From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 01 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!ZOOLOGY.WASHINGTON.EDU!jnusser
From: jnusser@ZOOLOGY.WASHINGTON.EDU (John Nusser)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: running AMOVA analyses
Date: 1 Dec 1995 16:57:34 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 20
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
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Hello y'all-
	
	I am trying to analyze RAPD data with AMOVA, yet am having a 
very difficult time getting AMOVA to accept my data set.  I suspect AMOVA 
may have a problem because some of my individual are clones.  I've 
generated a Euclidian distance matrix and a distance matrix of absolute 
differences but AMOVA can't seem to read either of these matrices.  
I can use AMOVA to run the sample data set included with the program, but 
when i try to use it to analyze my data set all i get is a translation 
error or winamo10 general protection error, which makes very little sense 
to me.  Can anyone who has used AMOVA successfully give me some 
suggestions?  AMOVA is a great way to analyze RAPD data phenotypically, 
but it's driving me crazy.

	Thanks for any suggestions.  Please send them to me directly and 
I will post a summary of responses.

John Nusser
jnusser@zoology.washington.edu


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Dec 06 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!daresbury!not-for-mail
From: Roland Koelliker <koelliker@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch>
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: High molecular RAPD bands
Date: 7 Dec 1995 15:47:05 -0000
Lines: 33
Sender: lpddist@mserv1.dl.ac.uk
Distribution: bionet
Message-ID: <4a729p$hhk@mserv1.dl.ac.uk>
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Original-To: rapd@dl.ac.uk

Hi netters
I'm working on the genetic variability of meadow fescue using RAPD markers.
After screening 140 primers I did find some suitable to my project but they
all give me only bands smaller than 1600 bp. I do have the feeling, that my
cycling conditions are not optimal. I'm using a Hybaid Omnigene Cycler (96
wells, microtubes). My protocoll is as follows:=20

Cycling conditions:	1x 94=B0/1'; 35x 35=B0/30', 72=B0/1', 94=B0/	5''; 1x=
 35=B0/30'',
72=B0/10'	=09
PCR mix:
Template	       10ng
PCR buffer      1x
MgCl2	       1.5mM
dNTPs	        0.1mM
Polymerase      0.029	U/ul
Primer	        0.35uM (Operon 10mer)
Total volume 21 ul

Does anybody know how I could improve my cycling conditions to earn more
bands above 1600 kb?

Thanks for your help!
Roland
Roland Koelliker	                 =20
Swiss Fed Inst Technol              =20
Plant Sciences                             =20
ETH-Zentrum, LFW-C47        =20
CH-8092 Zurich                         =20
Tel ++41-1-632 4890
Fax ++41-1-632 1153
e-mail: koelliker@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Thu Dec 07 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!daresbury!bioftp.unibas.ch!news.vub.ac.be!ben.vub.ac.be!wmoens
From: William Moens <wmoens@ben.vub.ac.be>
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Re: Myxomycetes (Slime Moulds)
Date: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 11:23:27 +0000
Organization: Brussels Free Universities VUB/ULB
Lines: 12
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.91.951208112236.10787C-100000@ben.vub.ac.be>
References: <Pine.HPP.3.91.951114161526.17498F-100000@steroid.ecst.csuchico.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ben.vub.ac.be.
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
In-Reply-To: <Pine.HPP.3.91.951114161526.17498F-100000@steroid.ecst.csuchico.edu> 

We published recently a paper (Journal of medical Mycology(1995)
5,133-139) validating a method for the preparation of
fungal genomic DNA suitable for PCR and RAPD. This method has worked with
24 fungal genera covering about 200 species.
Reprint can be obtained through Email or at

W.Moens at Institute of Hygiene & Epidemiology
Service of Biosafety & Biotechnology
Wytsmanstreet, 14
B-1050 Brussels BELGIUM
Fx: 322-6425292
Email wmoens@sbb.ihe.be

