From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Thu Jun 01 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!TEMPEST.ADSNET.NET!e5079021 From: e5079021@TEMPEST.ADSNET.NET (Mike Pearson) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: blizzard of DNA Date: 1 Jun 1995 22:35:26 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 19 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9506020538.AA13704@tempest.adsnet.net.adsnet.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net A recent article in Scientific American (Beardsley, June 1994, p. 26) reports: "Evidence is rapidly accumulating that a blizzard of genetic material blows freely through the microbial world, not only between bacteria of the same species but also between members of distantly related species and between bacteria and viruses... `In terms of the flux of DNA, the general impression is that it goes anywhere and everywhere' says [microbiologist] Julian Davies..." This could have a growing significance in the near-term for human-associated disease as more microbes are altered by contact with artificial chemicals. True or false? Mike Pearson e5079021@tempest.adsnet.net From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Thu Jun 01 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!gatech!willis.cis.uab.edu!news.lsu.edu!unix1.sncc.lsu.edu!unix1.sncc.lsu.edu!not-for-mail From: xxia1@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu (Xuhua Xia) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: largest city in the world? Date: 2 Jun 1995 10:53:36 -0500 Organization: Louisiana State University Lines: 16 Message-ID: <3qnc60$1iea@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: unix1.sncc.lsu.edu X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] John Glover (rhoman@mopac.amd.com) wrote: : I was wondering whatis the largest city in the world and how : big is it? In terms of population size, then it's the city of Mexico. Xuhua -- ======================================================================= Xuhua Xia | Museum of Natural Science | Phone: (504) 388-2841 119 Foster Hall | Fax : (504) 388-3075 Louisiana State University | Email: xuhua@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu Baton Rouge, LA 70803 | USA | ======================================================================= From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Fri Jun 02 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!noc.netcom.net!ix.netcom.com!netnews From: t.page@ix.netcom.com (Christopher Haley) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Seeking info on plague theory Date: 3 Jun 1995 07:40:34 GMT Organization: Netcom Lines: 12 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3qp3li$mlt@ixnews4.ix.netcom.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: ix-frm-ma1-22.ix.netcom.com Hello all, I am currently writing a paper for school on some of the killer viruses. I have heard about something called "GAYA OR GIA OR MABE GAEA" theorism. I'm obviously not sure of the spelling, however the gist of it is that when the world becomes over populated or over taxed it will essentilly fight back. Through viruses or what ever other means necessary. If any of this rings a bell with anyone, please post the correct spelling of it and maybe a source of info. Thank you, T.Page@ix.netcom.com From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sat Jun 03 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!TEMPEST.ADSNET.NET!e5079021 From: e5079021@TEMPEST.ADSNET.NET (Mike Pearson) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: largest city in the world? Date: 4 Jun 1995 02:33:30 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 42 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9506040936.AA05356@tempest.adsnet.net.adsnet.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net >In article <3qnc60$1iea@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu>, xxia1@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu >(Xuhua Xia) wrote: > >> John Glover (rhoman@mopac.amd.com) wrote: >> : I was wondering whatis the largest city in the world and how >> : big is it? >> >> In terms of population size, then it's the city of Mexico. >> >> Xuhua >> -- >> ======================================================================= >> Xuhua Xia | >> Museum of Natural Science | Phone: (504) 388-2841 >> 119 Foster Hall | Fax : (504) 388-3075 >> Louisiana State University | Email: xuhua@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu >> Baton Rouge, LA 70803 | >> USA | >> ====================================================================== > > > > >In terms of population size, Tokyo is the biggest city in the world: 26,5 >million inhabitants. New York is the second biggest 16,3 million >inhabitants. > > > >Sophia Kossida phone: +351-1-6081288 >Department of Genetics FAX: +353-1-679-8558 >University of Dublin, Trinity College e-mail: skossida@tcd.ie >Dublin2, Ireland > > > In terms of size, I'm sure you're both right -- it's all in how you define the inclusive area for counting the people. Mike Pearson From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sat Jun 03 23:00:00 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!lll-winken.llnl.gov!xanth.cs.odu.edu!maui.cc.odu.edu!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!murdoch!darwin.clas.Virginia.EDU!mgk From: mgk@darwin.clas.Virginia.EDU (Mahlon G. Kelly) Subject: Re: Seeking info on plague theory X-Nntp-Posting-Host: darwin.clas.virginia.edu Message-ID: Sender: usenet@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU Organization: uva References: <3qp3li$mlt@ixnews4.ix.netcom.com> Date: Sun, 4 Jun 1995 06:49:51 GMT Lines: 45 t.page@ix.netcom.com writes: > Hello all, > I am currently writing a paper for school on some of the killer > viruses. I have heard about something called "GAYA OR GIA OR MABE GAEA" > theorism. I'm obviously not sure of the spelling, however the gist of > it is that when the world becomes over populated or over taxed it will > essentilly fight back. Through viruses or what ever other means > necessary. If any of this rings a bell with anyone, please post the > correct spelling of it and maybe a source of info. > > Thank you, T.Page@ix.netcom.com > > I think that what you are referring to is the Gaia hypothesis, as propounded by Lovelock. It has a considerable following among both new age mystics as well as serious scientists. IMHO it's bullshit, but that is IMHO. Lovelock published a book called Gaia, and it should be available in most any library, and the paperback versions are in most bookstores. Your best bet is to take a look at it. Basically, Lovelock's ideas are sound. He points out that there are feedbacks in the earths systems, such as the atmosphere and biosphere, which are self-regulating. However, he gets into an idea of the biosphere as a superorganism, and that's where the "new age" mystics take off. Lovelock never said that the earth would "take revenge" on humans for their activity, or that overpopulation would lead to plagues, etc., but others did. Gaia (or gaea, depending on how it is transliterated from the ancient Greek) was, more or less, the goddess of the earth. Or in our terms, similar to "mother earth" or "mother nature". She married Uranus, and there are a variety of other relationships that I forget, but which you can find in any good encyclopedia. Good luck. But, IMHO, do your research and writing with considerable cynicism and skepticism. Question very closely the ideas before you accept them, and distinguish carefully between hypotheses, theories, and facts. -- Associate Professor (Emeritus) University of Virginia mgk@darwin.clas.virginia.edu From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sat Jun 03 23:00:00 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!Germany.EU.net!ieunet!maths.tcd.ie!news.tcd.ie!gen032.gen.tcd.ie!user From: ajlohan@vax1.tcd.ie (Amanda Lohan) Subject: Re: largest city in the world? Message-ID: Followup-To: bionet.population-bio Sender: usenet@news.tcd.ie (TCD News System ) Organization: University of Dublin, Trinity College References: <3qnc60$1iea@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu> Date: Sun, 4 Jun 1995 08:08:54 GMT Lines: 33 In article <3qnc60$1iea@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu>, xxia1@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu (Xuhua Xia) wrote: > John Glover (rhoman@mopac.amd.com) wrote: > : I was wondering whatis the largest city in the world and how > : big is it? > > In terms of population size, then it's the city of Mexico. > > Xuhua > -- > ======================================================================= > Xuhua Xia | > Museum of Natural Science | Phone: (504) 388-2841 > 119 Foster Hall | Fax : (504) 388-3075 > Louisiana State University | Email: xuhua@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu > Baton Rouge, LA 70803 | > USA | > ====================================================================== In terms of population size, Tokyo is the biggest city in the world: 26,5 million inhabitants. New York is the second biggest 16,3 million inhabitants. Sophia Kossida phone: +351-1-6081288 Department of Genetics FAX: +353-1-679-8558 University of Dublin, Trinity College e-mail: skossida@tcd.ie Dublin2, Ireland From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 04 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!gatech!swrinde!sgiblab!enews.sgi.com!news.igc.apc.org!cdp!pdas From: Pondurenga Das Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Nobel Peace Laureates Sign Human Un Message-ID: Date: Sun, 04 Jun 1995 15:20:52 -0700 (PDT) X-Gateway: notes@igc.apc.org Lines: 23 Subject: Nobel Peace Laureates Sign Human Unity Declaration ***A DECLARATION OF HUMAN UNITY HAS BEEN SIGNED*** by three Nobel Peace laureates: the Dalai Lama, Oscar Arias and Archbishop Tutu. Other notable signers include journalist Norman