From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Mar 04 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!news.kodak.com!news-pen-14.sprintlink.net!206.229.87.26!news-east.sprintlink.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!newsfeed.direct.ca!newsfeed.sovam.com!sovam!mtu.ru!Radio-MSU.net!news2.aha.ru!aha!not-for-mail From: "Vladimir I. Stobetsky" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: induced telomeric fusion Date: 5 Mar 1998 19:53:23 GMT Organization: Mr. Postman Lines: 216 Sender: sto@p35-n67.dip.aha.ru Message-ID: <01bd486f$ac0f5e60$LocalHost@privateu> NNTP-Posting-Host: p35-n67.dip.aha.ru X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Dear colleagues, The attached file saved in MS Word'97 format has a brief information on the phenomenon that I have discovered several years ago and the list of publications in the area of functioning of telomeres. Please forward this e-mail to those who work in the same field or recommend me on who might be interested in this problem. I would like to share my experience and my ideas as well as to listen to your comments on this issue. ******************************************************* l Key words : CHROMOSOMA,INDUCED TELOMERIC FUSION The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes The history of phenomena of mitotic chromosome transformation (MCT) began in 1964 when the chromosome morphology of Chinese hamster cell line Don was described under prolonged colcemid treatment that induced the cells with micronuclei. At the first mitotic division of these polykaryocytes the chromosomes with portions of delayed spiralization (PDS) were discovered (Stubblefield,1964). The simultaneous treatment with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) of Chinese hamster cells led to appearance of dicentric chromosomes at the first mitotic division of cells with micronuclei. The absence of double fragments in such metaphases and the fact that they could not be lost brought us to the conclusion that dicentrics were formed by "end-to-end fusions " (Stobetsky,1976). As the 5-BrdU was incorporated into DNA for two S-periods it was shown that chromosomes in dicentrics were in the condition of telomeric fusion till the second S-period. Therefore the discovered dicentrics were the result of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes (Stobetsky,1978b). The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes is the first experimental model of the purposeful influence on the function of telomeres in mammalian cells through MCT. We used in our experiments the heteroploid Chinese hamster cell line B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone237S) as a rule, but the phenomenon was reproduced in heteroploid Chinese hamster cell line CHO-6 also (Stobetsky,1990). Another halogenated analogs of thymidine (HAT),except 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdU) were applyed. The chemicals, such as colcemid (0,1 microg/ml ), 5-BrdU (20 -50 microg/ml) were administrated in actively growing cell culture, usually day after seeding. Temperature of cell cultivation was 37_C excepting some cases. The cells fixed after 42 hours cultivation with drugs. About 30% metaphases of polykaryocytes contained dicentric chromosomes Some metaphases contained besides the normal chromosomes also chromosomes with PDS and "chromosome pulverization". The last abnormalities were present in cell line B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone 237S) after prolonged colcemid treatment alone (Stobetsky,1978a). Our experiments showed that chromosomes with PDS did not correspond to prematurely condensed chromosomes. Having analyzed three cytogenetic phenomena - delayed spiralization of metaphase chromosome portions, delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes and premature centromere division of the X-chromosome - we concluded that in this case the routine scheme (gene - protein - chromatin) could not work. These phenomena are presumably associated with the existence of a system of MCT independent of the cytoplasm (Stobetsky,1988c) . It was shown in series of the experiments the following: 1. The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes was reproduced in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids (Stobetsky et al.,1984). 2. It was discovered that this phenomenon appeared when the 5-BrdU was incorporated for two S-periods or during the first S-period , so the differential incorporation of analog into sister chromatids was necessary(Stobetsky, Mironova,1987). 3. Another HAT such as 5-iododeoxyuridine (5-IdU) and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (5-ChldU) also induced telomeric chromosome fusion in cells with micronuclei derived from cell line B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone 237S) (Stobetsky et al.,1987;Stobetsky,Mironova,1988d).The intensity of dicentric formation depends on molecular weight of HAT. So the 5-BrdU was more effective than 5-IdU,and 5-ChldU was more effective than 5-BrdU.Under subsequent incorporation of 5-IdU and 5-ChldU and vice versa we found that strong or weak reaction in respect to dicentric formation depends on which analog was administered in the first S-period (Stobetsky, Mironova,1989). 4. It was shown that certain factors exist which change the intensity of dicentric formation. 5-azacytidine and hyperthermia (40_ C) enhanced the frequency of dicentric chromosomes when using 5-BrdU, so that sometimes tricentric were formed (Stobetsky,Mironova,1988a; Stobetsky,Mironova,1988b). In the following experiments it was shown that intensity of dicentric formation was directly connected with the temperature of cultivation when using 5-BrdU.The action of hyperthermia (40_C) during the whole period (42 hrs) of colcemid and 5-BrdU treatment or that of the hyperthermia (40_ C ) only for the first 17 hours ( the first interphase and the first mitosis) led to the increased frequency of dicentrics. Under condition of hypothermia (34_ C) the frequency of dicentric formation decreases. Changes in cultivation temperature during the last 25 hours of colcemid and 5-BrdU action (the second interphase and the second mitosis) exerted no influence on dicentric formation frequency (Stobetsky,1991a). 5. The most significant data were obtained when Chinese hamster cells B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone 237S) when exposed to colcemid,various HAT and hyper-,normo and hypothermia. The minimum frequency of dicentrics was found in the case of using 5-IdU and hypothermia (34_C) .Under these conditions we observed the depression of mitotic activity and also we often witnessed the chromosomes with PDS of good quality.The maximum level of dicentrics was discovered under action of 5-ChldU and hyperthermia (40_ C).Chromosomes with PDS were not found in the latter case, but unusually great frequency tri- and quadriradials was registered (Stobetsky,1991b). 