From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!news2.chicago.cic.net!iagnet.net!newsfeed1-hme1!newsfeed.internetmci.com!152.163.199.19!portc03.blue.aol.com!newstf02.news.aol.com!audrey02.news.aol.com!not-for-mail From: erwinrf@aol.com (ERWINRF) Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: clinical research physician, HIV Date: 2 Sep 1997 13:48:44 GMT Lines: 13 Message-ID: <19970902134801.JAA25353@ladder02.news.aol.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ladder02.news.aol.com X-Admin: news@aol.com Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com SnewsLanguage: English physicians only: Contact: Professional Advancement & Placement Institute fax (248) 356-6662 voice ( 248) 356-6660 email ErwinRF@aol.com dafyomi From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!howland.erols.net!newsxfer3.itd.umich.edu!gumby!newspump.wustl.edu!fas-news.harvard.edu!jrbagley From: jrbagley@fas.harvard.edu (Jessamyn Bagley) Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Myelin Basic Protein Date: 2 Sep 1997 15:25:38 GMT Organization: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Lines: 7 Message-ID: <5uhb5i$d1$1@news.fas.harvard.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: login1.fas.harvard.edu X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] Does anyone know where I might be able to obtain A cDNA clone of myelin basic protein either commercially or otherwise? Thanks! -- Jessamyn Bagley jrbagley@husc.harvard.edu From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 From: holson@california.com (Howard Olson) Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Triune Brain reference Date: Tue, 02 Sep 1997 06:34:15 GMT Organization: Howard R. Olson, MA Biologist Message-ID: <340bb2fc.8133458@seashell.california.com> X-Newsreader: Forte Free Agent 1.11/16.235 NNTP-Posting-Host: 140.174.210.240 Lines: 6 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!news.he.net!feta.direct.ca!newsfeed.direct.ca!newshub1.home.com!news.home.com!news1.best.com!seashell.california.com!140.174.210.240 Has anything been published on the Triune Brain theory since Paul MacClean's 1990 book? Howard From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!newsfeeds.sol.net!europa.clark.net!158.152.1.94!dispatch.news.demon.net!demon!delos.dra.hmg.gb!server1.netnews.ja.net!lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk!taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk!eef1000 From: A mad scientist Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: J Neuroscience Research Date: Tue, 2 Sep 1997 12:31:09 +0100 Organization: University of Cambridge, England Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Lines: 18 I am in need of two articles from back volumes of JNR> Does anyone have access to them? They are Vol. 33 (1992) and 34 (1993). I am willing to send you a ten bob note to cover costs, or place your name in the hall of fame on my web site, which ever you prefer. Please reply direct eef1000@cus.cam.ac.uk Em :-) ********************************************** I fell out of favour with heaven somewhere and I'm here for the hell of it now! (Kirsty McColl) ********************************************** Visit my web page http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Lagoon/8805 From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!newsfeed.nacamar.de!news-hh.maz.net!news.allcon.net!not-for-mail From: Jürgen Wehner Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Alzheimer&Pflege/REHA bei MedizInfo Nachsorge Date: Tue, 02 Sep 1997 12:22:08 +0200 Organization: MedizInfo Lines: 35 Message-ID: <340BE8CF.3995@medizinfo.com> Reply-To: jw@medizinfo.com NNTP-Posting-Host: medizinfo.flensburg.netsurf.de Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Macintosh; I; 68K) Wir moechten Sie auf eine wesentliche Ergaenzung unseres Dienstes und auf zwei Websites der Pfizer GmbH aufmerksam machen: http://www.medizinfo.de/schlaganfall/nachsorge/ http://www.alois.de http://www.hiv-online.de Nachdem wir bereits zum 1.7.97 MedizInfo-Schlaganfall&Neurologie eingefuehrt haben, steht jetzt auch der Bereich MedizInfo-Nachsorge: - Informationen zu Nachsorge, Pflege, Rehabilitation und haeusliche Hilfen fuer Laien - Angehoerige wie Patienten - und Profis - Termine, Links und Adressen und vieles mehr. URL: http://www.medizinfo.de/schlaganfall/nachsorge/ und ueber die bekannte Adresse. Ausserdem neu im Netz: Die Firma Pfizer bietet Ihnen jetzt z w e i innovative Informationssysteme im Internet an: Morbus Alzheimer: ab 15.9.97 unter http://www.alois.de HIV: ab sofort unter http://www.hiv-online.de Wir alle freuen uns auf Ihren Besuch! -- Mit freundlichem Gruss, Best regards, Jurgen Wehner MedizInfoŽ ----------------- Tel.: +49 461 999 21 82 Fax: +49 461 999 22 13 Lise-Meitner-Str. 2 D-24941 Flensburg Germany URL: http://www.medizinfo.com/ http://www.medizinfo.de/ From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!europa.clark.net!207.106.0.20!news-xfer.netaxs.com!feed.centuryinter.net!not-for-mail From: "Scott" Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: BRAIN SEX Date: 2 Sep 97 21:49:29 GMT Organization: CENTURYinter.net Lines: 252 Message-ID: <01bcb7e9$fbf79120$9dab41ce@default> NNTP-Posting-Host: news7.centuryinter.net X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 X-NNTP-Posting-Host: anx1p27.nortexinfo.net The following is a quote from the book "Brain Sex; The Real Differences Between Men and Women" by Anne Moir phd. and David Jessel. Its copyright is 1989. The book is written to the general population. I was wondering what you (the professionals) thought about this book, if you read it. I was also wondering if you knew of any books on this subject that are both more up to date and written to the general population. If what this book has to say (and I believe it's as closer to the truth then anything else I've read) factual, why isn't the general population more aware of these differences in the male and female brain. Why do the vast majority of people still believe that these differences are socialize? I saw a discussion on PBS television the other day. They were discussing why girls don't do as well as boys in math. In their minds, the reason girls do less well was because our patriarchal society is reflected in our school system and passively telling girls that they can't do as well as boys; so girls don't. I wanted to ask them if this is true (that our patriarchal schools favor boys over girls) why do boys far out number girls in remedial reading. Thank you Scott Chapter 3 pages 44-49 "How the difference in the brain structure relates to the differences found in behaviour and ability between the sexes is an area of intense debate among scientists. After talking to the the world's principal specialist, we have arrive at this picture of their current working hypothesis. What makes us better at one thing or another seems to be the degree to which a particular area of the brain is specifically devoted to a particular activity - whether it is focused or difussed. Men and women are better at the skills that are controlled by specific areas of the brain - but different areas of their brains are focused for different things.This means that the male and female pattern of brain organisation has advantages and disadvantages for both sexes. The male pattern, with more brain functions specifically organised, means that men are not so easily distracted by superfluous information.... A leading Canadian brain sex researcher, Sandra Witleson, suggest that this difference may make it easier for men to perform two different activities at once. She suggests, for example, that talking and map reading can both be done at the same time much more easily by a man than a woman. In a man each activity is controlled by different sides of the brain. In a woman the same activities are controlled by areas on both sides of the brain. The two activities can interfere with each other and she will not be as good at talking and map reading at the same time. The differences in brain organisation, according to many research workers, also provides an explanation for male superiority in spatial ability. A woman's spatial skills are controlled by both sides of the brain. There is an overlap with areas of the brain that control other activities. The female is trying to do two things at once with the same area of the brain and spatial abilities suffer. In a man the spatial abilities are controlled by a more specific area of the brain, so there is much less chance that other activities will interfere. There is a further difference in that women often apply verbal methods to solve abstract maths problems. This approach will not be as effective as the male who is using the right, visual side of the brain to solve that type of problem. It is far quicker and easier to solve such problems with the right-side brain skills than with the verbal left-side brain skills. The superiority of women in verbal tests can also be explained by the difference in brain organisation. The language skills related to grammar, spelling and writing are all more specifically located in the left-hand side of the brain in a woman. In a man they are spread in the front and back of the brain, and so he will have to work harder than a woman to achieve these skills. So far we have mostly discussed language and spatial skills; but the brain is more than a mere calculating machine. It determines our emotions, and our capacity to respond to them and express them. Sandra Witleson has studied how people respond to emotional information fed to the right hemisphere and then the left hemisphere. She made use of the fact that visual images restricted to the right-hand field of view are transmitted to the left side of the brain, and those restricted to the left-hand field are transmitted to the right side of the brain. The visual images she used were emotionally charged. She found women recognized the emotional content whichever side of the brain the image was transmitted to. Men only recognised the emotional content when the image was transmitted to the right-hand side of the brain. Women have their emotional responses residing in both left and right sides of the brain. In men the emotional functions are concentrated in the right side of the brain. The importance of the differences in brain organisation for emotion becomes clearer in the light of the latest discovery of sex differences in the brain. The difference relates to the corpus callosum, the bundle of fibres that link the left and right sides of the brain. These nerve fibres allow for the exchange of information between the two halves of the brain. In women the corpus callosum is different from in the male brain. In blind tests on fourteen brains obtained after autopsy, the scientists found that in women an important area of the corpus callosum was thicker and more bulbous than in men. Overall, this key message-exchange centre was bigger, in relation to overall brain weight, in women than in men. The difference could be precisely discerned. The two sides of the brain, connected by the corpus callosum, have a larger number of connections in women. This means that more information is being exchanged between the left and right sides of the female brain. And the latest research has shown that the more connections people have between the left and right hemispheres, the more articulate and fluent they are. This finding provides a further explanation for women's verbval dexterity. But could the corpus callosum provide the answer to another mystery; could it provide a somewhat prosaic solution to the secret of female intuition? Is the physical capacity of a woman to connect and relate more piecces of information than a man explained not by witchcraft, after all, but merely by superior switchgear? Since women are in general better at recognising the emotional nuances in voice, gesture, and facial expression, a whole rand of sensory information. They can deduce more from such information because they have a greater capacity than men to integrate and cross-relate verbal and visual information. Some scientists suggest that the difference in emotional response in men and women can be explained by the difference in the structure and organisation of the brain. Man keeps his emotions in their place; and that place is on the right side of his brain, while the power to express his feelings in speech lies over on the other side. Because the two halves of the brain are connected by a smaller number of fibres than a woman's, the flow of information between one side of the brain and the other is more restricted. It is then often more difficult for a man to express his emotions because the information is flowing less easily to the verbal, left side of his brain. A woman may be less able to separate emotion from reason because of the way the female brain is organised. The female brain has emotional capacities on both sides of the brain, plus there is more information exchanged between the two sides of the brain. The emotional side is more integrated with the verbal side of the brain. A woman can express her emotions in words because what she feels has been transmitted more effectively to the verbal side of ther brain. The differences in brain structure, and the consequent differences in ability, bias men and women towards dealing with problems by employing their best attributes. Sandra Witleson calls this 'the preferred cognitive strategy'. What it broadly means is playing to your mental strenghts. Witleson suggests that there may be fewer female than male architects (and, for that matter, scientists and mathematicians) because, the female spatial sense being weaker, they tend to prefer a different 'cognitive strategy' - to use another, stronger, part of their brain. It could also explain the riddle of why there are so many more female musician than composers, because they play to strengths in the female brain such as control over fine movement of the hands and voice. Composing music demand the capacity to see the pattern and involves abstract mathematical ability, primarily a function of the right side of the brain. Obviously our culture and our history has something to do with; but, clearly, so does our biology. A picture is emerging, and it is the image of two brains, differently organised, and differentially connected, in the male and the female of our species. The knowledge is growing, day by day, as new papers and monographs appear in the learned journals. This information is too important to be left floating in academic outer space because it is about *us*. It shows how we are different because our brains are different." From Ackowledments: "...In the end, however, the book is ours, and only we can be held responsible for any flaws it may have." To quote Dr Richard Restak, neurologist, from the book. We ignore brain sex differences at the risk of confusing biology with sociology, and wishful thinking with scientific facts. The question is not 'are there brain differences?' but rather 'what is going to be our response to those differences?' NOTES ON THE CHAPTERS: p.46 'Sandra Witelson...' Witleson, S. (1978) p.47 'In women the corpus...' De Lacoste-Utamising, C., et al. articles; in conversation with Kimura, K. and Hines, M. 