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Thu Dec 07 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!ZOOLOGY.WASHINGTON.EDU!jnusser
From: jnusser@ZOOLOGY.WASHINGTON.EDU (John Nusser)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: AMOVA analysis - how to do, where to find
Date: 8 Dec 1995 15:18:34 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 81
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Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951208143622.26591A-100000@zoogx.zoology.washington.edu>
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Hello!-
	
	IUd like to thank everyone who answered me with their AMOVA 
replies; I had a lot of helpful suggestions.  AMOVA was originally 
designed by L.Excoffier to analyze haplotype data, but it has been used 
by many to do a phenotypic analysis of RAPD data.  The reference is:  
Genetics 131: 479-491, and itUs a good idea to look over before 
attempting an analysis.
The most recent version of AMOVA (version 1.55) can be obtained via ftp 
from 129.194.113.13/ftp/comp or from http://anthropologie.unige.ch/ftp/comp.
While older versions of AMOVA can be found on IndianaUs server, I do NOT 
recommend you use these versions.

	To analyze data with AMOVA, data must first be put into a 
distance matrix.  To do this, I used PAUP (many propgram will work) to 
calculate a distance matrix from a data file such as the one below.  1 
indicates the presence of a band, 0 the abscence of a band.  The distance 
file will give the number of differences between individuals.  Some 
authors will transform this matrix into a Euclidian data matrix as well.

			primer numbers
individual1  0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
individual2  0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
etc

The crucial step is making sure that the triagular data matrix is entered 
correctly.  Tabs screw up the analysis, there need to be spaces before 
every line, and any carriage returns entered because long data matrices 
wrap along a few lines must be taken out.  I suggest using a text editor 
or word processor that will show you where all the spaces and carriage 
returns are.  The file must be saved as an ASCII text file and should 
look something like this:
 0
 1 0
 2 1 0
 1 9 2 0

The next step is to make your population files
it should look something like this:
23 (refers to number of animals in that population)
1 3
3 1   ( the first number refers to the OTU and the second to the number of
animals that shared that haplotype)
Do this for each population.  I saved the files as seal1.pop, seal2.pop etc
Then you need to make a group file.  This start out by saying
2 regions of 9 populations (so youu have 2 groups and a total of 9 
populations)
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 ( this tell the program how you are going to divide the 
populations
                into groups)
save this file as seal.grp
You should then be ready to start the program.  Some of these details 
will become clearer after reading the few pages of instruction that 
accompany the Winamova program.

Apparently, AMOVA can also be used to analyze microsatellite data.  I 
copied note from Excoffier off the server:

   A recent paper by Monty Slatkin (1995) has shown how to compute R_ST 
    (a F_ST analogue) for microsatellite data. Such a statistic can be
    computed with AMOVA if one provides a matrix of pairwise distance 
between pairs of microsatellite alleles. This distance is defined as the 
squared difference between repeat numbers. The exact procedure on how to 
compute R-statistics based on several loci may be found in Michalakis and 
Excoffier (submitted). A copy of this manuscript is provided as a 
postscript file called Fst_Rst.ps on 
    acasun1.unige.ch, directory pub/comp/win/amova
    
    Ref: Slatkin, M. (1995) A measure of population subdivision based on
    microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics 139(1):457-462.
         Michalakis, Y. and Excoffier, L.  (submitted) A generic estimation
    of population subdivision using distances between alleles with special
    interest to microsatellite loci. Genetics.


Good luck.