6. Chinese hamster heteroploid cell culture was treated by colcemid for 42 h ,of which within the first 17 h by 5-BrdU. Dicentric chromosomes, that were formed at the 2nd mitosis after colcemid administration , were analysed using G-banding. Of 211 only 40 were made by heterological chromosomes. Other 171 dicentrics fere formed by telomeric fusion of autological chromosomes. No correlation was found between the length, centromeric index and frequency of dicentric formation. (Stobetsky et al., 1994). References 1. Stubblefield E. (1964). DNA synthesis and chromosomal morphology of Chinese hamster cells cultured in media containing n-deacethyl-n-methylcolchicine (colcemid). In: Cytogenetics of cells in culture. N.-Y. 223-248. 2. Stobetsky V.I. (1976). Chromosome fusion by telomeres in cells treated with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No 9. 1142-1144. 3. Stobetsky V.I. (1978a). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro. I. A comparison of mitotic chromosome condensation in fused human heterophasic cells and Chinese hamster cells with micronuclei . Biologisches Zentralblatt .97: 587-594. 4. Stobetsky V.I. (1978b). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro. II. The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes.Biologisches Zentralblatt . 97: 595-604. 5. Stobetsky V.I., Grachev V.P., Mironova L.L. (1984). The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links betveen chromosomes in polykaryocytes from human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. (Russ). No 7. 87-88. 6. Stobetsky V.I., Mironova L.L. (1987). A delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes in the experimentally induced cells with micronuclei under treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine at the first S-period after colcemid administration. (Russ). Tsitologia.. 29:724-727. 7. Stobetsky V.I., Khapchaev Yu. Kh. ,Mironova L.L. (1987). The induction of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes in cells with micronuclei by 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull. Exptl. Biol. Med. No 7. 83-85. 8. Stobetsky V.I., Mironova L.L. (1988a). Effect of 5-azacytidine on the number of polycentric chromosomes in cells with micronuclei during exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull. Exptl. Biol. Med. No4 479-480. 9. Stobetsky V.I. ,Mironova L.L. (1988b). The enhanced intensity of polycentric chromosome formation in cells with micronuclei after 5-bromodeoxyuridine treatment under prolonged hyperthermia at 40_C. (Russ). Tsitologia. 30:358-360. 10. Stobetsky V.I. (1988c). On the nature of three cytogenetic phenomena - delayed spiralization of metaphase chromosome portions , delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes and premature centromere division of the X-chromosome . (Russ). Tsitologia . 30:1270-1272 . 11. Stobetsky V.I., Mironova L.L. (1988d). 5-Chlorodeoxyuridine induces the formation of specific dicentric chromosomes in cells with micronuclei more effectively than does 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Tsitologia. . 30:1498-1500. 12. Stobetsky V.I. , Mironova L.L. (1989). Telomeric fusion of chromosomes in cells with micronuclei under subsequent incorporation of halogenated analogs of thymidine into DNA. (Russ). Tsitologia . 31:1242-1244. 13. Stobetsky V.I. (1990). Induction of specific dicentric chromosomes in Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO-6 . (Russ). Tsitologia.32:92-94. 14. Stobetsky V.I. (1991a). The induced telomeric chromosome fusion under conditions of pulse action of hyper- or hypothermia. (Russ). Tsitologia .33:116-118. 15. Stobetsky V.I. (1991b). Telomeric chromosome fusion in cells with micronuclei in the conditions of combined action of hyper- or hypothermia and halogenated analogs of thymidine . (Russ). Bull. Exptl. Biol. Med. No7. 72-73. 16. Stobetsky V.I., Chebotarev A.N., Mironova L.L. (1994). Analysis of chromosome combinations in dicentric at the induced telomeric fusion. (Russ). Tsitologia. 36:60-63. **************************************************************************** ****** Vladimir I. Stobetsky Senior Scientist Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology App. 116, 6 Novoorlovskaya St. Moscow, 119633, Russia tel: +7 095 731 8932 e-mail address: sto@aha.ru From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Sun Mar 08 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!logbridge.uoregon.edu!feed2.news.erols.com!erols!Gamma.RU!srcc!news2.aha.ru!aha!not-for-mail From: "Vladimir I. Stobetsky" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes Date: 9 Mar 1998 09:05:03 GMT Organization: Mr. Postman Lines: 204 Sender: sto@p38.n77.dip.aha.ru Message-ID: <01bd4b3a$9e9fc8a0$264d02c3@privateu> NNTP-Posting-Host: p38.n77.dip.aha.ru X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Key words : CHROMOSOMA,INDUCED TELOMERIC FUSION The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes The history of phenomena of mitotic chromosome transformation (MCT) began in 1964 when the chromosome morphology of Chinese hamster cell line Don was described under prolonged colcemid treatment that induced the cells with micronuclei. At the first mitotic division of these polykaryocytes the chromosomes with portions of delayed spiralization (PDS) were discovered (Stubblefield,1964). The simultaneous treatment with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) of Chinese hamster cells led to appearance of dicentric chromosomes at the first mitotic division of cells with micronuclei. The absence of double fragments in such metaphases and the fact that they could not be lost brought us to the conclusion that dicentrics were formed by "end-to-end fusions " (Stobetsky,1976). As the 5-BrdU was incorporated into DNA for two S-periods it was shown that chromosomes in dicentrics were in the condition of telomeric fusion till the second S-period. Therefore the discovered dicentrics were the result of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes (Stobetsky,1978b). The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes is the first experimental model of the purposeful influence on the function of telomeres in mammalian cells through MCT. We used in our experiments the heteroploid Chinese hamster cell line B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone237S) as a rule, but the phenomenon was reproduced in heteroploid Chinese hamster cell line CHO-6 also (Stobetsky,1990). Another halogenated analogs of thymidine (HAT),except 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdU) were applyed. The chemicals, such as colcemid (0,1 microg/ml ), 5-BrdU (20 -50 microg/ml) were administrated in actively growing cell culture, usually day after seeding. Temperature of cell cultivation was 37_C excepting some cases. The cells fixed after 42 hours cultivation with drugs. About 30% metaphases of polykaryocytes contained dicentric chromosomes Some metaphases contained besides the normal chromosomes also chromosomes with PDS and "chromosome pulverization". The last abnormalities were present in cell line B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone 237S) after prolonged colcemid treatment alone (Stobetsky,1978a). Our experiments showed that chromosomes with PDS did not correspond to prematurely condensed chromosomes. Having analyzed three cytogenetic phenomena - delayed spiralization of metaphase chromosome portions, delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes and premature centromere division of the X-chromosome - we concluded that in this case the routine scheme (gene - protein - chromatin) could not work. These phenomena are presumably associated with the existence of a system of MCT independent of the cytoplasm (Stobetsky,1988c) . It was shown in series of the experiments the following: 1. The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes was reproduced in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids (Stobetsky et al.,1984). 