'And the latest research...' in conversation with Hines, M. p.48 'Some scientist suggest...' Butler, S.; McGuinness, D., 45-46; Restak, R., 192-204; Witleson, S. (1978) and 1985) and In converson. 'Sadra Witleson call...' Witleson, S. (1978). REFERENCES: To Chaper Three Balkan, P., 'The eyes have it', *Psychology Today* (April 1971), 64-67. Butler, S., 'Sex differences in human cerebra function', *Progress In Brain Research*, 61, De Vries, G.J. et al. (eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984), 443-55. Calvin, W.and Ojemann, G., *Inside the Brain*, New American Library, New York (1981). Delacoste-Utamsing, C. and Holloway, R.L., 'Sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum", *Sience*, 216 (1982), 1431-32. De Lacoste-Utamsing, C. and Holloway, R.L., 'Sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum' *Human Neurobiology*, 5 (1986) 93-96. De Lacoste-Utamsing, C. and Holloway, R.L., 'Sex differences in the fetal human corpus callosum', *Human Neurobiology*, 5 (1986) 93-96. Dyer, R.G., 'Sexual differentiation of the forebrain-relationship to gonadotrophin secretion', *Progress in Brain Research*, 61, De Vries, G.J. et al. (eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984)), 223-35. Flor Henery, P., 'Gender, hemispheric specialization and psychopathology', *Social Science and Medicine*, 12b (1979), 155-62. Gaulin, S.J.C.: see ref to Chpt 1 Gordon, H. W. and Galatzer, A., 'Cerebra organization in patients with gonadal dysgenesis', *Psychoneuroendocrinology*, 5 (1980), 235-44. Gur, R. and Gur, R. 'Sex and handedness differences in cerebral blood flow, during rest and cognitive activity', *Science*, 217 (1982), 659-61. Harshman, R. A. et al., 'Individual differences in cognitive abilities and brain organisation: sex and handedness differences in ability', *Canadian Journal of Psycology*, 37, No. I (1983), 144-92. Hecgen, H et al., 'Cerebral organisation in left handers'. *Brain and Language*, 12 (1981), 261-84. Hines, M., 'Prenatal gonadal hormones and sex differences in human behaviour', *Psychological Bulletin*, 92, No.I (1982), 52-80. Inglis, J. and Lawson, J.S., 'Sex differences in the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence', *Science*, 212 (1981), 693-95. Kimura, D. and Harshman, R., 'Sex differences in brain organisation for verbal and non-verbal functions'. *Progress in Brain Research*, 61, De Vereis, G.J. et al.(eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984), 423-40. Kimura, D., 'Male brain, female brain: the hidden difference', *Psychology Today* (November 1985), 51-58. Kimura, D., 'How different are the male and female brains?', *Orbit*, 17 (3) (October 1986), 13-14. Kimura, D., 'Are men's and women's brains really different?', *Canadian Psycol., 28 (2) (1987), 133-14. Levy, J., 'Lateral differences in the human brain in cognition and behaviour control', *Cerebral Correlates of Conscious Experience*, Buser, P. (ed), North Holland Publishing Co.,New York (1978), 285-98. Mateer, C. A. et al., 'Sexual variation incortical localisation of naming as determined by stimulation mapping', *The Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 5 (1982), 310-11. McGlone J. and Davidson, W., 'The relation between cerebral speech laterality and spatial ability with special reference to sex and hand preference', *Neuropsychologia, II (1973), 105-13. McGlone J., 'Sex differences in human brain symmetry: a critical survey', *The Behavioural and Brain Sciences*, 3 (1980), 215-63. McGlone J., 'The neuropsychology of sex differences in the human brain organisation', *Advances in Clinical Neuropsycology*, 3, Goldstein, G. and Tarter, R. E. (eds.),Plenum Publishing Corp. (1986), 1-30. Nyborg, H., 'Spatial ability in men and women: review and new theory', *Adv. Behav. Res. Ther., 5 (1983) 89-140. Nyborg, H., 'Performance and intelligence in hormonally different groups', *Progress in Brain Research*, 61, De Vries, G.J. et al. (eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984), 491-508. Reinisch, J. M.: see ref to Chp 2. Sperry, R., 'Some effects of disconnecting cerebral hemispheres', *Sciences*, 217 (1982), 1223-26. Springer, S.P. and Deutsch, G., *Left Brain, Right Brain*, W. H. Freedman and Co., New York (1985). Tucker, D.M., 'Sex differences in hemispheric specialization for synthetic visuospatial functions', *Neuropsychologia, 14 (1976), 447-54. Wada, J. et al., 'Cerebral hemispheric asymmetry in humans', *Arch. Neurol., 32 (April 1975), 239-45. Witleson, S. F. 'Left hemisphere specialization for language in the newborn brain', 96 (1973), 641-46. Witleson, S. F. 'Hemispheric specialization for linguistic and non-linguistic tactual perception using a dichotomous stimulation technique', *Cortex*, 10 (1974), 3-7. Witleson, S. F. 'Sex and the single hemisphere: specialization of the right hemisphere for spatial processing', *Science*, 229 (1985), 665-68. Witleson, S. F. 'An exchange on gender', *New York Review* (24 October 1985), 53-55. Zaidel, E., 'Concepts of cerebral dominance in the split brain', *Cerebra Correlates of Conscious Experience*, Buser, P..A. and Rougeul-Buser, A. (eds.), North-Holland Publishing Co. Amsterdam (1978), 261-83. == That's just the 1 1/4 pages of references that peratin to Chapter 3. There's another 17 pages of references pertaining to the rest of this book. From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 From: Jesus Julian Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Grave decision.....????? NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.5.77.110 Message-ID: <340900af.0@news.arrakis.es> Date: 31 Aug 97 05:27:11 GMT Path: biosci!news.Stanford.EDU!su-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!baron.netcom.net.uk!netcom.net.uk!dispatch.news.demon.net!demon!bullseye.news.demon.net!demon!newsfeed.xs4all.nl!newsgate.unisource.nl!news.amsterdam.unisource.nl!News.Amsterdam.UnisourceCS!newsfeed.mad.ibernet.es!news.arrakis.es!195.5.77.110 Lines: 15 Hola me llame Jesus y vivo en el sur de Espaņa,tengo dos protusiones de 2 discos de la columna vertebral y llevo casi 3 aņos sufriendo y impedido puesto que cada vez que hago un esfuerzo como es cargar con una caja de leche (12 kg) ya estoy listo ,me aparecen los dolores y tengo que estar con antiinflamatorios unos pocos de dias.Tengo a tres medicos con mi caso y los tres coinciden a que tengo que estar completamente jodido para operarme???Quisiera saber y consultar en este medio por si hay mas medicos que confirmen si o no ya que mi calidad de vida esta mermada saludos pd: mis medicos son 3 de medicina general,1 traumatologo (el unico que me dijo de operarme y un neurocirujano que me dice que si pero cuando este mucho peor!!!! de esa manera el siempre me dejara o igual o mejor de como yo entre. nota:si eres medico llamame Jesus From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!ais.net!uunet!in5.uu.net!crc-news.doc.ca!crc-news.doc.ca!calvin.dgbt.doc.ca!andrew From: andrew@calvin.dgbt.doc.ca (Andrew Patrick) Newsgroups: alt.support.epilepsy,sci.med,bionet.neuroscience,can.med.misc,alt.answers,sci.answers,news.answers Subject: Epilepsy FAQ Followup-To: alt.support.epilepsy Date: 2 Sep 1997 18:20:49 GMT Organization: Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada Lines: 1396 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU Message-ID: <5uhle2$sag@crc-news.doc.ca> NNTP-Posting-Host: calvin.dgbt.doc.ca Summary: Frequently Asked Questions about Epilepsy Keywords: Epilepsy FAQ seizure Archive-name: medicine/epilepsy-faq Posting-Frequency: monthly Last-modified: 1996/07/15 Version: 4.3 URL: http://debra.dgbt.doc.ca/~andrew/epilepsy/ Epilepsy FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Epilepsy Version 4.3 -- 96/07/15 Maintained by Andrew Patrick (andrew@calvin.dgbt.doc.ca). New material and suggestions are always welcome. URL for this FAQ and other information: http://debra.dgbt.doc.ca/~andrew/epilepsy/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTES Please note that this Epilepsy information MAY NOT BE ACCURATE OR COMPLETE. Anyone with serious questions about Epilepsy should consult their doctor. Some of this material was prepared by Epilepsy Ottawa-Carleton and Epilepsy Ontario, and it is used with permission. Please contact me before you use any of this material in other information products. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Questions Covered in this Document * Basic Information o What does "Epilepsy" mean? o Is Epilepsy a disease? o What is a seizure? o What is an aura? o When was Epilepsy discovered? * People with Epilepsy o What kind of people have Epilepsy? o How many people have Epilepsy? o Does Epilepsy strike at any particular age? o Does Epilepsy occur more in some cultures? * Types of Seizures o Are there different types of seizures? o What is the difference between partial and general seizures? o What are partial seizures? o What are complex partial seizures? o What are absence (petit mal) seizures? o What are tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures? o What are other types of seizures? o What are "status" seizures? o What are pseudoseizures? o How do you distinguish epileptic seizures from pseudoseizures? o Can seizures occur if a person does not have Epilepsy? o What are the seizures like? o What does it feel like to have a seizure? o How long do the seizures last? o Is there such a thing as a "minor" case of Epilepsy? * Causes and Triggers o What causes Epilepsy? o Is Epilepsy inherited? o Is Epilepsy contagious? o Is it caused by a virus? o Can certain things trigger seizures? o Can seizures be triggered by flashing lights? o Can certain foods or drinks cause seizures? o Can lack of sleep cause seizures? o Can low blood sugar trigger seizures? o Can Nutrasweet (Aspartame) trigger seizures? o Does alcohol affect seizures? * First Aid for Seizures o How can I help someone who is having a seizure? o What if my child has a seizure during his sleep? * Diagnosis o How is Epilepsy diagnosed? o What types of doctors can diagnose and treat Epilepsy? o Can a person with Epilepsy have a false negative EEG? o Can a person have a false positive EEG for Epilepsy. o Is my child having absence seizures or just day dreaming? o What conditions are sometimes mis-diagnosed as Epilepsy? o Can seizures go un-noticed? * Treatments o Is there a cure for Epilepsy? o Is it fatal? o What kinds of treatments are available? o Are there drug treatments for Epilepsy? o How do drugs work to control seizures? o What drugs are used to treat Epilepsy? o How effective are the drug treatments? o Do these drugs have side effects? o What is a "blood level"? o What are the symptoms of too high a drug level? o How much do the drugs cost? o Is it necessary for all people with Epilepsy to be on medication? o When is surgery used to treat Epilepsy? o What is the likelihood that my child will outgrow a seizure disorder? o Do non-traditional approaches help? o Does transcendental meditation have any effect on Epilepsy? o Does biofeedback help? o Is there a special diet for people with Epilepsy? o What is a ketogenic diet? * Living with Epilepsy o Can people living with Epilepsy lead normal lives? o What can people with Epilepsy do to help their health? o Who should know that I have Epilepsy? o Is there prejudice against people with Epilepsy? o Are there any problems having children? o Can medications for controlling Epilepsy harm a nursing baby? o Can people living with Epilepsy drive a car? o Can people living with Epilepsy go swimming? o Can Epilepsy lead to problems at school? o Can Epilepsy cause emotional problems? o Can Epilepsy lead to problems with self-esteem? * Working With Epilepsy o What occupations are not appropriate for people with Epilepsy? o Can people with Epilepsy fly a plane? o Is there a problem with job safety? o Can an employer ask about Epilepsy on a job application? o Can an employer ask about Epilepsy during a job interview? o Can I be fired because I have Epilepsy? o Can people with Epilepsy get social assistance? * Epilepsy and Other Disorders o Is Epilepsy related to other neurological problems? o Is Epilepsy related to mental illness? o Can Epilepsy affect intelligence? o Is there a link between memory loss and Epilepsy? o Is Epilepsy related to asthma? o Are there any diseases that persons with Epilepsy more prone to? * Miscellaneous o Do animals get Epilepsy? o Can dogs sense a seizure in humans before it strikes? * More Information o Where can I get more information about Epilepsy? o What books are available on Epilepsy? o Where can I find information on the Internet about Epilepsy? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Basic Information Q: What does "Epilepsy" mean? The word "Epilepsy" is derived from a Greek word meaning "a condition of being overcome, seized, or attacked." People used to believe that the seizure was caused by a demon, and Epilepsy became known as a sacred disease. This is the background to the myths and fears that surround Epilepsy; myths that colour people's attitudes and make the goal of a normal life more difficult than it needs to be be for people who have Epilepsy. The word "Epilepsy" means nothing more than the tendency to have seizures. Q: Is Epilepsy a disease? Epilepsy is not a disease. It is a sign or symptom of an underlying neurological disorder. Q: What is a seizure? The brain is a highly complex and sensitive organ. It controls and regulates all our actions. It controls motor movements, sensations, thoughts, and emotions. It is the seat of memory, and it regulates the involuntary inner workings of the body such as the function of the heart and the lungs. The brain cells work together, communicating by means of electric signals. Occasionally there is an abnormal electrical discharge from a group of cells, and the result is a seizure. The type of seizure will depend upon the part of the brain where the abnormal electrical discharge arises. Q: What is an aura? Before the onset of a seizure some people experience a sensation or warning called an "aura". The aura may occur far enough in advance to give the person time to avoid possible injury. The type of aura experienced varies from person to person. Some people feel a change in body temperature, others experience a feeling of tension or anxiety. In some cases, the epileptic aura will be apparent to the person as a musical sound, a strange taste, or even a particular curious odour. If the person is able to give the physician a good description of this aura, it may provide a clue to the part of the brain where the initial discharges originate. An aura could occur without being followed by a seizure, and in some cases can by itself be called a type of simple partial seizure. Q: When was Epilepsy discovered? Epilepsy is the oldest known brain disorder. It was mentioned more than 2,000 years before Christ. References can be found in ancient Greek texts and in The Bible. It wasn't until the mid 1800's, however, that Epilepsy was given serious study. Sir Charles Locock was the first to introduce a sedative that aided in controlling seizures in 1857. In 1870, John Hughlings Jackson identified the brain's outer layer, the cerebral cortex, as the part involved in Epilepsy. Hans Berger demonstrated that the electrical impulses of the human brain could be recorded in 1929. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: People with Epilepsy Q: What kind of people have Epilepsy? Virtually everyone can have a seizure under the right circumstances. Each of us has a brain seizure threshold which makes us more or less resistant to seizures. Seizures can have many causes, including brain injury, poisoning, head trauma, or stroke; and these factors are not restricted to any age group, sex, or race and neither is Epilepsy. Q: How many people have Epilepsy? Epilepsy is far more common than most of us realize. Current estimates indicate that more than one per cent of the population have had, or will have, some form of Epilepsy in their lifetime. Q: Does Epilepsy strike at any particular age? Epilepsy can strike anyone at any age. However, most persons who develop seizures during their formative years tend to experience a reduction in the intensity and frequency of their seizures as they grow older. In many cases the Epilepsy will disappear completely. 50% of all cases develop before 10 years of age. Q: Does Epilepsy occur more in some cultures? Epilepsy occurs more frequently in some cultures. In Tanzania, 4% of the population experiences severe seizure disorders. In this case, genetic predisposition to lower seizure thresholds is known to exist. In Canada, 1-2% of the population has Epilepsy. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Types of Seizures Q: Are there different types of seizures? Many varieties of epileptic seizures occur, and frequency and form of attacks vary greatly from person to person. With modern methods of treatment, however, most cases can be fully controlled. Because there are so many nuances in Epilepsy and so many different kinds of seizures, a specific classification system is being promoted by the International League Against Epilepsy. The International Classification of Epilepsy Seizures has been adopted by the medical community and is gradually replacing outdated seizure terminology including "grand mal" and "petit mal". The new classification scheme describes two major types of seizures: "partial" and "generalized". It also divides each of these categories into subcategories including simple partial, complex-partial, absence, tonic-clonic, and other types. Q: What is the difference between partial and general seizures? The distinction between "partial" and "generalized" seizures is the most important feature of the new classifcation system. If the excessive electrical discharge in the brain is limited to one area, the seizure is partial. If the whole brain is involved, it is generalized. In all, there are over 30 different seizure types. Therefore, the new classification format subdivides the partial and generalized Epilepsies into a number of different categories. Q: What are partial seizures? Partial seizures (formerly known as focal seizures) with elementary symptomology are often referred to a simple partial. During this type of seizure the patient can experience a range of strange or unusual sensations including sudden, jerky movements of one body part, distortions in hearing or seeing, stomach discomfort, or a sudden sense of fear. Consciousness is not impaired. If another seizure type follows, these sensations may be referred to as an "aura". Q: What are complex partial seizures? Complex-partial seizures (formerly psychomotor or temporal lobe Epilepsy) are characterized by a complicated motor act involving impaired consciousness. During the seizure the patient appears dazed and confused. Purposeless behaviours such as random walking, mumbling, head turning, or pulling at clothing may be observed. Usually, these so-called "automatisms" cannot be recalled by the patient. In children this seizure may consist of staring or lip-smacking, and therefore may be confused with the absence seizure described below. Q: What are absence (petit mal) seizures? Generalized absence seizures (formerly petit mal) are characterized by 5 to 15 second lapses in consciousness. During this time the patient appears to be staring into space and the eyes may roll upwards. Absences are not preceded by an aura and activity can be resumed immediately afterwards. Typically, they occur in children and disappear by adolescence. They may, however, evolve into other seizure types, such as complex-partial or tonic-clonic. The occurrence of absences in adulthood are rare. Q: What are tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures? The tonic-clonic (formerly grand mal) seizure is a generalized convulsion involving two phases. In the tonic phase, the individual loses consciousness and falls, and the body becomes rigid. In the clonic period, the body extremities jerk and twitch. After the seizure, consciousness is regained slowly. If the tonic-clonic seizure begins locally (with a partial seizure) it may be preceded by an "aura". These seizures are said to be secondarily generalized. While the tonic-clonic seizure is the most visible, obvious type of Epilepsy, it is not the most common. Partial seizures are more frequently encountered and occur in 62% of all Epilepsy patients. Complex-partial seizures account for approximately 30% all cases. Q: What are other types of seizures? Benign rolandic epilepsy is an epileptic syndrome occurring in young children that is age limited (you stop having seizures in the teen years) . Salivation, twitching of the mouth or upper extremity on one side are typical manifestations. Seizures occur almost exclusively nocturnally. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is an epilepsy characterized by onset in childhood or adolescence and is associated with extremity jerking or generalized tonic clonic seizures ('grand mal') within an hour or two of wakening from sleep. Seizures which may be precipitated by sleep deprivation, alcohol intake or coffee (strange) tend to occur in the morning. Pleases contact your local Epilepsy association or clinic for additional information. Other seizure terms include: Atonic (Drop Attacks), Myclonic, Infantile Spasms, Nocturnal, Photosensitive, Visual, Musicogenic, Jacksonian, Sensory, Bilateral Myclonus, Atkinetic, Autonomic, Prolonged seizures, and Ictal State. Q: What are "status" seizures? Status epilepticus is the term used to describe recurrent seizures without recovery of consciousness between attacks. This is a medical emergency and can be life threatening, or cause brain damage. Immediate action to get the necessary medical care should be taken. Q: What are pseudoseizures? Psuedoseizures (or psychogenic seizures) are quite common and can occur in people who have, or do not have, Epilepsy. The attacks are triggered by a conscious or unconscious desire for more care and attention. The seizures start with rapid breathing, triggered by mental stress, anxiety, or pain. As the person breaths rapidly, they build up carbon dioxide in their body and change their chemistry. This can cause symptoms very much like Epileptic seizures: prickling in the face, hands, and feet, stiffening, trembling, etc. The appropriate treatment for pseudoseizures is to calm the person and start them breathing at a normal rate. Treatment should also involve investigating the mental and emotional factors that led to the psuedoseizure. Q: How do you distinguish epileptic seizures from pseudoseizures? Epileptic seizures and pseudoseizures are distinguishable both by their nature and symptoms, but the diagnosis can be difficult. Epileptic seizures are caused by a change in how the brain cells send electrical signals to each other, while pseudoseizures are triggered by a conscious or unconscious desire for more care and attention. Thus, measuring brain activity with an EEG and video telmetry is important for distinguishing epileptic and pseudoseizures. Also, pseudoseizures often lack the exhaustion, confusion, and nausea that is associated with epileptic seizures. Psychogenic seizures can occur in people who also experience epileptic seizures. Q: Can seizures occur if a person does not have Epilepsy? Epilepsy is a chronic condition of recurrent unprovoked seizures. Isolated seizures and provoked seizures (e.g., drug or alcohol induced) are not Epilepsy even though the events are real seizures. There are many types of non-epileptic seizures. Non-epileptic seizures differ from epileptic seizures in that there is usually no evidence of abnormal electrical activity in the brain after the seizure, and they do not occur repeatedly. Some of the more common causes of non-epileptic seizures are: low blood sugar, fainting, heart disease, stroke, migraine headaches, kinked blood vessels, narcolepsy, withdrawal, and extreme stress or anxiety. Q: What are the seizures like? The nature of the seizures varies depending upon the type of Epilepsy the individual has. Some seizures may be very noticeable while some may go completely unrecognized. With the most common types of seizures there is some loss of consciousness, but some seizures may only involve small movements of the body or strange feelings. The different seizures types have certain characteristics that accompany them. Q: What does it feel like to have a seizure? Epilepsy is a broad classification for a wide variety of seizures, so different people's seizures can be very different. Common feelings associated with seizures include uncertainty, fear, physical and mental exhaustion, confusion, and memory loss. Some types of seizures can produce visual and auditory phenomena, while others can involve a "blank" feeling. If a person is unconscious during a seizure there may be no feeling at all. Many people also experience an "aura" before the seizure itself. Q: How long do the seizures last? Depending on the type of seizure, they can last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. In rare cases, seizures can last many hours. For example, a tonic-clonic seizure typically lasts 1-7 minutes. Absence seizures may only last a few seconds, while complex partial seizures range from 30 seconds to 2-3 minutes. "Status Epilepticus" refers to prolonged seizures that can last for many hours, and this can be a serious medical condition. In most cases, however, seizures are fairly short and little first aid is required. Q: Is there such a thing as a "minor" case of Epilepsy? There are over 30 types of seizures, and some types are more severe than others. Long tonic-clonic convulsions, for example, can produce more physical and mental effects than shorter partial seizures. Some people may experience very frequent seizures (every few hours), while others can go for months or years without a seizure. Also, some seizures are easily controlled by drug therapies, while others may continue regardless of the medication that is tried. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Causes and Triggers Q: What causes Epilepsy? There is no single cause of Epilepsy. Many factors can injure the nerve cells in the brain or the way the nerve cells communicate with each other. In approximately 65% of all cases there is NO known cause. The following are some of the most frequently identified causes: o Head injury that causes scaring of the brain tissue. o Trauma at birth, or high fever. o Excessively rough handling or shaking of infants. o Certain drugs or toxic substances when administered in large doses. o Interruption of blood flow to the brain caused by stroke, tumour, or certain cardiovascular problems. o Diseases which alter the balance of blood or its chemical structure, or diseases that damage the nerve cells in the brain. When physicians can identify the underlying disorder, such as those mentioned above, the condition is referred to as "Symptomatic" Epilepsy. In some cases, however, the underlying disorder can't be identified and this is called "Idiopathic" Epilepsy. Q: Is Epilepsy inherited? In most cases Epilepsy is not inherited. In a few cases the tendency towards Epilepsy might be inherited, but even with this tendency certain conditions must exist in the brain before a person will experience epileptic seizures. It is most unlikely that children will inherit the disorder. Q: Is Epilepsy contagious? Epilepsy is in no way contagious. No one can get the disorder by talking to, kissing, or touching somebody with Epilepsy. Epilepsy can only be transmitted through hereditary transfer. Epilepsy that runs in families suggests an underlying metabolic or genetic etiology, and this is the least common of all Epilepsy causes. Q: Is it caused by a virus? Epilepsy can be the result of an infection or disease. Some conditions known to have a risk of resulting in Epilepsy are meningitis, viral encephalitis, and less frequently mumps, measles, diphtheria, and abscesses. Q: Can certain things trigger seizures? In some cases, epileptic seizures can be triggered by things that happen in the environment. Seizures can be triggered by flashing lights or sudden changes from dark to light (or vice versa). Other people can react to loud noises or monotonous sounds, or even certain musical notes. It is important for people with Epilepsy to learn what kinds of events can trigger seizures for them. Q: Can seizures be triggered by flashing lights? "Photosensitive Epilepsy" is the name given to a form of the disorder where seizures are triggered by flickering or flashing lights. Though it occurs more frequently in girls aged 6-12, it can occur at any age and regardless of gender. Q: Can certain foods or drinks cause seizures? People with Epilepsy should have regular meals at regular intervals and pay attention to what they eat and drink. Prescription and non-prescription drugs, as well as food additives, may interact with anti-convulsant drugs. Alcohol can lower seizure thresholds. Q: Can lack of sleep cause seizures? Excessive sleep deprivation can lower seizure thresholds and possibly result in a seizure. Lack of sleep is known to be an important precipitating factor in causing seizures. Other factors that can lower seizure thresholds are high fever, increased excitement, and changes in body chemistry. It is important for people with Epilepsy to learn what kinds of events can trigger seizures for them. Q: Can low blood sugar trigger seizures? Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can induce epileptic-type seizures. This condition can be caused by diet or by drugs such as insulin. This is not really Epilepsy since it is not recurrent seizures that are due to abnormal brain activity. Here the seizures are directly caused by the blood sugar levels. Q: Can Nutrasweet (Aspartame) trigger seizures? In 1984, there were 3 reports about large amounts of Aspartame causing a lowering of the seizure threshold and therefore increasing seizure activity. The Centre for Disease Control in Atlanta did a review of this and were unable to find any cause or effect relationship at normal doses. More recently, Aspartame has been found to be unsuitable for some children with generalized absence Epilepsy. A Queen's University study looked at the brain-wave patterns in 10 children and the effects of the artificial sweetener "Nutrasweet". A 40% increase in abnormal brain-wave activity associated with absence seizures was found in this study. However, there was no effect on the actual number of seizures. Research on this topic is continuing. Q: Does alcohol affect seizures? Alcohol can raise and then lower the seizure threshold, and thus increases the tendency to have a seizure. More important are interactions between alcohol and seizure medicines. Also, some drugs of abuse, especially cocaine and amphetamines, can cause seizures. Some prescription medications when taken in large doses can also bring on seizures. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: First Aid for Seizures Q: How can I help someone who is having a seizure? The appropriate behaviour for helping someone who has a seizure depends on the type of seizure it is. While a person experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure may require some first aid, in most cases there is little that can be done. Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal) This type of seizure is often the most dramatic and frightening, but it is important to realize that a person undergoing an epileptic seizure is usually unconscious and feels no pain. The seizure usually lasts only a few minutes, and the person does not need medical care. These simple procedures should be followed: 1. Keep calm. You cannot stop a seizure once it has started. Let the seizure run its course. Do not try to revive the person. 2. Ease the person to the floor and loosen clothing. 3. Try to remove any hard, sharp, or hot objects that might injure the person. It may be necessary to place a cushion or soft item under their head. 4. Turn the person on his or her side, so that the saliva can flow from the mouth. 5. Do NOT put anything in the person's mouth. 6. After the seizure the person should be allowed to rest or to sleep if necessary. 7. After resting most people carry on as before. If the person is not at home and still seems groggy, weak, or confused, it may be better to accompany them home. 8. In the case of a child having a seizure, contact a parent or guardian. 9. If the person undergoes a series of convulsions, with each successive one occurring before he or she has fully recovered consciousness, or a single seizure lasting longer than 10 minutes, you should immediately seek medical assistance. Absence (Petit Mal) No first aid is required. Complex-Partial (Psychomotor or Temporal Lobe) 1. Do NOT restrain the person. Protect him or her by moving sharp or hot objects away. 2. If wandering occurs, stay with the person and talk quietly. Simple-Partial (Focal) No first aid is required. Q: What if my child has a seizure during his sleep? Children are usually awakened by seizures that occur while they sleep. Thus, a parent of a child with a known seizure disorder is usually aware when their child has seizures during the night. Only in those rare cases where a child vomits or experiences other problems during a seizure is there a need to worry. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Diagnosis Q: How is Epilepsy diagnosed? The diagnosis and evaluation of Epilepsy requires the physician to know all about the seizures - when they started, the patient's appearance before, during, and after a seizure, and any unusual behavioural occurrences. A background of the family's health history is also useful. In addition, an electroencephalogram (EEG) may help detect areas of increased nerve cell activity. Q: What types of doctors can diagnose and treat Epilepsy? Any licensed physician is qualified to treat Epilepsy. There are doctors who specialize in neurological disorders, and these neurologists can be found practicing in many hospitals and private practices. Epileptologists may work in an Epilepsy clinic, as well as in private practices. Usually a referral is required from another physician in order to see a Neurologists and Epileptologists. Some people also consult alternative health practitioners who specialize in holistic healing, acupuncture, or chiropractic treatments. Often, the first doctor to diagnose Epilepsy is the family doctor. Most of them have had some experience with it, and will be the one to refer a person with Epilepsy to a specialist initially. Pediatricians are also well aware of Epilepsy, since about two-thirds of all Epilepsy occurs before the age of 14. A neurologist has specialized training in the disorders of the brain and nervous system. A neurosurgeon, psychiatrist, or psychologist may also get involved if the circumstances require them. Q: Can a person with Epilepsy have a false negative EEG? An EEG measures the electrical activity on the surface of the brain. An EEG may appear to be normal if the abnormal electrical activity is occurring deeper in the brain than the EEG is able to monitor. Q: Can a person have a false positive EEG for Epilepsy. Many people who do not have Epilepsy may have some "epileptiform" activity on an EEG. However, this does not prove that they have a seizure disorder. Reading EEG's is a highly skilled activity, and a diagnosis of Epilepsy is based on the clinical picture as well as the EEG. Other tests, such as CT scans and MRI scans, may be performed to confirm any findings. Q: Is my child having absence seizures or just day dreaming? A child having an absence seizure may appear to the onlooker as if they are day dreaming or just staring into space. What may be happening is a sudden period of altered consciousness. To be able to tell the difference, close observations might have to be done. Usual behavioral characteristics of a absence seizure may include: eye blinking, chewing of the mouth, and perhaps a slight rhythmic movement of the facial muscles, head, or arms. During the seizure the child may not respond to verbal or physical stimulation. Immediately after the seizure, the child is able to resume normal activity. If you observe unusual behaviour in your child, a visit to a neurologist should be arranged through your family doctor. Q: What conditions are sometimes mis-diagnosed as Epilepsy? Seizures occurring as a result of alcohol withdrawal, fever, or hypoglycemia can be mistaken for Epilepsy. Other causes of seizures that do not indicate Epilepsy are strokes, migraine headaches, calcified blood vessels, narcolepsy, and psychogenic or pseudoseizures. Q: Can seizures go un-noticed? The symptoms of seizures are not always noticeable for on-lookers or for the person who is experiencing the seizure. Seizure may result in rigidity in the body, convulsions, chewing of the mouth, unusual behaviors, or loss of consciousness. Some symptoms may be less apparent, such as disorientation or unusual sensations. Milder symptoms do not mean that the seizure is of less importance. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Treatments Q: Is there a cure for Epilepsy? There is no known "cure" for Epilepsy. Medications can often control seizures, but they are not a cure. Some forms of Epilepsy occur only in childhood, and the person is said to have outgrown the seizures. In some cases there is a spontaneous remission of the seizure disorder. Sometimes, surgery to remove the part of the brain in which the seizures originate can produce a complete and permanent stop to seizures. Q: Is it fatal? Epilepsy itself can cause death if prolonged repeated seizures ("status epilepticus") are not treated properly. Such deaths are very rare, however. More common is death due to hazards or accidents that occur when someone has a seizure unexpectedly in a potentially dangerous situation. Q: What kinds of treatments are available? When a physician diagnoses Epilepsy, a specific treatment can be recommended. The treatment prescribed by the physician is designed to control the seizures and help the patient to carry on a healthy life, participating in all normal activities, including most sports. The two major kinds of treatments are drug therapy and surgery. Q: Are there drug treatments for Epilepsy? Treatment of Epilepsy is primarily through the use of special anti-convulsive drugs. There are many different types of these drugs, and the type prescribed will depend upon the particular needs of the individual. The drugs are prescribed either alone or in a combination. The various drugs or combination of drugs control different types of seizures. Q: How do drugs work to control seizures? The drugs used to control seizures are called anticonvulsants. How they stop the seizures, change the seizure threshold, or prevent electrical discharges from occurring is not fully known. The neurochemical basis for their action is also unknown. Research has shown that some of the drugs can block the spread of abnormally fast nerve impulses in the brain, while others can increase the flow of chloride ions, which stabilize the nerve cells. Research is still being done in this area. Q: What drugs are used to treat Epilepsy? There are many different drugs used to treat Epilepsy. Some of the more common ones are: Tegretol (carbamazepine), Dilantin (phenytoin), Mysoline (primidone), Epival (valproate), Frisium (clobazam), Rivotril (clonazepam), Mogadon (nitrazepam), Phenobarbitol, Depakene (valproic acid), Zarontin (ethosuximide), Neurontin (gabapentin), Lamictal (lamotrigine), Sabril (vigabatrin). There are also many new drugs under development. The choice of drug is determined by the type of seizure, the side effects of the drugs, and the age and health of the person. Often a number of drugs, and combinations of drugs, have to be tried until the seizures are brought under control. Q: How effective are the drug treatments? Most epileptic seizures are controlled by special anti-convulsive drugs prescribed by a physician. About 50 per cent of those who take this medication will have their seizures eliminated; 30 per cent will have their seizures reduced in intensity and frequency to the point where they can live and work normally. The remaining 20 per cent are either resistant to the medication, or else they require such large dosages of the drug to control the seizures that it is preferable to accept partial control. Q: Do these drugs have side effects? Many medications for Epilepsy have side effects. These can range from mild to severe, and will differ depending on the drug and dosage. Some of the more common side effects of anti-epileptic drugs are: drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, irritability, and hyperactivity. Q: What is a "blood level"? "Blood level" refers to the amount of anticonvulsant in the blood. It is measured with a simple blood test and is used to help determine if a patient's symptoms may be due to toxicity or to side effects of medication. It is also used to determine if the patient is taking enough medication to prevent seizures. The therapeutic range for different anti-convulsants has been determined by testing blood levels in thousands of patients whose seizures are controlled and who are not experiencing toxic effects. Q: What are the symptoms of too high a drug level? Too high of a drug level may cause a person to experience side effects such as drowsiness, confusion, breakthrough seizures, unsteadiness, and nausea. This may require a reduction in dosage or a change to a different medication. Q: How much do the drugs cost? The cost of the anticonvulsant drugs will depend on the dosage levels needed, the drug being used, and the amount in each prescription. There is usually a difference in price between a drug's brand name and its generic equivalent. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if a generic one is available for you to use, and if it is appropriate. Q: Is it necessary for all people with Epilepsy to be on medication? Treatment of Epilepsy is primarily through the use of anticonvulsive drugs. There are many different types of drugs and the type prescribed will depend upon the particular seizure pattern of the individual. If someone has been seizure free for several years, the doctor may decide to slowly withdraw the medication. Q: When is surgery used to treat Epilepsy? Surgery is used only when medication fails and only in a small percentage of cases where the injured brain tissue causing the seizures is confined to one area of the brain and can be safely removed without damaging personality or functions. Q: What is the likelihood that my child will outgrow a seizure disorder? The likelihood of a child outgrowing a seizure disorder is difficult to answer. Sometimes children do outgrow Epilepsy, while for others the seizures may stay the same or intensify with age. Some people experience the same type of seizures throughout their lifetime. Some epilepsies are known to almost always remit (for example, Benign Rolandic Epilepsy or Epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and rolandic seizures), some are known to usually remit (e.g., childhood absence) and some are known to almost never remit (e.g., Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy). The medical community cannot predict who will continue to have seizures and who will not, but they feel that the sooner Epilepsy is diagnosed, the better it can be controlled. Q: Do non-traditional approaches help? Some people with Epilepsy have tried many different approaches to improve their seizure control. In some cases, the person feels that they have experienced improvement. However, scientific studies have not been conducted into most non-traditional approaches. Techniques known to reduce stress or improve overall health may be helpful to some people. Other techniques that have been tried are biofeedback, diets, acupuncture, and meditation. Q: Does transcendental meditation have any effect on Epilepsy? The medical community has not determined if things such as transcendental meditation have any real effect on Epilepsy. It has been shown that when people know what is happening at a given moment, some can influence the automatic processes of the body. With biofeedback, some people can moderate and possibly change certain functions thought to be involuntary, such as the rhythm of their brain waves, blood pressure, heart rate, etc. The significance of this for Epilepsy is not known. Q: Does biofeedback help? Biofeedback is the process of moderating, limiting or changing certain physiological functions previously thought to be involuntary, such as heart rate, blood pressure, brain waves, etc. For Epilepsy, a person could be given extensive biofeedback training and taught behavioural modification techniques through which he/she control certain physiological functions related to seizures. Biofeedback training can also be taught as a method of stress reduction. This in itself can reduce the frequency of seizures in some persons with stress related seizures. Further study is needed to ascertain the value of biofeedback in the treatment of Epilepsy. Non-medical approaches may improve seizure control in some persons, but should not be undertaken without the knowledge of the physician prescribing the anti-convulsants. Under no circumstances should anti-convulsants be stopped suddenly as this may precipitate prolonged and life-threatening seizures. Q: Is there a special diet for people with Epilepsy? Good nutritional habits and a healthy life style may assist in the maintenance of optimum seizure control. Experiencing a drastic weight change may mean that either a chemical or metabolic imbalance is occurring, and you should consult your physician. Though some anti-convulsants may cause nutrient deficiencies in some people, a well balanced diet will usually prevent this. Also see KETOGENIC DIET Q: What is a ketogenic diet? A ketogenic diet is very rich in lipids (fats) and oils, but low in proteins and carbohydrates. This unusually high intake of lipids and oils creates a condition in the body know as "ketosis". The metabolic shift that is created increases the seizure threshold for some. This diet is also calory and liquid restricted. The Ketogenic diet is mainly effective in children. It requires careful preparation and strict adherence. Although it takes a significant commitment to be successful, many children have greater seizure control with this diet than with conventional (drug) therapys. Some are able to reduce or eliminate antiseizure medications. Careful medical supervision is essential when using this as a therapy. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Living with Epilepsy Q: Can people living with Epilepsy lead normal lives? Experience has shown that people with Epilepsy have fewer seizures if they lead normal active lives. This means they should be encouraged to find jobs, either full or part-time. People with any disabilities are now protected under amendments to the Human Rights Code (Canada). However, some jobs, because of the nature of technical equipment or machinery, may not be recommended for a person with Epilepsy. It is therefore most important for a young adult to work with the school guidance department to establish appropriate career goals. Q: What can people with Epilepsy do to help their health? Like any medical condition, Epilepsy is affected by the general health and well-being of the person affected. So, anything that can be done to improve the state of the person can have a positive effect on Epilepsy. This includes diet, exercise, rest, reducing stress, avoiding depression, and staying away from alcohol and illegal drugs. Q: Who should know that I have Epilepsy? Openness and honesty about Epilepsy is important. A child's teacher should be informed about the type of seizure, what they look like, their frequency, and any first aid requirements. There are advantages and disadvantages to telling an employer. What you tell them may depend upon how comfortable you are discussing your Epilepsy, the kinds of seizures involved, and the type of job. An employer may ask if you have a medical problem that would make you unable to do your job, but they may not ask generally about your medication condition. Q: Is there prejudice against people with Epilepsy? While much progress has been made in reducing societal prejudice against Epilepsy, discrimination or rejection may also be a problem for the person with the seizures. In addition, family and friends may be overprotective or impose unnecessary restrictions. In the end, the person with seizures may lose confidence or feel "like a second class citizen". Q: Are there any problems having children? Women who use seizure-controlling drugs must be careful when it comes to having children. There have been reported cases of birth defects for these women. While the "normal" rate of birth defects is 2-3% , women with epilepsy who are not taking medication have a slightly higher (1/2%) risk of malformations. Women on a single medication have a risk of about 6-7%, with some differences due to the particular medication involved. Multiple drug combinations drastically increase the risk. This creates a problem because the drugs may create risks for the baby, but the need for anti-seizure drugs remains during pregnancy. Seizures may even be more frequent during pregnancy, and harm both the baby and the mother. A doctor may decide to change or reduce a woman's medication if she plans to become pregnant. In some cases, however, the doctor may recommend that the risks of pregnancy are too great for the mother and child. Any changes in medication must be considered carefully, and a woman should never adjust her own medication. There are some special issues relating to maternal health during pregnancy for women with Epilepsy, and this may require special attention. Finally, some seizure medications can lead to failures of oral birth control pills. Q: Can medications for controlling Epilepsy harm a nursing baby? Always check with your physician if you are on anticonvulsants and planning to breast feed. Although anticonvulsant medication has been measured in the breast milk of mothers with Epilepsy, the amount is usually too low to harm the child. Q: Can people living with Epilepsy drive a car? In Ontario, the situation is that anyone with a history of Epilepsy may drive a motor vehicle, provided the person's physician certifies that he or she has been free from seizures for a minimum period of a year. Each case is reviewed by a medical advisory committee. The situation may be different in your location. Ask your physician about it, or contact a driver examination centre. Q: Can people living with Epilepsy go swimming? It is advised that before a person with Epilepsy goes swimming, they should consult their doctor. When a person with Epilepsy does go swimming, they should not do it alone (common water-safety advice for everyone). It is also recommended that swimming be done in a supervised pool rather than beaches, lakes, or rivers. Q: Can Epilepsy lead to problems at school? Longstanding seizure disorders may be associated with seizure-induced brain damage and memory problems. Also, children with Epilepsy may experience learning or concentration problems because of the neurological disorder or the medications. If a child who has Epilepsy is having problems at school, either academically or socially, the teacher and the principal should be asked to help. If you would like your child to be tested by the school psychologist, arrange it through the principal. If your child is having academic problems, ask to see the Special Education Consultant for the area. In consultation with the child's teacher, a modified program can be arranged if necessary. Children with Epilepsy should be allowed to take part in all regular school activities, including sports. Q: Can Epilepsy cause emotional problems? People with Epilepsy may develop depression for both biological and social reasons. Some longstanding poorly controlled seizure disorders may be associated with chronic personality changes. Also, or short durations following temporal lobe seizures some patients may have emotional "swings" or other thinking difficulties. While Epilepsy is a medical problem, the person with the seizures must also make a number of emotional adjustments. The first challenge is acceptance of the diagnosis. Initially people with Epilepsy and their families may experience shock or denial. Anger, fear, and depression are also common. However, with information and support, people with Epilepsy can understand the condition and develop positive coping strategies. Q: Can Epilepsy lead to problems with self-esteem? It is important to remember that people with Epilepsy can, and do, live full, productive lives. If self-esteem becomes a problem, open discussion with supportive friends, family, or a professional counsellor can help you develop new ways of coping and a new sense of hope. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Working With Epilepsy Q: What occupations are not appropriate for people with Epilepsy? Given that they are trained with appropriate sets of skills and/or education, the vast majority of people with Epilepsy are capable of performing any job. Some exceptions to the rule are: occupations in the military, commercial airlines, and fire brigade as the lives of others may be endangered should a seizure occur. Consideration should be give to the type of seizures and how well they are controlled by medication. Q: Can people with Epilepsy fly a plane? Persons with Epilepsy may not be able to fly a plane. There are strict standards that must be met by anyone wanting to get their pilot's license. Each person is individually assessed and must meet a regime of standards set up by the Civil Aviation Medical Centre. Q: Is there a problem with job safety? Employers hiring someone with Epilepsy are often concerned that job safety will be compromised in the event of an injury caused by a seizure in the workplace. One study revealed that the accident rate of workers with Epilepsy was lower than those employees without disabilities. Liability is not a factor as long as the employee has been placed in an appropriate job and reasonable accommodation is provided as necessary. Q: Can an employer ask about Epilepsy on a job application? Under the Ontario Human Rights Code (Chapter 53, Section 22(2)), it is illegal for an employer to ask about medical problems on the application form. A person with Epilepsy (or any other health problem) is not required to respond to any medical related question. A copy of the Ontario Human Rights Code and A Guild to the Ontario Human Rights Code is available by calling Access Ontario at (613) 238-3630. Q: Can an employer ask about Epilepsy during a job interview? In the Ontario Human Rights Codes (Chapter 53, Section 22(3)), nothing precludes the interviewer from asking questions about your health status, however it MUST relate to your ability to perform the essential duties of the job. They may ask "Do you have any medical problems that would make you unable to do the job?", but they MAY NOT ask "Do you have any medical problems?" A copy of the Ontario Human Rights Code and A Guild to the Ontario Human Rights Code is available by calling Access Ontario at (613) 238-3630 Q: Can I be fired because I have Epilepsy? The Ontario Human Rights Code does not permit employers to fire an employee because they had a seizure at work, or have Epilepsy. Before a person is dismissed, the employer must show that "reasonable accommodation" (Chapter 53, Section 23(2)) has been made to help the person keep their job. Accommodations are determined by doing a physical demands analysis, which is a breakdown of the exact physical requirements necessary to perform the job. Access Ontario, at (613) 232-0489, will be able to provide you with more Ontario Human Rights Information. Q: Can people with Epilepsy get social assistance? A person who has Epilepsy may qualify for assistance to prepare for and to obtain employment under the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services' Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program. Assistance may take the form of vocational assessment, counselling, academic, or technical training or job placement. Application should be made to the nearest office of the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services, listed in the blue pages in the telephone directory. A person who is severely disabled by seizures, and unable to compete in the work force, may apply for assistance under Ontario's Benefits Program, often called GAINS-D. Application should be made to the nearest office of the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services, listed in the Government of Ontario section of the blue pages on the telephone directory. Two other kinds of financial assistance are available in Ontario, depending on a person's income: General Assistance, usually referred to as welfare, is available for anyone in urgent need of financial aid. Special Assistance is for a person who is employed, but has extraordinary needs such as a high prescription drug costs. Application for each of these assistance programs should be made through the municipal social service department. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Epilepsy and Other Disorders Q: Is Epilepsy related to other neurological problems? Epilepsy is not necessarily associated with other neurological problems or learning disabilities. Occasionally, the source of the seizures may be reflected in other neurological deficits. Also, medication for seizures may cause sedations and thus decrease the rate of learning. People with Epilepsy have the same range of intelligence as the general population. Q: Is Epilepsy related to mental illness? Epilepsy is not related to mental illness. Because of the involvement of the brain, Epilepsy has been mistakenly associated with psychiatric disorders. Epilepsy differs from psychiatric disorders in that seizures last for very brief periods and begin and end abruptly. Further, when not having seizures, people with Epilepsy need not have any changes in their mood or behaviour. Q: Can Epilepsy affect intelligence? Seizures can affect intelligence, so prompt diagnosis and rapid control of seizures is important. There is also a risk if seizures are prolonged and there is a significant reduction in oxygen in the brain during seizures. However, these are extremely rare occurrences. In the case of developmentally delayed persons with Epilepsy, it is most likely that the cause of the developmental delay is also the cause of the seizures. In most cases, people with Epilepsy have normal intelligence. Q: Is there a link between memory loss and Epilepsy? Some people with Epilepsy do experience a difficulty in recalling distant and recent events. Often, this is caused by the medications used to treat Epilepsy, or by regular seizure activity. People affected in this way can learn to compensate by using lists and reminders, and by creating an organized environment. Q: Is Epilepsy related to asthma? Asthma occurs in children with Epilepsy at about the same frequency as it occurs in the general population. Likewise, the reverse is also true. The drug theophylline can trigger seizures. Q: Are there any diseases that persons with Epilepsy more prone to? People with Epilepsy who are on medications may experience side effects that makes them more susceptible to other diseases and disorders. One common condition is Hyperplaxia, an over-growth of the gums caused by the drug Dilantin. Other common problems are liver dysfunction and depression. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: Miscellaneous Q: Do animals get Epilepsy? Epilepsy can occur in animals. Like humans, Epilepsy in animals is really just abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Q: Can dogs sense a seizure in humans before it strikes? It is possible that some dogs are able to detect pre-seizure changes in the physiology of some people with Epilepsy before the person becomes aware of them. In many cases, the person with Epilepsy is aware of an aura before the onset of the main part of the seizure. Not enough is known about how dogs can detect seizures before their onset to know exactly what sense(s) are involved in this detection. However, one might hypothesize that since dogs can detect chemical changes due to fear, seizures that are preceded by a sense of fear might also produce detectable changes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Topic: More Information Q: Where can I get more information about Epilepsy? There are a number of information sources about Epilepsy. Here is a partial list, and I welcome suggestions for other things to be added here. o Epilepsy (Ontario) Ottawa-Carleton B3-180 Metcalfe St. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2P 1P5 (613) 594-9255 WWW: http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/freeport/social.services/epilepsy/menu o Epilepsy Ontario 1 Promenade Circle, Suite 308 Thornhill, ON M4J 4P8 Telephone: (416) 229-2291 or (905) 764-5099 or (800) 463-1119 E-Mail: epilepsy@epilepsy.org WWW: http://www.epilepsy.org o Epilepsy Canada 1470 Peel St., Suite 745 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1T1 (514) 845-7866 WWW: http://www.generation.net/~epilepsy o Epilepsy Foundation of America (EFA) 8000 Corporate Drive, Suite 120 Landover, MD 20785 1-800-225-6872 or 1-800-EFA-1000 E-mail: ntsa@aol.com WWW: http://www.efa.org/ o National Institute of Health 1-800-352-9424 o Additional information on the Ketogenic diet can be obtained from: The Johns Hopkins Pediatric Epilepsy Center, (410)955-9100 or The Charlie Foundation to Help Cure Pediatric Epilepsy, (800)FOR-KETO. o A support group for patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis, a form of Epilepsy characterized by intractable seizures, eventual hemiplegia and dementia, is being started. Interested people should contact: Joan MacKeigan 380 Raymond St. Saint Bruno, QC Canada J3V 2S7 514-461-2586 o In many areas there are local associations that may be valuable to you. Q: What books are available on Epilepsy? o EPILEPSY AND THE FAMILY by Richard Lechtenberg. Harvard Univ. Press, 79 Garden Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138-1311 o LIVING WELL WITH EPILEPSY by Robert J. Gumnit, Demos Publications, 1990, 156 Fiftth Ave, NY, NY 10010 o EPILEPSY AND YOU, by Frank O. Volle and Patricia A. Heron o DOES YOUR CHILD HAVE EPILEPSY? by J.E. Jan, R.G. Ziegler, G. Erba, Austin PRO-ED Press, 5341 Industrial Oacks Blvd, Austin, TX 78735 o CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY: A PARENTS GUIDE, by Helen Reisner, Woodbine House, 5615 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 o ONE MIRACLE AT A TIME, HOW TO GET HELP FOR YOUR DISABLED CHILD - FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHER PARENTS, by Irving Dickman, PACER Center, Inc 4826 Chicago Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55417 o THE EPISODE, by Richard Pollak * This one is listed as fiction o HAVING EPILEPSY, THE EXPERIENCE AND CONTROL OF ILLNESS by Joseph Schneider and Peter Conrad, Temple Univ Press, Broad and Oxford Streets, Philadelphia, PA o PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN EPILEPSY, SOCIAL DIMENSIONS by Steven Whitman and Bruce Hermann, Oxford University Press, 16-00 Pollitt Drive, Fair Lawn, NJ 07419-2799 o SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY IN CHILDHOOD: A GUIDE FOR PARENTS by John Freeman, EileenVining and Diana Pillas, The John Hopkins University Press, 701 West 40th St, Balitimore, MD 21211 o A GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING AND LIVING WITH EPILEPSY, Orrin Devinsky, F.A. Davis Company, 1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 o BRAINSTORMS: EPILEPSY IN OUR WORDS, by Steven Schachter, Raven Press 1185 Avenue of the Americans, NY, NY 10036 o THE BRAINSTORMS COMPANION: EPILEPSY IN OUR VIEW, by Steven Schachter, Raven Press, 1185 Avenue of the Americas, NY, NY 10036 o THE EPILEPSY DIET TREATMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE KETOGENIC DIET (Demos Press, 1994) by John Freeman, Millicent Kelly, and Jennifer Freeman o CHALLENGE OF EPILEPSY by Sally Fletcher (Aura Publishing Company/20 Sunnyside Ave., #A150/Mill Valley, CA 94941) Q: Where can I find information on the Internet about Epilepsy? o There are two Epilepsy-related mailing lists: "Epilepsy-List" is intended for general discussions about Epilepsy and seizure disorders. Most traffic is from people living with Epilepsy or their friends and family. The companion list, "Epilepsy-PRO" is intended for discussions about Epilepsy and seizure disorders by professionals working in this field. To find out about these lists, send mail to listserv@calvin.dgbt.doc.ca and include the command lines "info epilepsy-list" and/or "info epilepsy-pro". o There is an Epilepsy Home Page on the web that has several links, including one for the Ketogenic Diet. The URL is http://www.swcp.com/~djf/epilepsy/index.html. The Ketogenic Diet link shows the URL http://www.swcp.com/~djf/epilepsy/ketogenic.html. o Mass General Hospital and Harvard sponsor a neuro forum where people can ask questions about seizure disorders, meds, etc. The address is http://dem0nmac.mgh.harvard.edu/neurowebforum and you may try http://dem0nmac.mgh.harvard.edu/epilepsy/epihome.html. [Note: that is a "zero" in the hostname: dem0nmac. -- ASP] o Another source of information is http://www.webcom.com/pleasant/sarah/epilepsy.html o The Charles A. Dana foundation, which has opened a website at http://www.dana.org/, supports brain research and school reform by means of grants and public education initiatives. o There's a fairly extensive description of Depakote at http://www.fairlite.com/ocd/medications/depakote.shtml and this may be a good reference for information on many medications: http://www.fairlite.com/ocd/medications. Another reference for drug information is also available: http://pharminfo.com/drugdb/db_mnu.html . o Canine Epilepsy: http://www.zmall.com/pet_talk/dog-faqs/epilepsy.html o The Epilepsy Society of Northwest Florida has a home page: http://www.cil.gulf.net/epil.html. o The Epilepsy Association of Metro Toronto also has a home page: http://www.interlog.com/~rutheamt. o Your Child and Neurosurgery contains several chapters on the surgical treatment of children with medically refractory epilepsy: http://peds-neuro-web.med.nyu.edu. o Other sites people have mentioned: + Epilepsy Support/Education Organizations: http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/ep-resrc.htm + MGH Epilepsy Surgery: http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/epilepsy.htm + Assorted Medical Links: http://soho.ios.com/~lewycky/medical.html + SURGERY FOR EPILEPSY: http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/epil-nih.htm + http://ccfadm.eeg.ccf.org/~tom/ cv.out + AECOM/MMC Epilepsy Home Page: http://balrog.aecom.yu.edu/epilepsy/ + Neurosciences Internet Resource Guide: http://http2.sils.umich.edu/Public/nirg/nirg1.html + Department of Neurological Surgery: http://www.neus.ccf.org/ + MCG-Neurology: http://www.neuro.mcg.edu/ + University Medical Center: http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/umc.shtml + Tammi's Epilepsy Page: http://www.mndly.umn.edu/~chur/epilepsy.html + JHMI-InfoNet: Patient Advocacy Groups: http://infonet.welch.jhu.edu/advocacy.html + Neurology/Neuroscience: http://www.informatik.uni-rostock.de/HUM-MOLGEN/neurology/ + Yale Section of Neurosurgery: http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/neurosur/ + UNM Neurosurgery Associates: http://spine.unm.edu/neurosurg/fac&res.html + Basic Sciences: http://lnbd.uicomp.uic.edu/homepage/bs.htm + PSI PET Program: http://pss023.psi.ch/ + About the CVRC: http://ceres.med.upenn.edu/www/cvrc.html + http://www.med.stanford.edu/touchstone/listserv.html + ftp://ftp.win-uk.net/pub/users/copernic/medical.resources + http://www.ibmpcug.co.uk/~copernic/meda.htm + Neuropsychology Central: http://www.premier.net/~cogito/neuropsy.html + EpiNet: http://www.epinet.org.au/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Andrew Patrick, Ph.D. http://debra.dgbt.doc.ca/~andrew/ From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Mon Sep 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.kornet.nm.kr!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news.emi.com!euclid.wadsworth.org!usenet From: Georgia Listserv Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 25-30, 1997 Date: Mon, 01 Sep 1997 20:56:25 -0400 Organization: . Lines: 32 Message-ID: <340B6438.41C6@bioc09.uthscsa.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: alcor.wadsworth.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0SC-SGI (X11; I; IRIX 6.2 IP22) From: Zaal Kokaia Subject: Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 25-30, 1997 Hi everybody, Last year at the Neuroscience Meeting in Washington, D.C. I've met several Georgians attending this forum. It was pure luck that we met each other. It was the same for several last years. I am sure at least few Georgians will be at the Neuroscience Meeting in New Orleans this fall. Why don't we try to meet each other. I think it will be great to know Georgians working in the same field. Please, send me e-mail or fax and I'll try to organize the Meeting of Georgian Neuroscientists at Neuroscience Meeting :) Looking forward to meet you in New Orleans With best wishes Zaal Kokaia, PhD Section of Restorative Neurology Wallenberg Neuroscience Center University Hospital S-221 85 Lund SWEDEN Phone: +46-46-222 05 52 Fax: +46-46-222 05 60 E-mail: zaza.kokaia@neurol.lu.se From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Tue Sep 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed1-hme1!newsfeed.internetmci.com!204.238.120.130!jump.net!jumpnet.com!news From: Br. Michael Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: St. Anthony of Padua Date: 3 Sep 1997 04:47:11 GMT Organization: St. Anthony Center Lines: 7 Message-ID: <5uiq4f$4er@news.jumpnet.