Cousins, anthropologist Ashley Montagu, futurist Willis Harman, human rights leaders Fang Lizhi and Yuri Orlov, industrialist J.R.D. Tata, and musicians Ali Akbar Khan and Stevie Wonder. Read the Declaration. Find out how the virtual community can intervene to optimize the prospects of life on Earth for ourselves and our children. To receive a copy of the Declaration with a worldwide selected list of public-spirited signers, simply send a blank or short e-mail message to . If you know other people who would be interested in this information, feel free to post a copy of this announcement at other locations. * * * * * posted by pdas.igc From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 05 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!torn!news.bc.net!unixg.ubc.ca!megill From: megill@bcu.ubc.ca (William Megill) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Course in whale/dolphin research techniques Date: 6 Jun 1995 18:10:33 GMT Organization: The University of British Columbia Lines: 36 Message-ID: <3r25mp$d5i@nntp.ucs.ubc.ca> NNTP-Posting-Host: light.bcu.ubc.ca X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] The Coastal Ecosystems Research Foundation is offering 7-day courses in marine mammal research techniques. Courses are open to the general public - no previous experience necessary. Research is focussed this year on the feeding behaviour, movements, and abundance of grey whales, Pacific white-sided dolphins, killer whales and humpback whales, off Cape Caution, BC, Canada. Courses are taught from a 51' sailboat, 16' powerboats, and from shore. Participants are incorporated directly into the research team for the duration of the course, and have the opportunity to learn techniques first- hand from working biologists. In addition to the field research techniques, the course also includes instruction and hands-on experience in sailing. Course cost includes tuition, all meals, return transportation from Port Hardy to the base camp in the rainforest at Allison Harbour (one leg of the trip by floatplane), and tent accomodation. Cost: $1275 (CAD) $960 (USD) Dates: July 8-14, 16-22, 22-28, 30-August 5 August 5-11, 13-19, 19-25, 27-September 2 For more information, contact: Coastal Ecosystems Research Foundation c/o Adventure Spirit Travel Company 1843 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6J 2E7 1-800-667-7799 (N America) (604) 732-0476 (elsewhere) email: megill@bcu.ubc.ca world-wide web: http://www.bcu.ubc.ca/~megill/cerf/cerf_hp.html -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- William Megill off : (604) 822 4654 Zoology - University of British Columbia lab : (604) 822 2373 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z9 email: megill@bcu.ubc.ca From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Tue Jun 06 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!usc!news.cerf.net!newsserver.sdsc.edu!news.tc.cornell.edu!travelers.mail.cornell.edu!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!NewsWatcher!user From: pts3@cornell.edu (phil) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Help!! Paper Wasps Needed Followup-To: bionet.population-bio Date: 7 Jun 1995 02:58:16 GMT Organization: cornell Lines: 24 Sender: pts3@cornell.edu (Verified) Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: cu-dialup-0615.cit.cornell.edu Hello. My name is Phil Starks. I am a graduate student at Cornell University in the field of NeuroBiology and Behavior. I am currently examining paper wasps, specifically Polistes dominulus. I am evaluating their nesting behavior and population genetics. I want to compare animals from different regions -- mostly from the Northeast in areas between Boston, MA and Ithaca, NY. My problem is finding these critters. They tend to congregate in the eves of man-made structures. I have searched state parks and some universities but have only found 4 usable sites. A usable site is one that has been relatively undisturbed (not sprayed with insecticides) for a few years and contains 18 or more colonies. These wasps make un-enveloped nests -- you can plainly see the cells of the comb (it looks much like a gray honeycomb). P. dominulus is the more yellow and smaller of the 2 Polistes species in this region (P. fuscatus is dark brown and the larger of the two animals). At this time of year you may see colonies with anywhere from 1 to 10 individuals, and nests that may contain 8 to 100 cells. If you know of any potential sites please email me. I am offering a $20.00 finder fee for useful sites. Thanks for reading this message Phil Starks (pts3@cornell.edu) From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Tue Jun 06 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!spool.mu.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!usenet.cis.ufl.edu!usenet.ufl.edu!maple.circa.ufl.edu!CARTIER From: cartier@maple.circa.ufl.edu Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: Help!! Paper Wasps Needed Date: 7 Jun 1995 13:51:48 GMT Organization: Center for Instructional and Research Computing Activities Lines: 16 Message-ID: <3r4atk$d0a@no-names.nerdc.ufl.edu> References: Reply-To: CARTIER@ufcc.ufl.edu NNTP-Posting-Host: maple.circa.ufl.edu In article , pts3@cornell.edu (phil) writes: >These wasps make un-enveloped nests -- you can plainly see the cells of the >comb (it looks much like a gray honeycomb). P. dominulus is the more >yellow and smaller of the 2 Polistes species in this region (P. fuscatus >is dark brown and the larger of the two animals). At this time of year you >may see colonies with anywhere from 1 to 10 individuals, and nests that may >contain 8 to 100 cells. If you know of any potential sites please email >me. I am offering a $20.00 finder fee for useful sites. I think I found one . Let's see, yellow , yep. I better count the cells, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Nope, not work $20. Maybe some lotion for the bites? Sorry, it had to be done. Brian From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 11 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!pipex!warwick!bham!usenet From: D.R.Ingram@bham.ac.uk Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: Brazilian Population Request Date: 12 Jun 1995 15:23:34 GMT Organization: The University of Birmingham, UK Lines: 13 Message-ID: <3rhm5m$c1t@sun4.bham.ac.uk> References: <911662fe.801314991@cent.gla.ac.uk> <1995May30.093632.43894@cobra.uni.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: art10.bham.ac.uk X-Newsreader: WinVN version 0.80 I am currently helping a student with an essay on leprosy in Brazil. Need to know the population of the state of Amazonas, one of the constituent states of the Norte region. There may be other students with similar problems so if anyone knows of a readily accessible source on the Net for Brazilian population figures, please post here. Thanks for your help. David Ingram From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 11 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!xlink.net!rz.uni-karlsruhe.de!news.uni-stuttgart.de!news.rhrz.uni-bonn.de!usenet From: Christoph Druener Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: the African wild dog Date: 11 Jun 1995 12:33:59 GMT Organization: University of Bonn, Germany Lines: 3 Message-ID: <3renrn$sbs@news.rhrz.uni-bonn.de> References: <3qiviq$jj9@sifon.cc.mcgill.ca> NNTP-Posting-Host: alpho2.physik.uni-bonn.de Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (X11; I; OSF1 V3.0 alpha) X-URL: news:3qiviq$jj9@sifon.cc.mcgill.ca ich wuerde mich ueber eine literaturliste bezuegl. the African wild dog freuen. vielen dank From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 11 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!sdd.hp.com!news.cs.indiana.edu!lynx.unm.edu!hydra.unm.edu!not-for-mail From: jsnyder@unm.edu (Johnny Snyder MATH) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: plant quality Date: 12 Jun 1995 14:07:32 -0600 Organization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Lines: 14 Message-ID: <3ri6q4$5tr@hydra.unm.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: hydra.unm.edu Hi bio-netters. I am a PhD student in Applied mathematics studying mathematical biology, particularly population models. We (my advisor and myself) have a quality-structured set of ordinary differential equations (rather than age or mass structured) which we would like to compare to field data. Therefore, I am seeking experimentalists with whom to converse. If you know of anyone who might be interested, please e-mail me at the following address: jsnyder@math.unm.edu We are mainly focusing on chemical production by plants which are used to repel herbivores after they begin to feed (phenols, etc...). Thanks in advance for any help you might be able to provide. Johnny- From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 11 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!daresbury!sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk!plug.news.pipex.net!soap.pipex.net!pipex!uknet!bhamcs!bham!usenet From: D.R.Ingram@bham.ac.uk Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Brazilian Population Request Date: 12 Jun 1995 16:13:32 GMT Organization: The University of Birmingham, UK Lines: 14 Message-ID: <3rhp3c$dtc@sun4.bham.ac.uk> References: <911662fe.801314991@cent.gla.ac.uk> <1995May30.093632.43894@cobra.uni.edu> <3rhm5m$c1t@sun4.bham.