2. It was discovered that this phenomenon appeared when the 5-BrdU was incorporated for two S-periods or during the first S-period , so the differential incorporation of analog into sister chromatids was necessary(Stobetsky, Mironova,1987). 3. Another HAT such as 5-iododeoxyuridine (5-IdU) and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (5-ChldU) also induced telomeric chromosome fusion in cells with micronuclei derived from cell line B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone 237S) (Stobetsky et al.,1987;Stobetsky,Mironova,1988d).The intensity of dicentric formation depends on molecular weight of HAT. So the 5-BrdU was more effective than 5-IdU,and 5-ChldU was more effective than 5-BrdU.Under subsequent incorporation of 5-IdU and 5-ChldU and vice versa we found that strong or weak reaction in respect to dicentric formation depends on which analog was administered in the first S-period (Stobetsky, Mironova,1989). 4. It was shown that certain factors exist which change the intensity of dicentric formation. 5-azacytidine and hyperthermia (40_ C) enhanced the frequency of dicentric chromosomes when using 5-BrdU, so that sometimes tricentric were formed (Stobetsky,Mironova,1988a; Stobetsky,Mironova,1988b). In the following experiments it was shown that intensity of dicentric formation was directly connected with the temperature of cultivation when using 5-BrdU.The action of hyperthermia (40_C) during the whole period (42 hrs) of colcemid and 5-BrdU treatment or that of the hyperthermia (40_ C ) only for the first 17 hours ( the first interphase and the first mitosis) led to the increased frequency of dicentrics. Under condition of hypothermia (34_ C) the frequency of dicentric formation decreases. Changes in cultivation temperature during the last 25 hours of colcemid and 5-BrdU action (the second interphase and the second mitosis) exerted no influence on dicentric formation frequency (Stobetsky,1991a). 5. The most significant data were obtained when Chinese hamster cells B11d-ii-FAF28 (clone 237S) when exposed to colcemid,various HAT and hyper-,normo and hypothermia. The minimum frequency of dicentrics was found in the case of using 5-IdU and hypothermia (34_C) .Under these conditions we observed the depression of mitotic activity and also we often witnessed the chromosomes with PDS of good quality.The maximum level of dicentrics was discovered under action of 5-ChldU and hyperthermia (40_ C).Chromosomes with PDS were not found in the latter case, but unusually great frequency tri- and quadriradials was registered (Stobetsky,1991b). 6. Chinese hamster heteroploid cell culture was treated by colcemid for 42 h ,of which within the first 17 h by 5-BrdU. Dicentric chromosomes, that were formed at the 2nd mitosis after colcemid administration , were analysed using G-banding. Of 211 only 40 were made by heterological chromosomes. Other 171 dicentrics fere formed by telomeric fusion of autological chromosomes. No correlation was found between the length, centromeric index and frequency of dicentric formation. (Stobetsky et al., 1994). References 1. Stubblefield E. (1964). DNA synthesis and chromosomal morphology of Chinese hamster cells cultured in media containing n-deacethyl-n-methylcolchicine (colcemid). In: Cytogenetics of cells in culture. N.-Y. 223-248. 2. Stobetsky V.I. (1976). Chromosome fusion by telomeres in cells treated with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No 9. 1142-1144. 3. Stobetsky V.I. (1978a). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro. I. A comparison of mitotic chromosome condensation in fused human heterophasic cells and Chinese hamster cells with micronuclei . Biologisches Zentralblatt .97: 587-594. 4. Stobetsky V.I. (1978b). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro. II. The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes.Biologisches Zentralblatt . 97: 595-604. 5. Stobetsky V.I., Grachev V.P., Mironova L.L. (1984). The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links betveen chromosomes in polykaryocytes from human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. (Russ). No 7. 87-88. 6. Stobetsky V.I., Mironova L.L. (1987). A delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes in the experimentally induced cells with micronuclei under treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine at the first S-period after colcemid administration. (Russ). Tsitologia.. 29:724-727. 7. Stobetsky V.I., Khapchaev Yu. Kh. ,Mironova L.L. (1987). The induction of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes in cells with micronuclei by 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull. Exptl. Biol. Med. No 7. 83-85. 8. Stobetsky V.I., Mironova L.L. (1988a). Effect of 5-azacytidine on the number of polycentric chromosomes in cells with micronuclei during exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull. Exptl. Biol. Med. No4 479-480. 9. Stobetsky V.I. ,Mironova L.L. (1988b). The enhanced intensity of polycentric chromosome formation in cells with micronuclei after 5-bromodeoxyuridine treatment under prolonged hyperthermia at 40_C. (Russ). Tsitologia. 30:358-360. 10. Stobetsky V.I. (1988c). On the nature of three cytogenetic phenomena - delayed spiralization of metaphase chromosome portions , delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes and premature centromere division of the X-chromosome . (Russ). Tsitologia . 30:1270-1272 . 11. Stobetsky V.I., Mironova L.L. (1988d). 5-Chlorodeoxyuridine induces the formation of specific dicentric chromosomes in cells with micronuclei more effectively than does 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Tsitologia. . 30:1498-1500. 12. Stobetsky V.I. , Mironova L.L. (1989). Telomeric fusion of chromosomes in cells with micronuclei under subsequent incorporation of halogenated analogs of thymidine into DNA. (Russ). Tsitologia . 31:1242-1244. 13. Stobetsky V.I. (1990). Induction of specific dicentric chromosomes in Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO-6 . (Russ). Tsitologia.32:92-94. 14. Stobetsky V.I. (1991a). The induced telomeric chromosome fusion under conditions of pulse action of hyper- or hypothermia. (Russ). Tsitologia .33:116-118. 