John Nusser
jnusser@zoology.washington.edu


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 08 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!CS.Arizona.EDU!news.Arizona.EDU!hamblin.math.byu.edu!acs2.byu.edu!news.cuny.edu!news.sprintlink.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!uwm.edu!reuter.cse.ogi.edu!engr.orst.edu!news.orst.edu!sslab.FSL.ORST.EDU!krutovskiik
From: krutovskiik@fsl.orst.edu (Konstantin Krutovskii)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: mtDNA repeats
Date: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 14:53:21
Organization: fsl.orst.edu
Lines: 17
Message-ID: <krutovskiik.40.000EE41A@fsl.orst.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: sslab.fsl.orst.edu
X-Newsreader: Trumpet for Windows [Version 1.0 Rev A]

Dear bioneters,

I wonder if any regular, conservative and frequently distributed repeats 
or genetic elements not shorter than 15-20 bp exist in plant
mitochondrial genome. I would appreciate it very much if 
you could help me to find any related information on this 
matter or recommend me  papers where I can find it.

Sincerely,

Dr. Konstantin Krutovskii
Department of Forest Science
Oregon State University, FSL 077
Corvallis, OR 97331-7501, USA
Phone:     (503)-737-6564 (off.) or -6562 (lab.)
Fax:       (503)-737-1393
E-mail: krutovsk@ccmail.orst.edu or krutovskiik@fsl.orst.edu

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 08 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!PROMEGA.COM!aabdelma
From: aabdelma@PROMEGA.COM
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: unsubscribe
Date: 9 Dec 1995 15:44:11 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 8
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <9511098185.AA818559782@MRNA.PROMEGA.COM>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

     Hi 
     I am subcribed to this newsgroup from Egypt. I cam e to the US for a 
     short visit. I like to unsubscribe during my stay here.
     My email address is mawgood@alex.eun.eg.
     Please let me know when you can do it.
     Thanks 
     Ahmed Abdel-mawgood


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Sun Dec 10 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!MERCURY.UARK.EDU!DRHOADS
From: DRHOADS@MERCURY.UARK.EDU ("Douglas Rhoads")
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Seek email for Naweed Naqvi
Date: 11 Dec 1995 06:20:16 -0800
Organization: University of Arkansas
Lines: 19
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <2028E8655D@mercury.uark.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

 Sorry to bother the newsgroups but I lost my email address for 
Naweed Naqvi and need to contact or have this person contact me 
again.

Please reply to drhoads@mercury.uark.edu

Thanks.


//========================================================\\
||                  Douglas Rhoads                        ||                             ||
||drhoads@mercury.uark.edu || Dept. of Biological Sciences||
||drhoads@comp.uark.edu    || 601 Science Engineering     ||
||501-575-3251             || University of Arkansas      ||
||FAX 501-575-4010         || Fayetteville, AR 72701      ||
||      http://comp.uark.edu/~bioinfo/bisc.html           ||
==========================================================||
||     My Dogma Just Got Run Over by Someone's Karma      ||
\\========================================================//

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Dec 11 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!news.dacom.co.kr!news.uoregon.edu!news.orst.edu!sslab.FSL.ORST.EDU!krutovskiik
From: krutovskiik@fsl.orst.edu (Konstantin Krutovskii)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Software to search for inverted repeats
Date: Thu, 7 Dec 1995 21:19:17
Organization: fsl.orst.edu
Lines: 13
Message-ID: <krutovskiik.36.001552EA@fsl.orst.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: sslab.fsl.orst.edu
X-Newsreader: Trumpet for Windows [Version 1.0 Rev A]

Dear Folks,

Does anybody know any computer program that can search for inverted repeats of definite length in the 
query sequence? I would appreciate any information on this subject.

Konstantin Krutovskii
Department of Forest Science
Oregon State University, FSL 077
Corvallis, OR 97331-7501, USA
Phone:	(503)-737-6564 (off.) or -6562 (lab.)
Fax:	(503)-737-1393
Electronic mail: krutovsk@ccmail.orst.edu or krutovskiik@fsl.orst.edu


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Dec 12 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!in1.uu.net!noc.near.net!das-news2.harvard.edu!fas-news.harvard.edu!fas.harvard.edu!rickles
From: rickles@fas.harvard.edu (Richard Rickles)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: FENTOMOLE PROTEIN SEQUENCING
Date: 13 Dec 1995 04:39:00 GMT
Organization: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Lines: 10
Message-ID: <4alld4$k20@decaxp.harvard.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: fas.harvard.edu
X-Newsreader: NN version 6.5.0 #3 (NOV)


FEMTOMOLE PROTEIN SEQUENCING-Means you can identify those proteins from
2D gels
and minigels!

contact me at: brauer@ariad.com  617-494-0400 ex 261
for more info........
                     