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: art10.bham.ac.uk X-Newsreader: WinVN version 0.80 I am currently helping a student with an essay on leprosy in Brazil. Need to know the population of the state of Amazonas, one of the constituent states of the Norte region. There may be other students with similar problems so if anyone knows of a readily accessible source on the Net for current Brazilian population figures, please post here. Thanks for your help. David Ingram > From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!lll-winken.llnl.gov!enews.sgi.com!news.igc.apc.org!cdp!zpg From: Zero Population Growth Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: ZPG Children's Environmental Index Message-ID: Date: Tue, 13 Jun 1995 04:40:48 -0700 (PDT) X-Gateway: notes@igc.apc.org Lines: 127 STRICT EMBARGO: CONTACTS: Sharon Pickett NOT FOR RELEASE UNTIL Nadia Steinzor MONDAY, JUNE 12, 1995 202-332-2200 CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL INDEX RANKS BEST AND WORST U.S. CITIES Nationwide Study Reveals Correlation Between Population Pressures and Problems Afflicting Children Washington, D.C. -- Growing up in Madison, Wisconsin, is a lot healthier than it is in San Bernardino, California, according to a new report released by Zero Population Growth (ZPG). The Children's Environmental Index rates 207 U.S. cities on a broad range of population-related social, economic, and environmental pressures that affect the well-being of children. Each city was scored on 14 indicators and then ranked in relation to all other cities. ZPG researchers gathered data on education, crime, pollution, percent of children living in poverty, and other environmental indicators. "Environment" is used in its broadest sense to include both the social and physical conditions that influence a child's development. Top ten cities include (1) Madison, WI (2) Burlington, VT (3) Stamford, CT (4) Fargo, ND (5) Lincoln, NE (6) Overland Park, KS (7) Sioux Falls, SD (8) Livonia, MI (9) Green Bay, WI and (10) Virginia Beach, VA. Cities scoring at the bottom of the Index include (198) St. Louis, MO (199) Riverside, CA (200) Atlanta, GA (201) Pomona, CA (202) Los Angeles, CA (203) Inglewood, CA (204) El Monte, CA (205) Long Beach, CA (206) Newark, NJ and (207) San Bernardino, CA. A complete list of all city scores with related articles and graphs is available in the full report. The Index findings show that, in general, our nation's largest cities provide the worst environment for children. The average population of the 20 lowest scoring cities was 438,000 people while the 20 highest scoring cities had average populations of only 146,000. Lower scores in larger cities generally reflect higher rates of poverty, unemployment, crime, teen pregnancy, school drop-outs, and pollution -- conditions that obviously create a negative environment for children. "But simply reducing the population of our cities is not the answer," says ZPG Board President Dianne Dillon-Ridgley. "Moving people into the suburbs and putting more commuters on the highways will only make environmental problems worse. We need to find comprehensive, long- term solutions to slow population growth while working to address problems that face people today." Index data reveals the interrelated nature of many urban problems. For example, the ZPG study revealed a strong correlation between poverty and other social problems. Cities with a high percentage of children living in poverty were much more likely to have high unemployment rates, crime rates, and drop-out rates. An extremely high correlation was found between child poverty and births to teens. On average, 22 percent of children in the cities ZPG studied currently live below the poverty line. The Index found that 33 cities have more than one-third of their children living in poverty and 10 cities have more than 40 percent. Eight of the 10 cities with more than 40 percent of children in poverty also have more than 20 percent of all births born to teenage girls. "High teen pregnancy rates are related to lack of educational attainment and opportunities," says Dillon-Ridgley. "This, in turn, leads to poor job skills and unemployment and more child poverty. The Index challenges citizens to examine factors that affect this vicious cycle of poverty and population growth and re-evaluate community priorities. In the long run, communities that can stabilize population and ensure sustainable development will enjoy a higher quality of life than communities that do not." The U.S. population is currently about 260 million and growing by more than 3 million people a year, a rate faster than any other industrialized nation. The U.S. is the third most populated nation in the world, after China and India, and set to double to 500 million by 2050. This exploding population exacerbates many of the problems that already plague our cities and is intensified by the fact that Americans produce more waste and consume more natural resources than any other nation. While population pressures affect everyone, they take their greatest toll on children. Children are more susceptible to pollution because they spend more time outdoors, breathe more air per pound of body weight, and have fewer detoxifying enzymes than adults. They are more vulnerable to malnutrition and disease and less able to defend themselves against violence and neglect. The Children's Environmental Index pinpoints areas of failure and success and gives people solid data they can use to facilitate changes in their cities. The Index is not intended to suggest that people should relocate from one city to another. Rather, the Index should be viewed as a vehicle to examine current conditions and plan improvements accordingly. The Children's Environmental Index was produced by Zero Population Growth, the nation's largest grassroots organization concerned with the impacts of population growth. ZPG supports a comprehensive approach to reducing population pressures including access to safe and affordable contraceptives, reproductive choice, school-based sexuality education and health services, international support for basic education and voluntary family planning programs, green technologies and recycling programs, and the adoption of a national population policy. In combination with responsible personal choices such as reducing consumption and having smaller families, these actions can help to ensure a quality environment for present and future generations. Copies of the Children's Environmental Index are $7.50 each plus $1.50 postage and handling ($9.00 total). Checks should be made payable to ZPG and sent to ZPG Publications, 1400 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 or VISA/Mastercard orders can be placed by calling 202-332-2200. ZPG speakers are available upon request to discuss the Index and population issues. Copyright (c) 1994 Zero Population Growth. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim electronic copies of this document for nonprofit educational purposes provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is also granted to copy and distribute translations of this document into another language, under the above conditions, except that this permission notice must be stated in a translation approved by Zero Population Growth. 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ZERO POPULATION GROWTH GIVE EARTH A BRAKE, STOP OVERPOPULATION VOICE 202-332-2200 e-mail zpg@igc.apc.org FAX 202-332-2302 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!pipex!sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk!geriatrix.bangor.ac.uk!iss016@clss1.bangor.ac.uk From: Wolfgang Wuster Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: Brazilian Population Request Date: Tue, 13 Jun 1995 09:36:09 +0100 (BST) Organization: University of Wales, Bangor. Lines: 28 Message-ID: References: <911662fe.801314991@cent.gla.ac.uk> <1995May30.093632.43894@cobra.uni.edu> <3rhm5m$c1t@sun4.bham.ac.uk> <3rhp3c$dtc@sun4.bham.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: thunder.bangor.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII X-Sender: bss166@thunder In-Reply-To: <3rhp3c$dtc@sun4.bham.ac.uk> On 12 Jun 1995 D.R.Ingram@bham.ac.uk wrote: > > I am currently helping a student with an essay on leprosy in Brazil. > > Need to know the population of the state of Amazonas, one of the > constituent states of the Norte region. According to the Road Atlas "Guia Rodoviario 4 Rodas", using 1991 census figures, the population of the state is 2088682, with an annual increase for the period 1980-1991 of 3.5% > > There may be other students with similar problems so if anyone > knows of a readily accessible source on the Net for current Brazilian > population figures, please post here. > The Guia Rodoviario mentioned above is published by Editora Abril, Sao Paulo, Brazil. I don't know of any net.sources. You might ask over in soc.culture.brazil. -- Wolfgang Wuster School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK e-mail: bss166@bangor.ac.uk Thought for the day: If you see a light at the end of the tunnel, it is probably a train coming your way. From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!pipex!oleane!jussieu.fr!unilim.fr!cict.fr!news From: fourcass@cict.fr (fourcass) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Gryllus bimaculatus in Europe Date: 13 Jun 1995 17:56:46 GMT Organization: Laboratoire d'Ethologie et Psychologie Animale Lines: 11 Sender: fourcass@cix.cict.fr Message-ID: <3rkjgu$8b5@news.cict.fr> NNTP-Posting-Host: 130.120.104.11 X-Posted-From: InterNews 1.0.4@130.120.104.11 Our supply of Gryllus bimaculatus has gone. Could anyone on the net give us an address in Europe where we can order a new supply of this insect. 