15. Stobetsky V.I. (1991b). Telomeric chromosome fusion in cells with micronuclei in the conditions of combined action of hyper- or hypothermia and halogenated analogs of thymidine . (Russ). Bull. Exptl. Biol. Med. No7. 72-73. 16. Stobetsky V.I., Chebotarev A.N., Mironova L.L. (1994). Analysis of chromosome combinations in dicentric at the induced telomeric fusion. (Russ). Tsitologia. 36:60-63. **************************************************************************** ****** Vladimir I. Stobetsky Senior Scientist Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology App. 116, 6 Novoorlovskaya St. Moscow, 119633, Russia tel: +7 095 731 8932 e-mail address: sto@aha.ru From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Mar 12 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!HP.FCIENCIAS.UNAM.MX!hmam From: hmam@HP.FCIENCIAS.UNAM.MX ("Hector M. Abundis Manzano") Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: dromex-l Date: 13 Mar 1998 15:48:22 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 38 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: Reply-To: "Hector M. Abundis Manzano" NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net La Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, a traves del laboratorio de Genetica de la Facultad de Ciencias, a generado una lista de discusion sobre topicos de Drosophila en espanol, dado el creciente interes en todo los paises en el uso de Drosophila como un sistema para realizar todo tipo de investigaciones, se decidio crear un foro en espanol, en el cual puedan discutirse todos aquellos puntos realacionados con Drosophila, esperamos que esta lista sea de utilidad para toda la comunidad academica, por lo que les hacemos una atenta invitacion a suscribirse a ella. Este foro esta administrado por el servidor hp.fciencias. unam.mx, por lo que para suscribirse solo tendran que enviar un mensaje a: Majordomo@hp.fciencias.unam.mx Con el texto subscribe dromex-l A vuelta de correo ustedes recibiran un mensaje en el cual se les pide su confirmacion de suscripcion, deberan de contestarlo con los datos que se adjuntaran y asi completaran su incorparocion a la lista de suscriptores. Para evitar la entrada de todos aquellos mensajes de publicidad que no desean recibir, la lista de discusion es modera, razon por la cual solo se enviaran aquellos mensajes que traten algun tema relacionado al interes de los suscriptores. Agradecemos de antemano, su atencion a este mensaje y los invitamos a suscribirse y participar de manera activa enviando comoentarios, preguntas o algun otro tema de interes comun. Por favor hagan llegar esta invitacion a las personas interesadas en un foro de este tipo. Gracias Hector Abundis Lab. de Genetica Fac. Ciencias, UNAM Mexico, D.F. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Mar 13 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.wli.net!newsfeed.direct.ca!newsfeed.sovam.com!sovam!mtu.ru!Radio-MSU.net!news2.aha.ru!aha!not-for-mail From: "Vladimir I. Stobetsky" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: halogenated analogs of thymidine Date: 14 Mar 1998 06:54:19 GMT Organization: Mr. Postman Lines: 101 Sender: sto@p49.n77.dip.aha.ru Message-ID: <01bd4ebb$72e36d00$LocalHost@privateu> NNTP-Posting-Host: p49.n77.dip.aha.ru X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Key words: halogenated analogs of thymidine, human lymphocytes, allocyclic chromosomes Cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes under treatment with halogenated analogs of thymidine After prolonged co-treatment of heteroploid Chinese hamster cells with colcemid, that induced cells with micronuclei, and halogenated analogs of thymidine (HAT) such as 5-iododeoxyuridine (5-IdU), 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (5-ChldU) were discovered dicentric chromosomes formed by "end-to-end fusions" (Stobetsky,1976). Registered dicentrics were a result of delayed disruption of telomeric links existed in interphase nucleus (Stobetsky,1978). In this study we investigated the cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes under treatment with low doses HAT. In experiments we used peripheral blood of healthy donors - man at the age 44 years an woman at the age 35 years. We added to 0,5 ml heparinized blood 0,2 ml PHA , 6,0 ml Eagle medium and 1,5 ml calf serum. The cells cultured at 37o C. HAT (20 microg/ml) administrated at 48 h of cultivation for 20 h. The cells treated with colcemid (0,1 microg/ml) during last 1,5 h. Chromosome reparations made with standard method. In each case we scored 100 metaphases. Results Most frequently we observed the delay of spiralization in the region of constitutive heterochromatin in chromosome No9. Table No1.Frequency of chromosome abnormalities in human lymphocytes under treatment with HAT. Type of abnormality Intact culture 5-IdU 5-BrdU 5-ChldU Man lymphocytes 1.Metaphases with delay spiralization or break in heterochromatin region of chr.9. 0 27 5 1 2.Metaphases with onechromatid break or gap (except chromosomes 1,9 and 16) 3 4 5 9 Woman lymphocytes 1. 0 43 12 7 2. 2 1 4 10 Table 1 shows that first abnormality have a maximum under treatment with 5-IdU and minimum under action of 5-ChldU for man and woman.Heterochromatic region of chromosome 9 look like as prophasic or as "pulverization". Sometimes this region appeared as a break i.e. was achromatic. This table shows also that frequency of onechromatid breaks increased in he row 5-IdU - 5-BrdU - 5-ChldU. Locus of delay spiralization of the chromosome 9 we consider as allocyclic chromosome as it is or in early prophase or in S-phase i.e. such chromosomes are allocyclic ( The behavior of allocyclic chromosomes in Bloom's syndrome. Otto P.G. Otto P.A. and Eeva Therman. Cromosoma,1981,84:337-344). So HAT (particularly 5-IdU) induces the shift some phases of mitotic cycle. In favour of this hypothesis we have found some cases of "pulverization" of whole chromosome. Intensity of this process depends directly from molecular weight of HAT. We consider that the delay disruption of telomeric links in cells with micronuclei in heteroploid Chinese cell lines that induced with colcemid and HAT which appeared as dicentrics are also allocyclic chromosomes so the disruption of telomeric links occur at the early stages of mitosis as telomeric fusion exists at the interphase. Thus we conclude from our experiments that cell response depends on type of HAT , specific properties of cells and mode of treatment. References 1.Stobetsky V.I. (1976). Chromosome fusion by telomeres in cells treated with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No9. 1142-1144. 2.Stobetsky V.I. (1978). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro.II.The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes. Biologisches Zentralblatt. 97:595-604. 3.Stobetsky V.I. (1995). Cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes undertreatment with halogenated analogs of thymidine.(Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No9. 