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: jump-dialup-0026.jumpnet.com September 1, 1997 We need your help NOW! The Order of St. Anthony/St. Anthony Center is an ecumenical tax exempt Religious Order dedicated to helping the oppressed. One group of oppressed is the alcoholics and addicts. A few months ago we entered into an escrow contract with owner financing, to purchase 152 acres just southeast of Austin. This property would provide a larger home for the monastery and those who want to work with us, as well as property on which to develop the first St. Anthony Detox and Recovery Center. This contract requires a $250,000 down payment. We planned an 84 hour music festival for this weekend called The Cow Pasture Special.We were featuring Blood Sweat & Tears, the Ricky Van Shelton Band, Willie Nelson and many local groups. This would have covered the down payment and more. At the last minute our financial backers for the festival reneged on their commitments. We could not find alternative backing fast enough and had to cancel the festival. Now we are asking for donations or loans of approximately $300,000 to cover the down payment and liabilities we acquired in having to cancel the festival.Closing on the property is this Thursday, 9/4/97. If you or people you know have a special interest in the desperate need for detox and recovery facilities, please contact us immediately at (512) 467-0613; FAX (512) 467-9027; 7511 Carriage Drive; Austin, Texas 78752 or e-mail at stanthony@jumpnet.com. For The St. Anthony Center: With Love and Peace; I am, Br. Michael, OSA From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Tue Sep 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!News1.Ottawa.iSTAR.net!News1.Toronto.iSTAR.net!news.istar.net!news1.istar.ca!not-for-mail From: Farooq Ahmad Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Suggestions Wanted... Date: Tue, 02 Sep 1997 21:46:58 -0700 Organization: Farooq Architectural Design Lines: 11 Message-ID: <340CEBC2.2F1B@istar.ca> Reply-To: farooq@istar.ca NNTP-Posting-Host: ts2-06.edm.istar.ca Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win16; I) Hello, I'm a grade 12 student enrolled in the International Baccalaureate program, interested in writing the extended essay requirement (4000 words) in the field of neuroscience. Specifically, I would like to research the biochemistry of memory and/or learning. Any suggestions concerning a specific topic area, or any other ideas, would be greatly appreciated. -Thank you, Farooq Ahmad farooq@istar.ca From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Tue Sep 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!howland.erols.net!europa.clark.net!193.162.146.10!news-feed.inet.tele.dk!news.algonet.se!news3.funet.fi!news.funet.fi!news.helsinki.fi!not-for-mail From: Dag Stenberg Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Re: Lack of sleep -> increased need for drugs Date: 3 Sep 1997 09:20:09 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki Lines: 37 Message-ID: <5uja49$p9q$1@oravannahka.Helsinki.FI> References: <5u27r2$t7j$1@hp.fciencias.unam.mx> NNTP-Posting-Host: vesuri.helsinki.fi X-Trace: oravannahka.Helsinki.FI 873278409 25914 (None) 128.214.205.10 X-Complaints-To: usenet@oravannahka.Helsinki.FI X-Newsreader: TIN [UNIX 1.3 unoff BETA 970613; alpha OSF1 V4.0] Ernesto Garcia wrote: > Hello; I wonder if there is any relation between sleeping less hours > than necessary, and the need in the brain for induced > neurotransmiting agents. I'd like to know whether there's ever > been a formal study in the relation of lack of sleep, and increased > need for alcohol, drugs, excitement, food, amusement, sex, or any > other kind of stimulus. First of all, I would like to suggest a medline search combining "sleep deprivation" with various other keywords. By juggling with the keywords, several useful things will come up. This suggestion is because any specific answer would be rather extensive. Briefly: lack of sleep and need for/consumption of - alcohol yes - drugs I'm not sure - excitement in the sense that performance is restored by increased motivation. Probably not in the sense that sleep lack increases bungee jumping - food yes - sex yes In this, I make no difference between human and animal observations. Dag Stenberg ------------------------------------------------------------------ Dag Stenberg MD PhD stenberg@cc.helsinki.fi Institute of Biomedicine tel: int.+358-9-1918532 Department of Physiology fax: int.+358-9-1918681 P.O.Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 20 J) FIN-00014 University of Helsinki,Finland X.400: /C=FI/A=FUMAIL/P=INET/O=HELSINKI/OU=CC/S=STENBERG/ ------------------------------------------------------------------ From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Tue Sep 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!europa.clark.net!4.1.16.34!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!worldnet.att.net!newsadm From: Gilbert Groehn Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: >>>SURPLUS RESEARCH & BIOMED EQUIPMENT<<< Date: 3 Sep 1997 00:23:31 GMT Organization: ULTRAMED, INC. 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(2) sets available $ 500.00 each VET MEDICINE MONITORS ********************* HEWLETT-PACKARD 78801B Neonate monitors. These are ideal for vet medicine. ECG, pressure and respiration channels. $ 650.00 Each TEKTRONIX 413A Neonate monitors. ECG, Pressure and Respiration.$ 450.00 Each MENNEN Model 744 Patient Monitors. ECG only. Storage scope. $ 285.00 Each MENNEN Patient Monitor with recorder. Does ECG & Respiration. $ 375.00 MENNEN Model 740 with recorder. ECG only. $ 475.00 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHS - ECG's *************************** HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 4700 "Pagewriter" ECG. Three channel 12 lead system. Very user friendly. w/cart. INQUIRE Comes with DATAMED 331A data modem for transmitting ECG's to F.A.A. CAMBRIDGE VS-550 EKG single channel. $ 600.00 CAMBRIDGE (Picker) Model CM-3000 ten lead (3) channel ECG $ 850.00 BURDICK E-310 ten lead (3) channel ECG. $1,250.00 TELEMED three channel, ten lead electrocardiograph. $ 650.00 MARQUETTE MAC-I three channel 12 lead EKG. $ 450.00 CAMBRIDGE VS-500 Single Channel ECG. Some cosmetic damage on case but works fine. Good Vet unit. $ 250.00 FUKUDA-DENSHI compact portable ECG. Battery operated with ac charger. (4" X 6" X 9") Ideal for field work. (1) channel $ 425.00 SEISMED "SEISMOCARDIOGRAPH" Model SCG-2000. This is a highly specialized instrument that combines ECG with SEISMOCARDIOGRAPHY for increased diagnostic accuracy. A preliminary multi center trial validated this technology in 1992. This unit sold for over $20,000.00 in 1992 and is in pristine condition. Ideal for research in this exciting area of cardiology. INQUIRE MONITORS & RECORDERS ********************* HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 78171A Strip Chart Recorder. $ 250.00 HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 78330 monitor with 78171A Recorder $ 350.00 HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 78534C Monitor/Terminal with 78553A Pressure module. Does (2) Channels of EKG and Two Pressures and Two Temperature inputs. $ 850.00 STRIP CHART RECORDERS: a variety of H.P. recorders are available. INQUIRE PULSE OXIMETERS (Compact) ************************* MINOLTA PULSOX-7 Pulse Oximeter. Compact hand held unit with finger sensor. $ 650.00 NON-INVASIVE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORS ************************************ CRITIKON Model 1846-SX N.I.B.P. monitor. $ 850.00 PHYSIO-CONTROL 'Lifestat 200' NIBP with printer. $ 750.00 AIR-SHEILDS (Healthdyne) Model BP-203NA. NIBP with printer. $ 485.00 DATASCOPE ACCUTOR-2A NIBP monitor (no printer) $ 650.00 CRITIKON Model 847XT Neonate N.I.B.P. monitors. Ideal for veterinary medicine. $ 550.00 Ea. PHYSIO-CONTROL 'LIFESTAT 100' NIBP. With charger. This unit is 'beat up' cosmetically but works fine. $ 200.00 KENDALL System 9200 N.I.B.P. monitors with cuff. $ 250.00 each DEFIBRILLATORS ************** HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 43110A with monitor and strip chart recorder. INQUIRE HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 78660A Defibrillator with monitor strip chart recorder and charger. INQUIRE HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 78619A Defibrillator. NO monitor. INQUIRE Note: Operating (open heart) paddles are available for the 43110A and 78619A defibs. DEFIBRILLATORS sold only to qualified EMS, BIOMED or other medical professionals. MISCELLANEOUS ************* TECA Model EP-40 Evoked Response System. Does BAER (Brainstem auditory evoked response), SEP (Somatosensory Evoked response) and VEP (visual evoked response> testing. With ST-10 multi function stimulator, XY recoder and roll around stand. Very nice system. Many research and/or clinical applications. $3,250.00 GOULD Signal Conditioning Preamplifiers. Have a wide assortment including the following: 20-4615-50 Transducer signal conditioner 20-4615/526612 Pressure processor signal conditioner (2) available 20-4615-58 Universal Signal Conditioner (EMG, EEG, ENG,ECG,etc.) (4)pcs. 20-4615-65 ECG/Biotach Signal Conditioner 13-G4615-474029 Temperature Signal Conditioner (2) available 13-G4615-71 Differentiator Signal Conditioner 13-G4615-70 Integrator Signal Conditioner. The above modules are designed to operate with a wide variety of GOULD recorders and can also be used with AD convertor cards in a PC with appropriate accessories. We also have (2) eight slot INQUIRE equipment racks, the power supply, and two input/output panels for these modules. All of this equipment appears in exc. condition. With a data acquisition board and your PC this could be the basis for a very fine physiological data acquisition system. INQUIRE PURITAN-BENNETT (DATEX) CO2 Monitors. Model 223 and others. $ 500.00 Ea. BAUM Blood Pressure manometers (mercury wall mount units) (18) $ 40.00 Ea. WELCH-ALYN Model 74710 Wall mount power unit with otoscope and opthalmoscope. $ 275.00 SIEMENS Model 'Ultratherm 608' Diathermy unit. 27 Mhz $ 600.00 BECKMAN Model R-611 (8) Channel Physiological recorder. $ 500.00 This unit could be ideal for sleep studies or biofeedback. JOBST Compression unit. $ 200.00 HARVARD APPARATUS CO. Model 613 Large animal positive pressure ventilator. INQUIRE HARVARD APPARATUS CO. Model 901 Infusion/withdrawal pump. INQUIRE VITAL-STAT 'CALORIMETER' VVR (Vital Signs Distributes) $ 500.00 GRASS Model P-15 General purpose AC preamplifier. $ 200.00 (2) GRASS Model RPS-112 Power supply for P-15 or P-16 preamps. Sold only with P-15 or P-16. $ 100.00 GRASS Model P-16 DC Microelectrode preamp. (NO electrode inc.) $ 275.00 TITMUS Model OV7M Vision Screener (professional Model) $ 450.00 YASHIMA Microscope. Monocular type w//40X/100X OI obj. $ 275.00 COLPOSCOPE Model 1000 by Berkeley Bio-Engineering Inc. $1,450.00 SONY Model VO-5600 High Resolution VTR for imaging applications Broadcast quality recorders. Umatic Format. $ 650.00 Ea. ZIMMER Model 666 Dermatome with three heads and motor. $ 375.00 MUSCLE STIMULATORS for physical therapy applications. Have both regulated voltage and reg. current types. (3) available. Call for $$ BIRD MARK-7 and MARK-8 Respirators. UNTESTED $ Inquire PICKER two light Xray viewing box. New condition. $ 175.00 OLYMPUS Model OSF flexible sigmoidoscope. 60 CM working length with Olympus Model CLV Light source with air source. $1,000.00 OLYMPUS Model PF-27M fiberoptic scope. Eyepiece needs repair. With Olympus case. $1,250.00 OLYMPUS Model OTV-F2 Color camera for Olympus endoscopes. Camera and control box. With Olympus case. $2,500.00 FIBER-OPTIC LIGHT SOURCES: ACMI 95, DYONICS Model 450, CUDA 150/300, STRYKER "OrthoBeam", EDER 600 and MORGAN. Inquire OLYMPUS Model CLE-F10 Halogen light source with Xeon flash for photography. For endoscopy applications. $1,500.00 OLYMPUS Model CLK-4 Light source with air pump. $ 425.00 OLYMPUS ILK-3 light source. $ 300.00 WOLF Model 4046.00 Light source. (2) available $ 350.00 Each WOLF Model 2054.6 "System For Electronic Insufflation" INQUIRE MADSEN Model ZS76 Impedance audiometer with acoustic audiometer $ 500.00 AMERICAN ELECTROMEDICS Tympanometer with audiometer capability. $ 450.00 MAICO Model MA-19 Screening audiometer. $ 450.00 BAXTER COM-2 Cardiac output monitors. Disposable sensor req'd. $ 350.00 RJL SYSTEMS Model BIA-103 Impedance Analyzer. $ 1,000.00 AMERICAN OPTICAL Model 11666 SLIT LAMP. Excellent binocular variable power scope. Pt. chin rest and support columns not included. Unit needs some work. $ 450.00 AMERICAN OPTICAL "Project-O-Chart" Needs new media strip. $ 125.00 PROCEDURE and OPERATING LAMPS. A variety of portable units is available. INQUIRE OPERATING & SPECIAL PURPOSE MICROSCOPES *************************************** ZEISS Model OPMI-99 Microscope. Set up as a colposcope with 12V 100 watt Fiber-optic light source (w/green filter), and ZEISS Model 30-32-87-9901 Swivel arm assemply. Low roll around stand. Other applications are possible with options from Zeiss. Would also make a high grade inspection scope for any type of precision work. Comes with 19X Oculars, 160mm tube and 250mm Objective lens. Provides 7X, 12X and 20X magnifications. Top Quality scope. Scope is in excellent condition. $2,450.00 MICROSCOPES ************* LEITZ 'LABORLUX-11' Microscope with PLOEMOPAK 2.5 Fluorescence package. Furnished with N2.1 and I2 filters. Many high end objectives including NPL fluotars, APO's, etc. $3,500.00 AMERICAN OPTICAL Model One-Twenty "Microstar" microscope. With 10X WF Oculars, and 2.5X, 4.0X, 10X, 20X, 40X and 100X O.I. $2,850.00 All above objectives are the superb A.O. PLAN achromats. AMERICAN OPTICAL (Spencer) Binocular microscope. 10X Oculars and 10X, 40X and 90X O.I. Objectives. $ 650.00 ABCO (Japanese Import) Bionocular microscope. 10X Oculars and 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X OI Objectives. Nice mid grade scope $ 850.00 ZEISS PHOTOMICROSCOPE I and II. Two units are available. These older units, vintage 1970-1980 are in fine shape and include many objective lens. They are both setup with dual light sources (mercury and halogen or mercury and incadescent). One scope is equipped with Epi fluorescense filters and condenser. Some accessory items are also available. These scopes are, perhaps, the finest ever built. Virtually impossible to duplicate today. INQUIRE A variety of objectives are available for the PHOTOMICROSCOPE's. ZEISS "PLANAPO OBJECTIVE" 63X / 1.4 N.A. 160mm /-. This is one of the finest and most sought after objectives ever manufactured. The one we have is the newer, wide body, laser etched "ZEISS", objective (Pt.# 4618-40-9901). Last ZEISS price was $5,800.00. INQUIRE ZEISS "PLANAPO" Objective. 100X / 1.3 N.A. 160mm/-. Another primo Zeiss objective lens. INQUIRE KRAMER SCIENTIFIC CORP. Model XM-160 Projecting microscope. This system uses a Leitz Laborlux microscope and a custom XEON light source to project bright microscope images at distances up to 20 feet (dark room). With 4.0X EF objective and 25X APO obj. $1,550.00 EDMUND SCIENTIFIC Trinocular microscope with 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X objectives. Comes with EDMUND adapter for use with TV camera. Furnished with Hitachi TV camera and monitor. INQUIRE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT ******************** HEAT SYTEMS, INC. (formerly BRANSON) "SONICATOR" ultrasonic cell disruptor MODEL XL2020. With sound dampening housing. INQUIRE 450 watts output. In excellent condition. W/ extra tips. CLINTEK-200 (Miles Diagnostics) URINE ANALYZER. Uses inexpensive 'Multistix 10 SG' strips for complete urine analysis. INQUIRE HARVARD Model 901 INFUSION and WITHDRAWAL PUMP. Variable speed and capacity. $ 350.00 AMERICAN OPTICAL (A.O.) Model 820 MICROTOME. The industry standard for histology sectioning. $1,600.00 LKB "PYRAMITOME" Model 11800 Microtome. Used for sectioning in the range 1 micron / 10 microns using glass knives, and for precision shaping of resin (or other media) encapsulated samples prior to ultra-microtome sectioning. In excellent condition. With WILD (Heerbrugg) M-4 Binocular-stereo microscope. $1,450.00 SORVAL (Porter Blum) Model MT-1 ULTRA-MICROTOME complete with AO (Amer.Optical) Binocular stereo microscope 10X-to-40X & stand with light. $1,200.00 SORVAL (Porter Blum) MT-1 ULTRA-MICROTOME. Does not include microscope. $ 350.00 SORVAL GLC-3 Centrifuge with HL-4 Rotor and (4) six place holders PN 00565. $ 550.00 CLAY-ADAMS "DYNAC" centrifuge. With 6 place holder & SS tubes. $ 650.00 CLAY-ADAMS SERO-FUGE Centrifuge $ 450.00 CLAY-ADAMS SERO-FUGE II Centrifuge (dual speed) $ 375.00 GILFORD STASAR III Spectrophotometer covers 312/727 nm $ 550.00 SYVA (GILFORD) STASAR III Spectrophotometer covers 312/727 nm $ 600.00 SORVAL (Dupont) GLC-4 CENTRIFUGE with HL1000 rotor and (4) twenty tube buckets. $ 750.00 HAMILTON-BELL Model 1750 Centrifuge. 