0---------------------------------------------------------------------0 I Laboratoire d'Ethologie et Psychologie Animale I I Universite Paul Sabatier I I Toulouse FRANCE I 0---------------------------------------------------------------------0 From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 14 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.nic.surfnet.nl!highway.LeidenUniv.nl!usenet From: Jasper Schwencke Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: (no subject) Date: 15 Jun 1995 19:23:16 GMT Organization: Leiden University, The Netherlands Lines: 2 Message-ID: <3rq1b4$qll@highway.LeidenUniv.nl> NNTP-Posting-Host: rulc14.leidenuniv.nl Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Windows; I; 16bit) bb From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 14 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.nic.surfnet.nl!highway.LeidenUniv.nl!usenet From: Jasper Schwencke Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: b Date: 15 Jun 1995 19:23:37 GMT Organization: Leiden University, The Netherlands Lines: 2 Message-ID: <3rq1bp$qll@highway.LeidenUniv.nl> NNTP-Posting-Host: rulc14.leidenuniv.nl Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Windows; I; 16bit) bb From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 14 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.nic.surfnet.nl!highway.LeidenUniv.nl!usenet From: Jasper Schwencke Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Eristalis arbustorum Date: 15 Jun 1995 19:33:51 GMT Organization: Leiden University, The Netherlands Lines: 17 Message-ID: <3rq1uv$qvb@highway.LeidenUniv.nl> NNTP-Posting-Host: rulc14.leidenuniv.nl Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Windows; I; 16bit) Hello ! I'm trying to find information about phenotypic plasticity, in the hoverfly Eristalis arbustorum. I also would like to know how I can send a text-file (which is on my diskette) to this newsgroup. By the way, my name is not Jasper and this e-mail number is not mine. Thanks, Anja From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Thu Jun 15 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!adsnet.net!e5079021 From: e5079021@adsnet.net (Mike Pearson) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Review of "Most Influential Book" Date: 15 Jun 1995 20:49:57 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 15 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9506160351.AA11177@tempest.adsnet.net.adsnet.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Former administrator of the EPA William K. Reilly says _A Moment on the Earth_ "will be the most influential book since _Silent Spring_." On page 478, the author states that since _The Population Bomb_ ( 1968) by Paul Ehrlich, "No starvation caused by general ecological failure happened anywhere." Why wouldn't it be called a "general ecological failure" when populations exceed carrying capacity and tragically, there have annually been millions of malnutrition related deaths? Mike Pearson From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Thu Jun 15 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!news.uh.edu!news.mty.itesm.mx!news From: Nancy Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: zoology Date: 16 Jun 1995 22:29:02 GMT Organization: ITESM Campus Monterrey Lines: 1 Message-ID: <3rt0je$7np@academ00.mty.itesm.mx> NNTP-Posting-Host: 132.254.55.16 I would like specific information of mammal´s of mexico. From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 18 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!cam.news.pipex.net!pipex!edi.news.pipex.net!pipex!sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk!sun.rhbnc.ac.uk!news From: m.profit@rhbnc.ac.uk Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: test Date: 19 Jun 1995 12:49:09 GMT Organization: University of London Lines: 1 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3s3ro5$t58@sun.rhbnc.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: pc32.bl.rhbnc.ac.uk X-Newsreader: Test From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Sun Jun 18 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!IS.DAL.CA!pli From: pli@IS.DAL.CA (Ping Li) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Help: measuring anther-stigma distance Date: 19 Jun 1995 11:33:56 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 21 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: Reply-To: Ping Li NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Hi, I am a graduate student and am working on flower development and evolution in Amsinckia. I am trying to measure anther-stigma distance in pin flowers (a flower with a long style but short stamens). Because the style in the open flower is curved, the stigma is usually located quite far (horizontally) from the stamens. I'm having trouble deciding what the relevant measure should be: should I measure the distance between the top level of stamens and vertical level of the stigma tip, or should I measure the actual distance from stigma tip to the nearest stamen tip? Any suggestions or comments will be highly appreciated. Sincerely, Ping Li Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax, NS B3H 4J1 pli@is.dal.ca From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 19 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!news.msfc.nasa.gov!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!night.primate.wisc.edu!nntp.msstate.edu!nntp.memphis.edu!fungkk From: fungkk@cc.memphis.edu (K. K. Fung at UMemphis) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Looking for demography software Message-ID: <1995Jun20.164225.52240@msuvx2.memphis.edu> Date: 20 Jun 95 16:42:25 -0500 Summary: I need a spreadsheet for demography Reply-To: in%"fungkk@cc.memphis.edu" Distribution: world Organization: The University of Memphis Lines: 5 I am looking for a software that could plot the future age structure of a human population given the birth and death rates and the initial age distribution. Something like a spreadsheet for demography. If you know of any such software, please contact me. If you have designed one for your own use, I would like to collaborate with you on a paper about negative population growth. From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!daresbury!trane.uninett.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!swrinde!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!lll-winken.llnl.gov!noc.near.net!news3.near.net!bigboote.WPI.EDU!wpi.WPI.EDU!chicken From: chicken@wpi.edu (Colin Douglass Brown) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: demographic software questions Date: 22 Jun 1995 18:59:12 GMT Organization: Worcester Polytechnic Institute Lines: 11 Message-ID: <3scei0$nua@bigboote.WPI.EDU> NNTP-Posting-Host: wpi.wpi.edu X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] Hi. Someone posted on this group earlier today about wanting to know about software for modelling a population split up into different age brackets. I tried mailing to you but screwed up your address and had deleted you post by the time I found this out, so e-mail me your address if you still want help and I will tell you what I know, as I have done two different projects involving this problem this year, using two different computer methods each time. Thanks. Colin Brown chicken@wpi.wpi.edu From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Thu Jun 22 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!ns1.faseb.org!darwin.sura.net!ukma!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!news.uoregon.edu!newsadmin From: Daniel Udovic Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: Looking for demography software Date: 23 Jun 1995 06:02:37 GMT Organization: University of Oregon Lines: 24 Message-ID: <3sdldt$2e6@pith.uoregon.edu> References: <1995Jun20.164225.52240@msuvx2.memphis.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: macarthur.uoregon.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; PPC) To: in%"fungkk@cc.memphis.edu" X-URL: news:1995Jun20.164225.52240@msuvx2.memphis.edu fungkk@cc.memphis.edu (K. K. Fung at UMemphis) wrote: >I am looking for a software that could plot the future age structure of a human >population given the birth and death rates and the initial age distribution. >Something like a spreadsheet for demography. If you know of any such software, >please contact me. If you have designed one for your own use, I would like to >collaborate with you on a paper about negative population growth. The Biology Software Lab at the University of Oregon has produced a program called "Demography" that runs on Macs, that is designed to examine growth of age-structured populations. Its graphical interface makes it easy to use (for example in biology classes for non-majors, or in high school biology classes), but it can easily handle the kinds of questions you are interested in. It is published on CD-ROM as part of the BioQUEST Library (by University of Maryland Press) Contact Stacey Kiser at the University of Oregon (slkiser@oregon.uoregon.edu) for more information about "Demography" or other Biology Software Lab products. Also, check out the Biology Software Lab pages on www (http://macarthur.uoregon.edu/). For info on BioQUEST, contact the ePress Project at the University of Maryland (asdg@umdd.umd.edu). From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 26 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: harnad@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Stevan Harnad) Newsgroups: bionet.announce,bionet.neuroscience,bionet.population-bio Subject: Brain Sex Differences: PSYC Call for Commentators Date: 26 Jun 1995 18:21:29 -0700 Organization: Department of Psychology, Southampton University Lines: 208 Sender: biohelp@net.bio.net Approved: bionews-moderator@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <3snmep$nhr@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Xref: biosci bionet.announce:2227 bionet.neuroscience:8561 bionet.population-bio:1453 PSYCOLOQUY Commentary is invited on: Fitch & Denenberg on SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE BRAIN Qualified professional biobehavioral, neural or cognitive scientists are hereby invited to submit Open Peer Commentary on the target article whose abstract appears below. It has been published in PSYCOLOQUY, a refereed electronic journal sponsored by the American Psychological Association. Instructions for retrieval and for preparing commentaries follow the abstract. The address for submitting commentaries and articles and for requesting information is psyc@pucc.princteton.edu The URLs for retrieving articles are: http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/psyc.html gopher://gopher.princeton.edu:70/11/.libraries/.pujournals ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6 news:sci.psychology.journals.psycoloquy ----------------------------------------------------------------------- psycoloquy.95.6.05.sex-brain.1.fitch ISSN 1055-0143 (56 paragraphs, 93 references, 1159 lines) PSYCOLOQUY is sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA) Copyright 1995 Fitch and Denenberg A ROLE FOR OVARIAN HORMONES IN SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BRAIN Roslyn Holly Fitch Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University 197 University Ave. Newark, NJ 07102 Email: holly@axon.rutgers.edu Victor H. Denenberg Biobehavioral Sciences Graduate Degree Program University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-4154 Email: dberg@uconnvm.uconn.edu ABSTRACT: The role of endogenous hormones in differentiating the sexes is an area of continuing research. The bulk of findings in this field support the notion that mammalian sexual differentiation is primarily mediated by androgens of testicular origin and that the presence of these androgens in early life produces a "male" brain. In contrast, the female brain is thought to develop via a hormonal default mechanism, in the absence of androgen. Findings are reviewed which show that ovarian hormones also play a significant role in sexual differentiation, and that the process of ovarian feminization has a considerably later sensitive period than androgen-mediated masculinization. KEYWORDS: corpus callosum, development, estrogen, feminization, ovaries, sensitive period. ------------------------------------------------------------- These files are also on the World Wide Web and the easiest way to retrieve them is with Netscape, Mosaic, gopher, archie, veronica, etc. Here are some of the URLs you can use to get to the BBS Archive: http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/psyc.html http://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/psyc.html gopher://gopher.princeton.edu:70/11/.libraries/.pujournals ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6/ ftp://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6/ news:sci.psychology.journals.psycoloquy To retrieve a file by ftp from an Internet site, type either: ftp ftp.princeton.edu or ftp 128.112.128.1 When you are asked for your login, type: anonymous Enter password as queried (your password is your actual userid: yourlogin@yourhost.whatever.whatever - be sure to include the "@") cd /pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6 To show the available files, type: ls Next, retrieve the file you want with (for example): mget *.1.fitch When you have the file(s) you want, type: quit ---------- Where the above procedure is not available there are two fileservers: ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com and bitftp@pucc.bitnet that will do the transfer for you. To one or the other of them, send the following one line message: help for instructions (which will be similar to the above, but will be in the form of a series of lines in an email message that ftpmail or bitftp will then execute for you). ------------------------------------------------------------- INSTRUCTIONS FOR PSYCOLOQUY COMMENTATORS Accepted PSYCOLOQUY target articles have been judged by 5-8 referees to be appropriate for Open Peer Commentary, the special service provided by PSYCOLOQUY to investigators in psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, cognitive sciences and philosophy who wish to solicit multiple responses from an international group of fellow specialists within and across these disciplines to a particularly significant and controversial piece of work. If you feel that you can contribute substantive criticism, interpretation, elaboration or pertinent complementary or supplementary material on a PSYCOLOQUY target article, you are invited to submit a formal electronic commentary. Please note that although commentaries are solicited and most will appear, acceptance cannot, of course, be guaranteed. 1. Before preparing your commentary, please read carefully the Instructions for Authors and Commentators and examine recent numbers of PSYCOLOQUY. 2. Commentaries should be limited to 200 lines (1800 words, references included). PSYCOLOQUY reserves the right to edit commentaries for relevance and style. In the interest of speed, commentators will only be sent the edited draft for review when there have been major editorial changes. Where judged necessary by the Editor, commentaries will be formally refereed. 3. Please provide a title for your commentary. As many commentators will address the same general topic, your title should be a distinctive one that reflects the gist of your specific contribution and is suitable for the kind of keyword indexing used in modern bibliographic retrieval systems. Each commentary should have a brief (~50-60 word) abstract 4. All paragraphs should be numbered consecutively. Line length should not exceed 72 characters. The commentary should begin with the title, your name and full institutional address (including zip code) and email address. References must be prepared in accordance with the examples given in the Instructions. Please read the sections of the Instruction for Authors concerning style, preparation and editing. PSYCOLOQUY is a refereed electronic journal (ISSN 1055-0143) sponsored on an experimental basis by the American Psychological Association and currently estimated to reach a readership of 40,000. PSYCOLOQUY publishes brief reports of new ideas and findings on which the author wishes to solicit rapid peer feedback, international and interdisciplinary ("Scholarly Skywriting"), in all areas of psychology and its related fields (biobehavioral science, cognitive science, neuroscience, social science, etc.). All contributions are refereed. Target article length should normally not exceed 500 lines [c. 4500 words]. Commentaries and responses should not exceed 200 lines [c. 1800 words]. All target articles, commentaries and responses must have (1) a short abstract (up to 100 words for target articles, shorter for commentaries and responses), (2) an indexable title, (3) the authors' full name(s) and institutional address(es). In addition, for target articles only: (4) 6-8 indexable keywords, (5) a separate statement of the authors' rationale for soliciting commentary (e.g., why would commentary be useful and of interest to the field? what kind of commentary do you expect to elicit?) and (6) a list of potential commentators (with their email addresses). All paragraphs should be numbered in articles, commentaries and responses (see format of already published articles in the PSYCOLOQUY archive; line length should be < 80 characters, no hyphenation). It is strongly recommended that all figures be designed so as to be screen-readable ascii. If this is not possible, the provisional solution is the less desirable hybrid one of submitting them as postscript files (or in some other universally available format) to be printed out locally by readers to supplement the screen-readable text of the article. PSYCOLOQUY also publishes multiple reviews of books in any of the above fields; these should normally be the same length as commentaries, but longer reviews will be considered as well. Book authors should submit a 500-line self-contained Precis of their book, in the format of a target article; if accepted, this will be published in PSYCOLOQUY together with a formal Call for Reviews (of the book, not the Precis). The author's publisher must agree in advance to furnish review copies to the reviewers selected. Authors of accepted manuscripts assign to PSYCOLOQUY the right to publish and distribute their text electronically and to archive and make it permanently retrievable electronically, but they retain the copyright, and after it has appeared in PSYCOLOQUY authors may republish their text in any way they wish -- electronic or print -- as long as they clearly acknowledge PSYCOLOQUY as its original locus of publication. However, except in very special cases, agreed upon in advance, contributions that have already been published or are being considered for publication elsewhere are not eligible to be considered for publication in PSYCOLOQUY, Please submit all material to psyc@pucc.bitnet or psyc@pucc.princeton.edu Anonymous ftp archive is DIRECTORY pub/harnad/Psycoloquy HOST princeton.edu -- Stevan Harnad Director, Cognitive Sciences Centre Professor, Psychology Department Southampton University Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 26 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: harnad@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Stevan Harnad) Newsgroups: bionet.announce,bionet.population-bio Subject: Evolution of Sociality: PSYC Call for Commentators Date: 26 Jun 1995 18:21:38 -0700 Organization: Department of Psychology, Southampton University Lines: 213 Sender: biohelp@net.bio.net Approved: bionews-moderator@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <3snmf2$nkb@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Xref: biosci bionet.announce:2228 bionet.population-bio:1454 PSYCOLOQUY Commentary is invited on: Caporael on the EVOLUTION OF SOCIALITY Qualified professional biobehavioral, neural or cognitive scientists are hereby invited to submit Open Peer Commentary on the target article whose abstract appears below. It has been published in PSYCOLOQUY, a refereed electronic journal sponsored by the American Psychological Association. Instructions for retrieval and for preparing commentaries follow the abstract. The address for submitting commentaries and articles and for requesting information is psyc@pucc.princteton.edu The URLs for retrieving articles are: http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/psyc.html gopher://gopher.princeton.edu:70/11/.libraries/.pujournals ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6 news:sci.psychology.journals.psycoloquy ----------------------------------------------------------------------- psycoloquy.95.6.01.group-selection.1.caporael ISSN 1055-0143 (51 pars, 1 table, 1 note, 44 refs, 999 lines) PSYCOLOQUY is sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA) Copyright 1995 Linnda R. Caporael SOCIALITY: COORDINATING BODIES, MINDS AND GROUPS Linnda R. Caporael Department of Science and Technology Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180 caporl@rpi.edu ABSTRACT: Human interaction, as opposed to aggregation, occurs in face-to-face groups. "Sociality theory" proposes that such groups have a nested, hierarchical structure, consisting of a few basic variations, or "core configurations." These function in the coordination of human behavior, and are repeatedly assembled, generation to generation, in human ontogeny, and in daily life. If face-to-face groups are "the mind's natural environment," then we should expect human mental systems to correlate with core configurations. Features of groups that recur across generations could provide a descriptive paradigm for testable and non-intuitive evolutionary hypotheses about social and cognitive processes. This target article sketches three major topics in sociality theory, roughly corresponding to the interests of biologists, psychologists, and social scientists. These are (1) a multiple levels-of-selection view of Darwinism, part group selectionism, part developmental systems theory; (2) structural and psychological features of repeatedly assembled, concretely situated face-to-face coordination; and (3) superordinate, "unsituated" coordination at the level of large-scale societies. Sociality theory predicts a tension, perhaps unresolvable, between the social construction of knowledge, which facilitates coordination within groups, and the negotiation of the habitat, which requires some correspondence with contingencies in specific situations. This tension is relevant to ongoing debates about scientific realism, constructivism, and relativism in the philosophy and sociology of knowledge. KEYWORDS: developmental systems theory, group coordination, group selection, hierarchy, human evolution, social cognition, social identity, teleofunctionalism ------------------------------------------------------------- These files are also on the World Wide Web and the easiest way to retrieve them is with Netscape, Mosaic, gopher, archie, veronica, etc. Here are some of the URLs you can use to get to the BBS Archive: http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/psyc.html http://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/psyc.html gopher://gopher.princeton.edu:70/11/.libraries/.pujournals ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6/ ftp://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6/ news:sci.psychology.journals.psycoloquy To retrieve a file by ftp from an Internet site, type either: ftp ftp.princeton.edu or ftp 128.112.128.1 When you are asked for your login, type: anonymous Enter password as queried (your password is your actual userid: yourlogin@yourhost.whatever.whatever - be sure to include the "@") cd /pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6 To show the available files, type: ls Next, retrieve the file you want with (for example): mget *.1.caporael When you have the file(s) you want, type: quit ---------- Where the above procedure is not available there are two fileservers: ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com and bitftp@pucc.bitnet that will do the transfer for you. To one or the other of them, send the following one line message: help for instructions (which will be similar to the above, but will be in the form of a series of lines in an email message that ftpmail or bitftp will then execute for you). ------------------------------------------------------------- INSTRUCTIONS FOR PSYCOLOQUY COMMENTATORS Accepted PSYCOLOQUY target articles have been judged by 5-8 referees to be appropriate for Open Peer Commentary, the special service provided by PSYCOLOQUY to investigators in psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, cognitive sciences and philosophy who wish to solicit multiple responses from an international group of fellow specialists within and across these disciplines to a particularly significant and controversial piece of work. If you feel that you can contribute substantive criticism, interpretation, elaboration or pertinent complementary or supplementary material on a PSYCOLOQUY target article, you are invited to submit a formal electronic commentary. Please note that although commentaries are solicited and most will appear, acceptance cannot, of course, be guaranteed. 1. Before preparing your commentary, please read carefully the Instructions for Authors and Commentators and examine recent numbers of PSYCOLOQUY. 2. Commentaries should be limited to 200 lines (1800 words, references included). PSYCOLOQUY reserves the right to edit commentaries for relevance and style. In the interest of speed, commentators will only be sent the edited draft for review when there have been major editorial changes. Where judged necessary by the Editor, commentaries will be formally refereed. 3. Please provide a title for your commentary. As many commentators will address the same general topic, your title should be a distinctive one that reflects the gist of your specific contribution and is suitable for the kind of keyword indexing used in modern bibliographic retrieval systems. Each commentary should have a brief (~50-60 word) abstract 4. All paragraphs should be numbered consecutively. Line length should not exceed 72 characters. The commentary should begin with the title, your name and full institutional address (including zip code) and email address. References must be prepared in accordance with the examples given in the Instructions. Please read the sections of the Instruction for Authors concerning style, preparation and editing. PSYCOLOQUY is a refereed electronic journal (ISSN 1055-0143) sponsored on an experimental basis by the American Psychological Association and currently estimated to reach a readership of 40,000. PSYCOLOQUY publishes brief reports of new ideas and findings on which the author wishes to solicit rapid peer feedback, international and interdisciplinary ("Scholarly Skywriting"), in all areas of psychology and its related fields (biobehavioral science, cognitive science, neuroscience, social science, etc.). All contributions are refereed. Target article length should normally not exceed 500 lines [c. 4500 words]. Commentaries and responses should not exceed 200 lines [c. 1800 words]. All target articles, commentaries and responses must have (1) a short abstract (up to 100 words for target articles, shorter for commentaries and responses), (2) an indexable title, (3) the authors' full name(s) and institutional address(es). In addition, for target articles only: (4) 6-8 indexable keywords, (5) a separate statement of the authors' rationale for soliciting commentary (e.g., why would commentary be useful and of interest to the field? what kind of commentary do you expect to elicit?) and (6) a list of potential commentators (with their email addresses). All paragraphs should be numbered in articles, commentaries and responses (see format of already published articles in the PSYCOLOQUY archive; line length should be < 80 characters, no hyphenation). It is strongly recommended that all figures be designed so as to be screen-readable ascii. If this is not possible, the provisional solution is the less desirable hybrid one of submitting them as postscript files (or in some other universally available format) to be printed out locally by readers to supplement the screen-readable text of the article. PSYCOLOQUY also publishes multiple reviews of books in any of the above fields; these should normally be the same length as commentaries, but longer reviews will be considered as well. Book authors should submit a 500-line self-contained Precis of their book, in the format of a target article; if accepted, this will be published in PSYCOLOQUY together with a formal Call for Reviews (of the book, not the Precis). The author's publisher must agree in advance to furnish review copies to the reviewers selected. Authors of accepted manuscripts assign to PSYCOLOQUY the right to publish and distribute their text electronically and to archive and make it permanently retrievable electronically, but they retain the copyright, and after it has appeared in PSYCOLOQUY authors may republish their text in any way they wish -- electronic or print -- as long as they clearly acknowledge PSYCOLOQUY as its original locus of publication. However, except in very special cases, agreed upon in advance, contributions that have already been published or are being considered for publication elsewhere are not eligible to be considered for publication in PSYCOLOQUY, Please submit all material to psyc@pucc.bitnet or psyc@pucc.princeton.edu Anonymous ftp archive is DIRECTORY pub/harnad/Psycoloquy HOST princeton.edu -- Stevan Harnad Director, Cognitive Sciences Centre Professor, Psychology Department Southampton University Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 26 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!EU.net!Austria.EU.net!newsfeed.ACO.net!swidir.switch.ch!scsing.switch.ch!happy.rediris.es!news.rediris.es!acebo.sdi.uam.es!chotis!dopazo From: dopazo@samba.cnb.uam.es (Joaquin Dopazo) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Announcement: software for the intrinsic rate of natural increase Date: Tue, 27 Jun 1995 10:45:02 Organization: CNB-UAM Lines: 89 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: chotis.cnb.uam.es X-Newsreader: Trumpet for Windows [Version 1.0 Rev A] +++++++++++++++++++++++++ + rm program + +++++++++++++++++++++++++ A program to