326-328. ******************************************************* Vladimir I. Stobetsky Senior Scientist Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology App. 116, 6 Novoorlovskaya St. Moscow, 119633, Russia tel: +7 095 731 8932 e-mail address: sto@aha.ru From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Mar 13 22:00:00 1998 From: "Keith Broadhead" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Chromosome 10 Date: Sat, 14 Mar 1998 18:40:43 -0000 Lines: 4 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3 NNTP-Posting-Host: ppp129-dial.intensive.co.uk Message-ID: <350acca9.0@news.intensive.net> Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.wli.net!news-peer-west.sprintlink.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!newsfeed.internetmci.com!165.87.194.242!newsm2.ibm.net!ibm.net!newsfeed2.uk.ibm.net!sackheads.org!ibm.net!news.freedom2surf.net!peernews.ftech.net!news.intensive.net!ppp129-dial.intensive.co.uk I wish to find out more about chromosome 10 deficiency. Can anyone help. Please reply in plain english From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Mar 13 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!howland.erols.net!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cam-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed.sovam.com!sovam!mtu.ru!Radio-MSU.net!news2.aha.ru!aha!not-for-mail From: "Vladimir I. Stobetsky" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: halogenated analogs of thymidine Date: 14 Mar 1998 16:03:58 GMT Organization: Mr. Postman Lines: 104 Sender: sto@p33-n67.dip.aha.ru Message-ID: <01bd4f62$6cfc3820$214302c3@privateu> NNTP-Posting-Host: p33-n67.dip.aha.ru X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Key words: halogenated analogs of thymidin, human lymphocytes, allocyclic chromosomes Cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes under treatment with halogenated analogs of thymidine After prolonged co-treatment of heteroploid Chinese hamster cells with colcemid, that induced cells with micronuclei, and halogenated analogs of thymidine (HAT) such as 5-iododeoxyuridine (5-IdU), 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (5-ChldU) were discovered dicentric chromosomes formed by "end-to-end fusions" (Stobetsky,1976). Registered dicentrics were a result of delayed disruption of telomeric links existed in interphase nucleus (Stobetsky,1978). In this study we investigated the cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes under treatment with low doses HAT. Scheme of experiments In experiments we used peripheral blood of healthy donors - man at the age 44 years an woman at the age 35 years. We added to 0,5 ml heparinized blood 0,2 ml PHA , 6,0 ml Eagle medium and 1,5 ml calf serum. The cells cultured at 37o C. HAT (20 microg/ml) administrated at 48 h of cultivation for 20 h. The cells treated with colcemid (0,1 microg/ml) during last 1,5 h. Chromosome reparations made with standard method. In each case we scored 100 metaphases. Results Most frequently we observed the delay of spiralization in the region of constitutive heterochromatin in chromosome No9. ... Table No1.Frequency of chromosome abnormalities in human lymphocytes under treatment with HAT. Type of abnormality Intact culture 5-IdU 5-BrdU 5-ChldU Man lymphocytes 1.Metaphases with delay spiralization or break in heterochromatin region of chr.9. 0 27 5 1 2.Metaphases with onechromatid break or gap (except chromosomes 1,9 and 16) 3 4 5 9 Woman lymphocytes 1. 0 43 12 7 2. 2 1 4 10 Table 1 shows that first abnormality have a maximum under treatment with 5-IdU and minimum under action of 5-ChldU for man and woman.Heterochromatic region of chromosome 9 look like as prophasic or as "pulverization". Sometimes this region appeared as a break i.e. was achromatic. This table shows also that frequency of onechromatid breaks increased in he row 5-IdU - 5-BrdU - 5-ChldU. Locus of delay spiralization of the chromosome 9 we consider as allocyclic chromosome as it is or in early prophase or in S-phase i.e. such chromosomes are allocyclic ( The behavior of allocyclic chromosomes in Bloom's syndrome. Otto P.G. Otto P.A. and Eeva Therman. Cromosoma,1981,84:337-344). So HAT (particularly 5-IdU) induces the shift some phases of mitotic cycle. In favour of this hypothesis we have found some cases of "pulverization" of whole chromosome. Intensity of this process depends directly from molecular weight of HAT. We consider that the delay disruption of telomeric links in cells with micronuclei in heteroploid Chinese cell lines that induced with colcemid and HAT which appeared as dicentrics are also allocyclic chromosomes so the disruption of telomeric links occur at the early stages of mitosis as telomeric fusion exists at the interphase. Thus we conclude from our experiments that cell response depends on type of HAT , specific properties of cells and mode of treatment. References 1.Stobetsky V.I. (1976). Chromosome fusion by telomeres in cells treated with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No9. 1142-1144. 2.Stobetsky V.I. (1978). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro.II.The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes. Biologisches Zentralblatt. 97:595-604. 3.Stobetsky V.I. (1995). Cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes undertreatment with halogenated analogs of thymidine.(Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No9. 326-328. ******************************************************* Vladimir I. Stobetsky Senior Scientist Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology App. 116, 6 Novoorlovskaya St. Moscow, 119633, Russia tel: +7 095 731 8932 e-mail address: sto@aha.ru From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Mar 13 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!howland.erols.net!feed2.news.erols.com!erols!newsfeed.xcom.net!cam-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed.sovam.com!sovam!mtu.ru!Radio-MSU.net!news2.aha.ru!aha!not-for-mail From: "Vladimir I. Stobetsky" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: halogenated analogs of thymidine Date: 14 Mar 1998 15:59:23 GMT Organization: Mr. Postman Lines: 104 Sender: sto@p33-n67.dip.aha.ru Message-ID: <01bd4f58$0a6bdf80$LocalHost@privateu> NNTP-Posting-Host: p33-n67.dip.aha.ru X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Key words: halogenated analogs of thymidin, human lymphocytes, allocyclic chromosomes Cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes under treatment with halogenated analogs of thymidine After prolonged co-treatment of heteroploid Chinese hamster cells with colcemid, that induced cells with micronuclei, and halogenated analogs of thymidine (HAT) such as 5-iododeoxyuridine (5-IdU), 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (5-ChldU) were discovered dicentric chromosomes formed by "end-to-end fusions" (Stobetsky,1976). Registered dicentrics were a result of delayed disruption of telomeric links existed in interphase nucleus (Stobetsky,1978). In this study we investigated the cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes under treatment with low doses HAT. Scheme of experiments In experiments we used peripheral blood of healthy donors - man at the age 44 years an woman at the age 35 years. We added to 0,5 ml heparinized blood 0,2 ml PHA , 6,0 ml Eagle medium and 1,5 ml calf serum. The cells cultured at 37o C. HAT (20 microg/ml) administrated at 48 h of cultivation for 20 h. The cells treated with colcemid (0,1 microg/ml) during last 1,5 h. Chromosome reparations made with standard method. In each case we scored 100 metaphases. Results Most frequently we observed the delay of spiralization in the region of constitutive heterochromatin in chromosome No9. .. Table No1.Frequency of chromosome abnormalities in human lymphocytes under treatment with HAT. Type of abnormality Intact culture 5-IdU 5-BrdU 5-ChldU Man lymphocytes 1.Metaphases with delay spiralization or break in heterochromatin region of chr.9. 