From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Dec 12 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.tamu.edu!486MULLET2
From: PULANCH@bioch.tamu.edu (Paul E. Ulanch)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Re: High molecular RAPD bands
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 95 19:03:23 GMT
Organization: Texas A&M University
Lines: 24
Message-ID: <4an7u2$e0s@news.tamu.edu>
References: <4a729p$hhk@mserv1.dl.ac.uk>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 486mullet2.tamu.edu
X-Newsreader: News Xpress Version 1.0 Beta #3

   Roland Koelliker <koelliker@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch> wrote:
>Hi netters
>I'm working on the genetic variability of meadow fescue using RAPD markers.
>After screening 140 primers I did find some suitable to my project but they
>all give me only bands smaller than 1600 bp. I do have the feeling, that my
>cycling conditions are not optimal. I'm using a Hybaid Omnigene Cycler (96
>wells, microtubes). 
>
>Does anybody know how I could improve my cycling conditions to earn more
>bands above 1600 kb?
>


Why do you need large PCR fragments from the RAPD analysis?  Is the reason 
just to have more possible bands therefore increasing your chances of finding 
a poymorphism?  

Paul "Goose" Ulanch

Dept. Biochem/Biophys
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX   77843-2128
(409) 847-9379
PULANCH@bioch.tamu.edu

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Dec 12 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!WSP1.WSPICE.COM!lab
From: lab@WSP1.WSPICE.COM (Dr. Eugene Sokourenko)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: LabSEARCH Directory
Date: 13 Dec 1995 09:34:44 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 32
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <01HYR9R263HE000BOP@Acd.Tusk.Edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

(by way of Prakash@acd.tusk.edu)
X-Sender: Prakash@acd.tusk.edu

I am forwarding Information about LabSearch Directory that lists
availability of reagents, probles, primers, antibodies etc from academic
labs.  I think it is a good idea and encourage all of you to participate. 
The listing is free and the copy of the directory will be freely available.
--Prakash

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
LabSearch International was launched by group of academic researchers from
the USA and Europe in attempt to facilitate the exchange of
laboratory-developed research reagents and expertise, across all biomedical
fields. LabSearch will publish in hard copy and electronically a directory
where investigators will be able to publicize the conditional or
unconditional availability of any service or physical specimens provided by
their laboratories. Alternatively, researchers may also describe materials
or expertise they wish to utilize. Listings in the LabSEARCH Directory will
appear in the form of short self-created abstracts which: 1) describe the
material or service offered or desired; 2) provide the name and address of
a contact person; and optionally, 3) define any specific interests in
collaborative studies, or the cost for supply; 4) indicate relevant
publications. Any number of listings are free of charge (for non-profit
organizations). Access to the Directory on WWW will be unrestricted. The
first issue of printed version will be distributed also free of charge to
academic researchers worldwide. Deadline for abstracts submission (by
e-mail or in original format) is December 28, 1995. LabSearch e-mail
address:  lab/wsp1.wspice.com .  URL:  http://www.magibox.net/~lab/search





From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 15 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!AC.DAL.CA!har1
From: har1@AC.DAL.CA (Harold Robertson)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: SOFTWARE FOR WINDOWS
Date: 16 Dec 1995 11:48:41 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 6
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <199512161946.PAA00426@Snoopy.UCIS.Dal.Ca>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

Help!  I am looking for software for windows or ms-dos that will line up
single letter protein sequence and then shade or box or somehow set-off the
identical aminoacids for a family of related proteins. 

Any ideas.