calculate the intrinsic rate of natural increase and its error. Authors: Joaquin Dopazo & Ana Taberner The intrinsic rate of natural increase (named r) is an important parameter in quantitative evolutionary, ecological and genetic studies, as well as in applied research concerning tolerance, toxicity, etc. The r value is defined by a number of component variables with different relative weights. Much interest has been directed to the study of the effect of these components on r. Thus, life-table response experiments (LTREs) have been widely used to study the effect of diverse parameters as temperature, gamma radiations, toxic substances, etc. on the r value. It is evident the existence of uncertainty in life-tables estimated from real data, and consequently in the r values derived from them. Unfortunately, there is no a general formula giving the distribution of r in terms of the joint distribution of the life-table entries. Thus, standard theory for significance testing is not directly applicable. Two approaches have been used to circumvent this problem. The first one uses a Taylor series expansion around the r value defined by the expectations of the parameters of the life-table, and uses normal theory to translate the variance to confidence intervals. The second approach makes use of computer-intensive resampling methods as the Jackknife and the bootstrap to estimate averages, errors and confidence intervals for r. Also normal theory can be used to calculate confidence intervals in this case. Each of these approaches has its advantages and its limitations, although all of them give consistent results. Since r values in the literature are rarely accompanied by any indication of error, no matter how approximate, they would deserve to be more widely applied. The study by Meyer et al. (1986) suggests that Jackknife and Bootstrap estimations for r and its error are approximately equal, and they propose the use of the former because it requires a lower number of replicates than the Bootstrap. In general, the relative efficiency of the estimators depend on the shape of the distribution. The comparison made here among resampling and algebraic approaches to r provided very similar results, although a more exhaustive analysis would be necessary to decide which method is the most accurate. Rago and Dorazio (1984) showed that r distributions are asymptotically non-normal and skewed toward low values, and they point to the necessity of being very cautious when making comparisons based on normal confidence intervals. For the first time it is a computer program able to perform calculations of averages, errors and confidence intervals for r by both resampling and algebraic approaches (Taberner et al., 1993). The researcher can choose the appropriate (or preferred) statistical methodology, rather than choosing on the basis of mathematical tractability or software availability. The program runs on PC compatible computers. It has been designed in a very user friendly fashion and include a convenient on-line help. It does not require any special hardware. Acknowledgements We thank to Dr. Manuel Serra for valuable comments. References Meyer, J.S., Ingersoll, C.G., McDonald, L.L. and Boyce, M.S. (1986) Estimating uncertainty in population growth rates: Jackknife vs. bootstrap techniques. Ecology 67:1156-1166. Rago, P.J. and Dorazio, R.M. (1984) Statistical inference in life- table experiments: the finite rate of increase. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:1361-1374. Taberner,A., Castañera,P., Silvestre,E. and Dopazo,J. (1993) Estimation of the intrincic rate of natural increase and its error by both algebraic and resampling approaches. CABIOS. 9:535-540. AVAILABILITY The program is available in our Web page: http::/www.cnb.uam.es/www/programas/rm/rmwww.html (We recommend you to have a look at our Software Web page; maybe other programs are interesting for you) http::/www.cnb.uam.es/www/programas/pag-soft.html You can download it directly from our FTP server at the internet address: FTP.CNB.UAM.ES in the directory SOFTWARE/OTHERS From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Mon Jun 26 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!gatech!europa.chnt.gtegsc.com!library.ucla.edu!agate!cocoa.brown.edu!news From: Massimo Pigliucci Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: postdoc position available Date: 27 Jun 1995 12:01:14 GMT Organization: Brown University Lines: 127 Message-ID: <3sorua$nkt@cocoa.brown.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: 128.148.153.12 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="-------------------------------52911253324510" X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Windows; I; 16bit) This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ---------------------------------52911253324510 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii -- *********************************************************************** Massimo Pigliucci Dept. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912 phone 401-863-2897 email pigliucc@brownvm.brown.edu "God doesn't play dice". "No, he plays hide and seek" (Woody Allen, Husbands and Wives) *********************************************************************** ---------------------------------52911253324510 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain ANNOUNCEMENT: POST-DOC IN EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AVAILABLE A post-doc position in evolutionary ecology is anticipated (pending final award) for the beginning of 1996 in Dr. Massimo Pigliucci's lab at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The research will include field work on the crucifer plant Arabidopsis thaliana to measure natural selection, as well as quantitative genetics work. There will be opportunities to interact with the research environment at Brown University, which is focusing on a different part of the project involving the characterization of mutants affected in their response to environmental heterogeneity. Experience with field and/or greenhouse experiments is preferred. Knowledge of statistical analyses and software appropriate for this kind of study is also a plus. The position will start not later than February- March 1996, with possibility of starting earlier than that. The duration will be 1.5 years. The salary is competetitive, and benefits are included. If interested, please contact Massimo Pigliucci, currently at Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Box G-W, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. Phone 401-863- 2897, fax 401-863-2166, email pigliucc@brownvm.brown.edu This search will continue until the position will be filled. An extended summary of the NSF proposal follows. Summary of proposed research Phenotypic plasticity, the production of different phenotypes by the same genotype in response to environmental variation, is the subject of intense theoretical and empirical interest because of its importance for understanding evolution in changing, heterogeneous or stressful environments. Yet surprisingly little is known about how plasticity affects fitness in natural populations, or about the genetic mechanisms underlying plastic response. Light-cued responses of plants to crowding are a particularly appropriate system for testing the adaptive significance of plasticity because the ecological context is clear and the signals cuing the plastic response are well understood and easily manipulable. Many plant species respond to the reduced ratio of red:far red (R:FR) light filtered through leaves or reflected from neighboring vegetation with "shade avoidance" responses such as stem elongation and accelerated flowering. The photoreceptors responsible for perceiving these light signals are well known and currently the subject of intense investigation by plant developmental geneticists. Thus, the potential exists for exploring the mechanistic basis of genetic variation in plasticity in this system. The reseach proposed here will therefore investigate the fitness consequences and genetic basis of light-mediated plastic response of flowering time to density in a well-studied model system: the short- lived annual Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). The following questions will be addressed: (I) Does density-dependent selection act on plasticity of flowering time within natural populations, and is there genetic variation in reaction norms to density? By planting inbred families back into the source population at manipulated densities, we will be able to test for density dependent selection on flowering time and other traits. Quantitative genetic analysis of reaction norms to the density treatments will provide complementary information about the potential for plasticity of flowering time to evolve. (II) Is there genetic variation within populations for light- mediated plastic response of flowering time to density, or in response to specific cues of vegetation shade? We will grow the same inbred lines under controlled greenhouse conditions to examine the mechanistic basis of plastic response to crowding and vegetation shade and test for quantitative genetic variation in light-mediated plasticity (III) How do known photoreceptor or signal transduction genes affect plastic response to variation in density or other ecologically relevant environmental factors? We will compare the plastic responses to crowding and vegetation shade of known photomorphogenic and flowering time mutants with those of wild type controls. This will be one of the first studies to investigate selection on plasticity in natural populations, and the first such study in wild populations of Arabidopsis. This will also be one of the first studies of photomorphogenic mutants in an evolutionary framework. The results of this research will shed light both on the fitness consequences of plasticity in natural populations, and the