0 27 5 1 2.Metaphases with onechromatid break or gap (except chromosomes 1,9 and 16) 3 4 5 9 Woman lymphocytes 1. 0 43 12 7 2. 2 1 4 10 Table 1 shows that first abnormality have a maximum under treatment with 5-IdU and minimum under action of 5-ChldU for man and woman.Heterochromatic region of chromosome 9 look like as prophasic or as "pulverization". Sometimes this region appeared as a break i.e. was achromatic. This table shows also that frequency of onechromatid breaks increased in he row 5-IdU - 5-BrdU - 5-ChldU. Locus of delay spiralization of the chromosome 9 we consider as allocyclic chromosome as it is or in early prophase or in S-phase i.e. such chromosomes are allocyclic ( The behavior of allocyclic chromosomes in Bloom's syndrome. Otto P.G. Otto P.A. and Eeva Therman. Cromosoma,1981,84:337-344). So HAT (particularly 5-IdU) induces the shift some phases of mitotic cycle. In favour of this hypothesis we have found some cases of "pulverization" of whole chromosome. Intensity of this process depends directly from molecular weight of HAT. We consider that the delay disruption of telomeric links in cells with micronuclei in heteroploid Chinese cell lines that induced with colcemid and HAT which appeared as dicentrics are also allocyclic chromosomes so the disruption of telomeric links occur at the early stages of mitosis as telomeric fusion exists at the interphase. Thus we conclude from our experiments that cell response depends on type of HAT , specific properties of cells and mode of treatment. References 1.Stobetsky V.I. (1976). Chromosome fusion by telomeres in cells treated with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. (Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No9. 1142-1144. 2.Stobetsky V.I. (1978). Mammalian polykaryocytes in vitro.II.The phenomenon of delayed disruption of telomeric links between chromosomes. Biologisches Zentralblatt. 97:595-604. 3.Stobetsky V.I. (1995). Cytogenetic abnormalities in cultured human lymphocytes undertreatment with halogenated analogs of thymidine.(Russ). Bull.Exptl.Biol.Med. No9. 326-328. ******************************************************* Vladimir I. Stobetsky Senior Scientist Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology App. 116, 6 Novoorlovskaya St. Moscow, 119633, Russia tel: +7 095 731 8932 e-mail address: sto@aha.ru From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Mar 25 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!rutgers!rockyd.rockefeller.edu!newsfeed.nyu.edu!newsfeed.gte.net!news.maxwell.syr.edu!Supernews60!supernews.com!Supernews69!not-for-mail From: "Jamie Hinojosa" Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: chromosome 15 in the P region Date: Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:48:46 -0600 Organization: All USENET -- http://www.Supernews.com Lines: 11 Message-ID: <6fckoh$2q2$1@usenet85.supernews.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 2882@208.217.241.41 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4 my wife is a physical therapist work with a baby that has a problem with chormesome 15 in the P region. yet, no one knows what this syndrome or defect is called or know what it is about. if anyone has any info on this particular defect or has any idea where i could get more information on this subject, please let me know. locus25@hub.ofthe.net thank you From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Wed Mar 25 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news-backup-east.sprintlink.net!news-in-east.sprintlink.net!news-pen-1.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!mn6.swip.net!mn5.swip.net!not-for-mail From: sublett@swipnet.se (SubLett) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Genetic manipulation.... Date: Thu, 26 Mar 1998 23:06:34 GMT Organization: A customer of Tele2 Lines: 14 Message-ID: <351adeba.1391825@nntpserver.swip.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: mn8.swip.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Trace: mn5.swip.net 890953557 20708 (None) 192.71.180.98 X-Complaints-To: news-abuse@swip.net X-Newsreader: Forte Agent 1.5/32.451 Cache-Post-Path: mn8!s-47151@dialup152-4-40.swipnet.se Hi, My name is Kim Sarenstam, and I'm writing a project work for school.. it's about genetic manipulation, including hybrid-DNA, cloning etc... As of now, I was wondering if there was anyone out there who has any information on this subject, website, personal experience or such, I'm not that very used to USENET, so I would appreciate if you could mail me at : sublett@swipnet.se If you find this message annoying, or in the wrong place, I have to apologize for myself, sorry... Thanks Kim Sarenstam From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Mar 26 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!unmsm.edu.pe!1000209 From: 1000209@unmsm.edu.pe ("DANIEL ORE[1000209@UNMSM.EDU.PE]") Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Consultation of RT-PCR in leuKemia Date: 26 Mar 1998 18:06:46 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 19 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Sr : A consultation because in the leukemia tests where involved in gene brc (crom 22) and the gene c-abl (crom9), there is one formacion of a chimera, for I diagnose of this is used a test of RT-PCR, (transcriptasa reversa), my question is because it is not used as it sample the DNA of the patient and because the RNA, if it is that in the constitution of the DNA is the problem. Thank you Daniel Ore Chavez Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas E-mail: 1000209@unmsm.edu.pe From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Mar 26 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!internet!biosci!not-for-mail From: biohelp (BIOSCI Administrator) Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: BIOSCI/bionet miniFAQ & Fundraiser Date: 27 Mar 1998 02:00:17 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 233 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199803271000.CAA23731@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net (LAST REVISION: 30-JUL-95) This BIOSCI "miniFAQ" is designed to answer the questions that come up the *most frequently*. The main BIOSCI FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) is accessible on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.bio.net/. If you can not find an answer to your question in this or other documentation, the BIOSCI technical support staff answers e-mail queries sent to biosci-help@net.bio.net We can only answer questions about the use of the newsgroups and mailing lists. We unfortunately do not have the staff to do Internet information searches or answer scientific questions. Please post those to the appropriate BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. Contents: -------- 0) BIOSCI NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT!! 