name, address, and research interest information to the BIOSCI User Address Database if you have not already done so. You can fill out the address form directly through our Web page at URL http://www.bio.net/adrform.html. The address database is reindexed nightly for WWW access (the URL is http://www.bio.net/). If you are not directly on the Internet but can reach it by e-mail, please use our waismail server to access the user directory. waismail use is described above. You can also request a user address form by e-mail from biosci-help@net.bio.net. Please check your database entry from time-to-time to see if your address information is still up-to-date. Because of our limited personnel resources, we ask that you resubmit a *complete* form to revise your entry; we only replace complete entries and do not have resources to edit old forms. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Aug 26 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!aol.com!SueDeInMA From: SueDeInMA@aol.com Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: translocation of #4 and #18 chromosomes Date: 27 Aug 1997 10:50:48 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 7 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <970827134926_-567698142@emout18.mail.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net does anyone have any information about the translocation of these two chromosomes? it seems to be a partial translocation only two thirds of each was translocated. any info on viability of a fetus would be greatly appreciated thank-you very much From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Aug 28 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsxfer3.itd.umich.edu!oleane!jussieu.fr!univ-angers.fr!ciril.fr!news.ujf-grenoble.fr!cepax4.cephag.inpg.fr!choulet From: Choulet christian Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: L'escargot Date: Fri, 29 Aug 1997 13:19:53 +0200 Organization: Universite Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France Lines: 6 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: cepax4.cephag.inpg.fr Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE J'aurais aime savoir comment le fait qu'une esp=E8ce soit hermaphrodite (= =20 comme l'escargot) se traduit sur son cariotype au niveau des chromosomes=20 sexuels. Un grand merci pour l'aide pr=E9cieuse que votre message va apporter.