4 place rotor 3300 rpm. $ 275.00 YSI Tele-Thermometer with probe. New Condition. INQUIRE ORTHO DIAGNOSTICS "COAGULAB Model 40A" coagulation diagnostics system. This unit came out of a clients lab and was in good working order when replaced. MAKE OFFER BECTON-DICKENSON 'SCEPTOR' Microbiology susceptability system, automated. Models 216 and 217. MAKE OFFER ORION Model 811 PH meter. $ 650.00 CORNING Model 6 portable PH meter. $ 325.00 CORNING Model 5 PH Meter $ 300.00 NOTE: PH meters do not include electrodes as these are normally application specific. ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT ********************* HEWLETT-PACKARD Spectrum analyzer. Models 141T, 8552B, 8553B (0/110Mhz RF), 8556A (O/300Khz). $1,750.00 OBO HEWLETT-PACKARD Model 7046A X-Y Recorder. $1,000.00 HEWLETT-PACKARD PLOTTERS HP Model 7470 $ 300.00 HP Model 7475 $ 600.00 HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS "OMNIGRAPHIC 2000" X-Y Plotter. $ 650.00 ABBOTT "VISION" Clinical chemistry analyzer. Does most common clinical tests including cholesterol, tryglycerides, glucose, bun, and many others. $1,500.00 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT: Loads of PS-2 units including models 70-386, 80-386, 56SX, 55SX, 30-286,and 30-286 upgraded to 386SX Inquire Fluke Model 332-B DC Voltage Standard. Specified accuracy .002%. Microvolt to 1100 v DC at 50Ma. $ 1,250.00 ************************* All equipment is offered AS-IS, F.O.B. Grosse Pointe Farms, MI and subject to prior sale. NO WARRANTIES are expressed or implied. There are many items available that have not been itemized at the time this list was posted. Inquire with any of your special equipment needs. All equipment is set up and operating and can be inspected at our Grosse Pte., MI facility BY APPOINTMENT. Call or email for further information. Special pricing consideration will be given to BULK orders. Call for a quotation. Thank you Gil Groehn, General Manager ULTRAMED, INC. September 3, 1997 ============================================================================ email: ad408@detroit.freenet.org -or- ultramedco@worldnet.att.net Phone: ac 313 884-1139 ============================================================================ **************************************************************************** =========================================================================== ULTRAMED, INC.- RESEARCH DIVISION GROSSE POINTE FARMS, MI 48236, USA ============================================================================ From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Wed Sep 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!europa.clark.net!205.252.116.205!howland.erols.net!newsfeed1-hme1!newsfeed.internetmci.com!204.238.120.130!jump.net!grunt.dejanews.com!not-for-mail Date: Wed, 03 Sep 1997 20:34:33 -0600 From: max_ramsell@geocities.com Subject: Latinoamerican Chapter of NFCL to be created in the II Congres Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Message-ID: <873336153.13881@dejanews.com> Organization: Deja News Posting Service X-Article-Creation-Date: Thu Sep 04 01:22:34 1997 GMT X-Originating-IP-Addr: 169.158.129.98 () X-Http-User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 [en] (Win95; I) X-Authenticated-Sender: max_ramsell@geocities.com Lines: 16 Dear comrades: I would like to announce that the Latinoamerican Chapter of NFCL is going to be created in the II Congress of Clinical Neurophisiology to take place on September. I would also like to know where I could put announcements to activities like these related to the neuroscience field, I mean, besides submitting to the search engines. Thank you, expecting your wise advices Max Ramsell -------------------==== Posted via Deja News ====----------------------- http://www.dejanews.com/ Search, Read, Post to Usenet From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Wed Sep 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.kornet.nm.kr!news.maxwell.syr.edu!News1.Ottawa.iSTAR.net!News1.Toronto.iSTAR.net!news.istar.net!news.globalserve.net!not-for-mail From: "GM" Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: HELP ME PLEASE! Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 22:52:45 -0700 Organization: Globalserve Communications Inc. Lines: 24 Message-ID: <5ulidj$s37$1@titan.globalserve.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: ip215.vancouver3.dialup.canada.psi.net X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1008.3 X-MimeOle: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE Engine V4.71.1008.3 My name is George Medvedev. I graduated from Moscow Medical Academy in 1994, the department for Clinical Research (diploma in Neurophysiology). Through 1995-1996 I was working as a researcher in Neurophysiological lab in Neurology Clinic in Moscow, carrying out research in the field of evoked potentials, 'cognitive potentials' and computer based brain studies. I have experience of work in neurochemistry and microelectrode brain studies. Recently I have moved to Canada, Vancouver B.C. . I wonder if anybody can help me to find people, who are working in neurosciences in Vancouver region. I will be very gratefull for any advise or recommendation. Thank you very much. George Medvedev georgemedvedev@bigfoot.com bear1@globalserve.net (604)6842635 - phone number in Vancouver From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Wed Sep 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!firehose.mindspring.com!news.mindspring.com!usenet From: lockshin@mindspring.com (Richard A. Lockshin) Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Cell Death Soc Sept 10 meeting Date: Thu, 04 Sep 1997 19:54:47 GMT Organization: MindSpring Enterprises, Inc. Lines: 34 Message-ID: <5un3km$ate@camel1.mindspring.com> Reply-To: lockshin@mindspring.com NNTP-Posting-Host: ip60.an3-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net X-Server-Date: 4 Sep 1997 19:53:58 GMT X-Newsreader: Forte Free Agent 1.0.82 Next meeting Meeting Wednesday, September 10, 1997 6:00-6:30 PM Pizza, 6:30-8:00 PM Talks and Discussion Rockefeller University, 130 York Ave. Weiss Research Bldg., Room 301 Speakers: 1. Roy Walker, Apoptosis Research Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada Regulation of early nuclear changes in apoptosis 2. Marianna Sikorska,Apoptosis Research Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada Anti-apoptotic properties of Coenzyme Q10 a component of mitochondrial electron transport Important notes: Free parking after 5 PM at 66th St. and York Ave. Please car pool as parking space is limited. To help plan for pizza and number of attendees, please call Dr. Zakeri's lab (718-997-3429) to indicate that you are coming. If you want to receive information about the Cell Death Society, please contact Dr. Zakeri's lab to verify your phone, fax, and email listings. If you have a new email address and did not receive this message by email, please send it to lockshin@stjohns.edu or register on this page. Richard A. Lockshin (lockshin@mindspring.com;lockshin@sjumusic.stjohns.edu) check out Cell Death Soc web page: http://rdz.stjohns.edu/~lockshin/index.html From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Wed Sep 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!europa.clark.net!169.207.30.81!newsfeeds.sol.net!mr.net!newshub.tc.umn.edu!newsstand.tc.umn.edu!usenet From: Adam Carpenter Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: Conference Announcement Date: Thu, 04 Sep 1997 09:54:39 -0500 Organization: University of Minnesota Lines: 72 Message-ID: <340ECBAE.8E2BB468@neuro.med.umn.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: brain62.brain.umn.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; U) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) MINNESOTA CONFERENCE ON VISION FOR REACH AND GRASP October 2-4, 1997 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota This conference will bring together scientists in vision and motor control with behavioral, computational and physiological interests. We will address questions at the interface between vision and action, with a focus on vision for reach and grasp movements. There will be talks by invited speakers (listed below) as well as poster presentations. The conference will take place at the Holiday Inn on the West Bank of the University of Minnesota on Oct. 2-4, 1997 (all day Thursday and Friday, and Saturday morning). Visit our web site for information on registration ($75 registration fee, $50 for students) and accommodations, and to see the full program and conference abstracts. http://cogsci.psych.umn.edu/Vision_Conference/default.html Space is limited to 200 attendees, so register now! We plan to award five $600 travel fellowships to minority OR disabled scientists to attend the conference (see web site for details). Questions about conference registration or arrangements: Lynn Carlson carlson@turtle.psych.umn.edu Tel (612)625-4593, Fax (612)626-7253 Questions about the conference program: Gordon Legge legge@eye.psych.umn.edu (612) 625-0846 SPEAKERS Bagrat Amirikian (UofMN Brain Sciences), Richard Andersen (Cal Tech), Charles H. Anderson (Washington University School of Medicine), Martin S. Banks (UC Berkeley), Heinrich Blthoff (Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, GERMANY), Chris Buneo (Cal Tech), Roberto Caminiti (Universita "La Sapienza" ITALY), Chris Christou (Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, GERMANY), Charles J. Duffy (Uof Rochester Medical Center), Timothy J. Ebner (UofMN Neurosurgery), Martha Flanders (UofMN Physiology), Apostolos Georgopoulos (UofMN Brain Sciences), Melvyn A. Goodale (Uof Western Ontario, CANADA), Mary Hayhoe (Uof Rochester), Ellen C. Hildreth (Wellesley College), Claes von Hofsten (Umea University, SWEDEN), Marc Jeannerod (Uof Lyon, FRANCE), Mitsuo Kawato (ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories, JAPAN), Daniel Kersten (UofMN Psychology), James R. Lackner (Brandeis U), Francesco Lacquaniti (Universita di Cagliari, ITALY), Gordon E. Legge (UofMN Psychology), Nikos K. Logothetis (Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, GERMANY), Pascal Mamassian (New York University), Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos (UofMN Computer Science), Hideo Sakata (Nihon University, JAPAN), Christopher E. Smith (University of Colorado at Denver), John Soechting (UofMN Physiology), Kamil Ugurbil (UofMN Magnetic Resonance Research), Daniel Wolpert (Institute of Neurology, UNITED KINGDOM), Albert Yonas (UofMN Child Development), A.L. Yuille (Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute). From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Wed Sep 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov!cpk-news-feed4.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-feed1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!EU.net!news0.Belgium.EU.net!Belgium.EU.net!chaos.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be!usenet From: Guy Droogmans Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics,bionet.neuroscience,bionet.software Subject: WinASCD: analysis of single channel and whole cell currents Date: Thu, 04 Sep 1997 09:46:50 +0200 Organization: kuleuven.ac.be Lines: 46 Message-ID: <340E676A.3433D85D@med.kuleuven.a.c.be> NNTP-Posting-Host: fysiologie-12.med.kuleuven.ac.be Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I) X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Xref: biosci bionet.biophysics:3494 bionet.neuroscience:20217 bionet.software:19430 WinASCD is a program to analyze single channel and whole-cell pClamp data (Clampex, Fetchex, AxoTape). It is a 32-bit (WIn95/NT) updated version of an original DOS program that I started writing more than 10 years ago. It includes the following main features: 1. a data correction module for baseline restoration (drift correction) background subtraction (correction for leak and capacitative current) 2. a module for calculating average and peak currents ensemble averaged current avg current for continuous data avg and peak current for triggered data 3. a module to construct linear combinations of records belonging to the same or different files 4. a module to fit sum of exponentials or a kinetic model to indivudual current traces, ensemble averaged currents and composed records 5. a module for the Analysis of Single Channel Data, including Amplitude histogram construction and fit with Gauss peaks Kinetic Analysis: idealization, dwell time histograms, first latencies, burst analysis, analysis of the number of events 6. a module for the analysis of current fluctuations, including current variance analysis and FFT. Each window (graphical or text) can be printed (not a screen dump) or saved as a TAB delimited ASCII file for import in e.g. a presentation software package. A demo version of the program in which output is disabled is available from ftp://cc5.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/droogmans/winascd.zip -- Guy Droogmans Laboratorium voor Fysiologie Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven B-3000 Leuven (Belgium) Tel 32 16 345 726 Fax 32 16 345 991 From owner-neuroscience@net.bio.net Wed Sep 03 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!internet!biosci!not-for-mail From: biohelp (BIOSCI Administrator) Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience Subject: BIOSCI/bionet miniFAQ & Fundraiser Date: 4 Sep 1997 02:00:07 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 233 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199709040900.CAA08569@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net (LAST REVIS