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. 0) BIOSCI NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT!! ------------------------------ BIOSCI's government funding has been expended, and we are now operating solely from advertising revenue that we have raised from our Web site at http://www.bio.net/. We need just a few minutes of your time to help us serve you. You can do two important things which will take very little time for you individually and will immensely help us continue to help you. First, please use our WWW system at http://www.bio.net/ to access the archives. You can post or reply to messages via your Web browser as described in item #1 below. Your usage helps attract sponsors. If you contact any of our sponsors, please be sure to thank them for supporting BIOSCI. It is critical for them to get this feedback if they are to continue their sponsorship for the long term. Second, if you work for a company or organization that provides products or services of interest to the biology community, please pass this message on to your marketing or marketing communications department or other appropriate group. Please ask them to help support BIOSCI by sponsoring our Web site and explain the uses and benefits of the system to the biology community. If they are interested, they can then contact us for further information at our tech support address, biosci-help@net.bio.net. 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. -------------------------------------------------------- As of 10 December 1995, all BIOSCI/bionet full newsgroups are accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW) at URL http://www.bio.net. One can read and reply publicly or privately to both recent postings and archived messages through one's Web browser if it is configured properly to send e-mail. Each newsgroup is equipped with its own WAIS index. The main BIOSCI home page also has access to the BIO-JOURNALS Table of Contents database WAIS index and the BIOSCI user address database described in another item further below. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. ------------------------------------------------------- BIOSCI is a set of parallel USENET newsgroups (the "bionet" groups), mailing lists, and a hypermail archive at URL http://www.bio.net/. The same postings are distributed on all media (except for a small number of mailing-list-only groups at net.bio.net). Unfortunately it is becoming a despicable practice on the Internet (by a few people out to make a fast buck) to do automated mass postings to thousands of newsgroups and mailing lists. These attempts to grab free advertising are refered to as "spams" in the usual, somewhat boneheaded, net terminology. USENET is more susceptible to this practice, and many spams originate on the USENET groups and then are passed on to the mailing lists. However, spammers also get lists of mailing addresses and hit these too, so neither medium is immune. What should you do personally if you get junk mail? --------------------------------------------------- Just delete it and move on without reading it further. Filing a protest is becoming increasingly useless because spammers are often disguising the addresses where the messages are sent from. Unless you really understand Internet mail systems, your attempt at protest by sending replies to the message will often end up being sent to the address of an innocent person that the spammer is victimizing. What can BIOSCI/bionet do to protect its newsgroups? ---------------------------------------------------- The only solution currently available is to moderate the newsgroup. If this newsgroup is already moderated, then you are in good shape. Moderation protects the USENET distribution from about 95% of the spams that are being sent to date and protects the mailing lists completely. Moderation means, however, that someone has to take the time to review each message before it goes out. We have set up software here that simply allows the moderator to forward to an address at net.bio.net messages that (s)he wishes to have distributed. This takes no more time than that needed to read the message and pass it on, say about 1 min. per message. Most newsgroups currently have a discussion leader who is responsible for their newsgroup. The discussions leaders and their e-mail addresses are listed in the BIOSCI Information Sheet which is available on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. If a newsgroup is being hit with too many junk postings, please contact the discussion leader for that group and see if there is interest in moderating the group. Please do not assume that by simply posting a complaint to the newsgroup itself, anyone on the BIOSCI staff will act on your complaint. With close to 100 newsgroups to run, the BIOSCI staff has to rely on the discussion leaders of each newsgroup to report problems directly to us at biosci-help@net.bio.net. We will moderate any of our newsgroups if the discussion leader tells us that the readership of the group wishes to do so and if a moderator is willing to do the work. For most BIOSCI/bionet groups, this entails only a few minutes of work each day. Moderating a newsgroup will resolve probably 95% of the junk postings on the USENET distribution. Unfortunately there are easy ways for determined spammers to override the moderation mechanism on USENET, but we can protect our e-mail subscribers from unwanted postings if the newsgroup is moderated. You can also access our newsgroups over the WWW at URL http://www.bio.net. While this Web interface will not stop spammers from trying to post to the groups, this will give you yet another way, besides using USENET news, to keep the junk out of your personal mail files. For those of you with local USENET news systems, the Web interface will also give you faster access to new newsgroups and recent postings. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. ------------------------------------------------------------------ PLEASE NOTE: The BIOSCI management does NOT act on subscription/unsubscription requests that are posted improperly to the newsgroups and mailing lists. People who do this only bother everyone on the lists to no avail. Please be sure to follow the proper procedures below. Gory details are in the BIOSCI Information sheets on the Web at http://www.bio.net. Below we give an example utilizing the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list at both of our two BIOSCI sites: Users in the Americas and Pacific Rim countries who use the BIOSCI ------------------------------------------------------------------ node at computer net.bio.net: ---------------------------- A) Determine the "listname" which is the <=8 character mail address ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ for the group. These can be found in the BIOSCI Info. Sheet. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS group the mailing address is methods@net.bio.net. The listname is the portion of the address to the left of the @ sign, i.e., "methods". The listname is used with the "subscribe" and "unsubscribe" commands illustrated below. B) Mail all commands in the body of a mail message addressed to biosci-server@net.bio.net. Do NOT send commands to the newsgroup posting addresses! Leave the Subject: line blank, any text on it will be ignored. C) In the body of your message put one or more of the following commands with an "end" command on the last line, e.g., subscribe methods unsubscribe methods end Do NOT put your e-mail address or other text on these lines. The server only allows you to cancel your subscription if the address on your mail header matches the address on our mailing list. Please ask for help at biosci-help@net.bio.net if your address has changed, e.g., if you know you are on the list but the server tells you that you are not a member. Users in Europe, Africa, and Central Asia who use the BIOSCI node at -------------------------------------------------------------------- computer daresbury.ac.uk (also known as dl.ac.uk): ------------------------------------------------- To subscribe and unsubscribe to/from the BIOSCI lists, you need to specify the full USENET newsgroup name with "bionet-news." prepended. The USENET newsgroup names are listed in the BIOSCI Information sheet on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list the USENET newsgroup name is bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts, thus the appropriate commands are sub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts unsub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts These commands are included in a message addressed to mxt@dl.ac.uk, NOT to the newsgroup mailing addresses. As usual, include the text in the body of the message as text on the Subject: line is ignored. To unsubscribe from all the lists at the UK node, use unsub bionet-news Please note that if the address in the list is different than the one in your mail message header, you will not be able to unsubscribe by this method. If you have problems, please mail biosci@daresbury.ac.uk. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. ----------------------------------------------------------- Please take this opportunity to add your name, address, and research interest information to the BIOSCI User Address Database if you have not already done so. You can fill out the address form directly through our Web page at URL http://www.bio.net/adrform.html. The address database is reindexed nightly for WWW access (the URL is http://www.bio.net/). If you are not directly on the Internet but can reach it by e-mail, please use our waismail server to access the user directory. waismail use is described above. You can also request a user address form by e-mail from biosci-help@net.bio.net. Please check your database entry from time-to-time to see if your address information is still up-to-date. Because of our limited personnel resources, we ask that you resubmit a *complete* form to revise your entry; we only replace complete entries and do not have resources to edit old forms. From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Thu Mar 26 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.wli.net!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!data.ramona.vix.com!nnrp2.crl.com!not-for-mail From: Bryan Ness Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Polyploidy: More is Better Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 15:52:50 -0800 Organization: The Mining Company Lines: 13 Message-ID: <351C3BD2.BE2D0673@miningco.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 165.113.252.247 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I) Learn a little about the genetics of polyploidy and how widespread it is among plants. Ponder some of the reasons why plants find polyploidy advantageous. Read the article "Polyploidy: More is Better" featured this week at The Botany Site by going to the following URL: http://botany.miningco.com/library/weekly/aa032598.htm There is much more at The Botany Site as well, including past features, a "Name That Plant Contest," featured links, a bulletin board and a chat area. Learn more about The Botany Site by following the link below. -- ______________________________________________________________ Bryan Ness, Botany Guide http://botany.miningco.com/ botany.guide@miningco.com From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Fri Mar 27 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!agate!howland.erols.net!ais.net!uunet!in4.uu.net!venus.hkstar.com!hkstar2!news@hkstar.com From: unixon_31@hotmail.com Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID-OXIDOREDUCTASE Date: Sat, 28 Mar 1998 15:16:25 -0800 Organization: Hong Kong Star Internet Ltd. Lines: 12 Message-ID: <351D84C9.24FF@hotmail.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ip-51-19.dialup.hkstar.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.02 (Win95; I; 16bit) 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID-OXIDOREDUCTASE Does any one know of any existing vitamins , minerals etc... that can inhibit 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID-OXIDOREDUCTASE 's ability to turn androstenedione into testosterone ? Zinc , saw palmetto ,vitamin b 6 are known to have inhibitory effect on testosterone's conversion to dihytestosterone by preventing 5 alpha reductase from doing its job. Thanks ref: 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID-OXIDOREDUCTASE From owner-chromosomes@net.bio.net Tue Mar 31 23:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!Cabal.CESspool!bofh.vszbr.cz!feed1.news.luth.se!luth.se!news.lth.se!merkurius.lu.se!not-for-mail From: David Hagerberg Newsgroups: bionet.genome.chromosomes Subject: Definition of gene cloning Date: Wed, 01 Apr 1998 09:25:50 +0200 Organization: Lund University Lines: 12 Message-ID: <3521EBFE.B4E0AD2A@mbioekol.lu.se> NNTP-Posting-Host: pc2.ekol.lu.se Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I) Hello, I am looking for the exact definition of "gene cloning". Does anyone know it by heart or can you tell me where to find it? Please respond to Jorgen.Holmen@eu.pnu.com since I am borrowing this computer. Thanx /Jorgen