mechanistic basis of plastic response to ecologically important environmental variation. Moreover, this work will provide an ecological and evolutionary context for ongoing research on the molecular biology and developmental genetics of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis, an important model organism. ---------------------------------52911253324510-- From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Tue Jun 27 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!stir.ac.uk!cb5 From: cb5@stir.ac.uk (Dr Carlos Barata) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Re: Asking for references about rare males in obligated parthenogenetic species. Date: 28 Jun 1995 09:47:42 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 22 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: References: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Hi, I'm currently working as a postsdoc student at Stirling Uni (Scotland) but also I am linket to one Spanish Research Group which is studying population and evolutionary ecology of Artemia species. Particularly, as part of our research task now we are studying the Artemia speciation, particularly, we are investigating the presence of rare males in the asexual parthenogenetic species of Artemia. We have notice that 98 % of the obligated Artemia parthenogenetic populations have sexually active rare males that can fecund certain bisexual Artemia populations. "This phenomenon is rare in the animal kingdom, but it can implicate a mechanism to provide genetic variability in obligated asexual species. Probably in the Artemia genus, in which partenogenetic species are very ancient (5 or more milions of years, based on mitocondrial DNA evolution), this phenomena is responsable of their contradictory persistence. I will apreciate very much if someone could provide me references about rare males in asexual species and their implication on the evolution and persistence of asexual species. I have tried to look forward references in local UK databases (ie ASFA and BIDS) but I have been unsuccessfull. Thanking you in advance Carlos Barata (sorry for my english mistakes). From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 28 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!zip.eecs.umich.edu!newshost.marcam.com!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.chnt.gtegsc.com!news.umbc.edu!cs.umd.edu!newsfeed.gsfc.nasa.gov!nttfmac11.gsfc.nasa.gov!user From: dsetser@nttfsrv.gsfc.nasa.gov (Dave Setser) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Chicken Testing Date: Thu, 29 Jun 1995 06:38:58 -0500 Organization: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center -- Greenbelt, Maryland USA Lines: 7 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: nttfmac11.gsfc.nasa.gov X-Newsreader: Value-Added NewsWatcher 2.0b19.1+ My daughter, Jennifer Setser, is working on a project for the Department of Agriculture and is in need of help. She is assigned the task of feeding gelatin to 1 and 7 day old chickens. The focus of the project is to find out if the chickens have a color preference in food. Any data that you might be able to give her would be greatly appreciated. Jennifer can be contacted, via email, at NLally@ggpl.ARSUSDA.gov. Please indicate that the mail is for JS. Thank you in advance. Dave From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 28 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!Germany.EU.net!nntp.gmd.de!dearn!barilvm!vms.huji.ac.il!wisipc.weizmann.ac.il!michael Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: Help (predator-prey) Message-ID: <1995Jun28.141659.8421@wisipc.weizmann.ac.il> From: michael@wiscon.weizmann.ac.il (Fishman Michael) Date: Wed, 28 Jun 1995 14:16:59 GMT Sender: news@wisipc.weizmann.ac.il (News User) Organization: Weizmann Institute of Science, Computation Center. Originator: michael@silver.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il Lines: 7 Can anybody recommend a good recent review on the theory of predator--prey interaction? Thanks Michael From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 28 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!news.moneng.mei.com!uwm.edu!reuter.cse.ogi.edu!engr.orst.edu!osshe.edu!eaglecap!hutchik From: hutchik@emily.eosc.osshe.edu (Karen Hutchinson-Talaski) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: aquatic inverts Date: 29 Jun 1995 15:25:44 GMT Organization: Eastern Oregon State College Lines: 9 Message-ID: <3suglo$b3b@eaglecap.eosc.osshe.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: emily X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] My college research group is working on a pond project. Our questions is "What are the differences in biodiversity of macro invertebrates in an unfenced pond, a fenced pond and a stream pond?". We are curious to know if anyone has any research on this area. We are in Eastern Oregon, but surely the inverts are similar. Thanks, Karen From owner-population-bio@net.bio.net Wed Jun 28 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!gatech!news.uoregon.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!cam.news.pipex.net!pipex!edi.news.pipex.net!pipex!oleane!jussieu.fr!univ-lyon1.fr!swidir.switch.ch!scsing.switch.ch!news.rediris.es!acebo.sdi.uam.es!chotis!dopazo From: dopazo@samba.cnb.uam.es (Joaquin Dopazo) Newsgroups: bionet.population-bio Subject: URL erroneous in my previous post Date: Thu, 29 Jun 1995 19:29:44 Organization: CNB-UAM Lines: 92 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: chotis.cnb.uam.es X-Newsreader: Trumpet for Windows [Version 1.0 Rev A] Sorry, in my previous post I wrote a wrong URL for our web page, This is the correct one (see at the end of the message). +++++++++++++++++++++++++ + rm program + +++++++++++++++++++++++++ A program to calculate the intrinsic rate of natural increase and its error. Authors: Joaquin Dopazo & Ana Taberner The intrinsic rate of natural increase (named r) is an important parameter in quantitative evolutionary, ecological and genetic studies, as well as in applied research concerning tolerance, toxicity, etc. The r value is defined by a number of component variables with different relative weights. Much interest has been directed to the study of the effect of these components on r. Thus, life-table response experiments (LTREs) have been widely used to study the effect of diverse parameters as temperature, gamma radiations, toxic substances, etc. on the r value. It is evident the existence of uncertainty in life-tables estimated from real data, and consequently in the r values derived from them. Unfortunately, there is no a general formula giving the distribution of r in terms of the joint distribution of the life-table entries. Thus, standard theory for significance testing is not directly applicable. Two approaches have been used to circumvent this problem. The first one uses a Taylor series expansion around the r value defined by the expectations of the parameters of the life-table, and uses normal theory to translate the variance to confidence intervals. The second approach makes use of computer-intensive resampling methods as the Jackknife and the bootstrap to estimate averages, errors and confidence intervals for r. Also normal theory can be used to calculate confidence intervals in this case. Each of these approaches has its advantages and its limitations, although all of them give consistent results. Since r values in the literature are rarely accompanied by any indication of error, no matter how approximate, they would deserve to be more widely applied. The study by Meyer et al. (1986) suggests that Jackknife and Bootstrap estimations for r and its error are approximately equal, and they propose the use of the former because it requires a lower number of replicates than the Bootstrap. In general, the relative efficiency of the estimators depend on the shape of the distribution. The comparison made here among resampling and algebraic approaches to r provided very similar results, although a more exhaustive analysis would be necessary to decide which method is the most accurate. Rago and Dorazio (1984) showed that r distributions are asymptotically non-normal and skewed toward low values, and they point to the necessity of being very cautious when making comparisons based on normal confidence intervals. For the first time it is a computer program able to perform calculations of averages, errors and confidence intervals for r by both resampling and algebraic approaches (Taberner et al., 1993). The researcher can choose the appropriate (or preferred) statistical methodology, rather than choosing on the basis of mathematical tractability or software availability. The program runs on PC compatible computers. It has been designed in a very user friendly fashion and include a convenient on-line help. It does not require any special hardware. Acknowledgements We thank to Dr. Manuel Serra for valuable comments. References Meyer, J.S., Ingersoll, C.G., McDonald, L.L. and Boyce, M.S. (1986) Estimating uncertainty in population growth rates: Jackknife vs. bootstrap techniques. Ecology 67:1156-1166. Rago, P.J. and Dorazio, R.M. (1984) Statistical inference in life- table experiments: the finite rate of increase. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:1361-1374. Taberner,A., Castañera,P., Silvestre,E. and Dopazo,J. (1993) Estimation of the intrincic rate of natural increase and its error by both algebraic and resampling approaches. CABIOS. 9:535-540. AVAILABILITY (**** now the URLs are correct!!! ) The program is available in our Web page: http://www.cnb.uam.es/www/programas/rm/rmwww.html (We recommend you to have a look at our Software Web page; maybe other programs are interesting for you) http://www.cnb.uam.es/www/programas/pag-soft.html You can download it directly from our FTP server at the internet address: FTP.CNB.UAM.ES in the directory SOFTWARE/OTHERS