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 15 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!NET.BIO.NET!kristoff
From: kristoff@NET.BIO.NET (Dave Kristofferson)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: *** WWW Access to BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups ***
Date: 16 Dec 1995 10:41:55 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 89
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <CMM-RU.1.4.819139314.kristoff@net.bio.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net


A repost of our 12/10/95 announcement:

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: *IMPORTANT* New BIOSCI WWW Service!!

I am extremely pleased to announce that BIOSCI is now providing WWW
access to all bionet newsgroups through its Web site at www.bio.net!!!

To use this service connect to our URL

http://www.bio.net

and then click on the "Access the BIOSCI/bionet Newsgroups" hyperlink.

David Mack, the BIOSCI systems administrator at the U.S. BIOSCI node,
has done an excellent job using the hypermail program from Enterprise
Integration Technologies to make both current and archived BIOSCI
messages available through the World Wide Web.

Hypermail converts all e-mail addresses in the messages to mailto:
URLs.  As long as your Web browser is correctly configured to send
e-mail, you can not only read these messages, you can also send either
public replies to the newsgroup posting address (present on each
message To: line) or private replies to the poster (address on each
message's From: line).  By selecting the appropriate browser option,
you may also be able to include text in your reply from the message to
which you are responding.

The hypermail archive message headers are threaded by default, but
messages can also be displayed chronologically or sorted by author or
subject line.  This capability gives you, in effect, a threaded
newsreader through the Web.

All messages posted to the lists are still distributed by e-mail and
USENET as usual.  However they are now also added to the hypermail
archives typically within 20 minutes of posting (a delay was added to
avoid file locking problems during periods of heavy use).

The new hypermail archive gives you the advantages of USENET without
requiring a local news server!!  You can keep your personal mail file
uncluttered now by using this system instead of e-mail.  If you have
had problems in the past with new bionet groups not getting
established in your local USENET news system, weep no more!!  The
latest messages will always be here at net.bio.net and all you will
need is your Web browser to read and/or post to any of the newsgroups.

We will also soon be offering far more WAIS indexes as you will see
from browsing the new system.  Our goal is to provide, in addition to
our current system-wide BIOSCI index, individual indexes for each
newsgroup!

Although we have done extensive testing, we will not be surprised if
users discover some remaining bugs in the system.  Please report any
problems to us at

biosci-help@net.bio.net

This new archive also opens up the possibility of sponsorships for
individual newsgroups.  If your organization is interested in helping
support our work through advertising in these WWW forums, i.e.,
displaying your logo - broadcast ads are not allowed, please contact
us at biosci-help@net.bio.net.

This is one of the most exciting developments at BIOSCI in quite some
time.  I want to thank David Mack for all of his hard work getting
this system up and running.  This entailed many late nights and
weekends of effort to configure our system properly.  I would also
like to thank David States at Washington University for calling this
program to our attention several months ago.  We had looked at other
software for providing Web access to our services and like this one
the best.  Hypermail was developed by Tom Gruber for Enterprise
Integration Technologies (EIT) and later rewritten in C by Kevin
Hughes at EIT.  It is available for free from EIT.

I am also pleased to announce that we have recently developed other
software here that makes newsgroup moderation very easy compared to
the old methods.  We continue to encourage the discussion leaders of
the low-to-moderate volume newsgroups to consider moderation to
protect your readers against Internet ad spams.  Please contact us for
details on implementing this.

				Sincerely,

				Dave Kristofferson
				BIOSCI/bionet Manager

				biosci-help@net.bio.net

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Sat Dec 16 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!internet!biosci!not-for-mail
From: biohelp (BIOSCI Administrator)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: BIOSCI miniFAQ, ver. 14-DEC-95
Date: 17 Dec 1995 02:00:25 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 199
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <199512171000.CAA01795@net.bio.net>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

(LAST REVISION: 14-DEC-95)

This BIOSCI "miniFAQ" is designed to answer the questions that come up
the *most frequently*.  The main BIOSCI FAQ (Frequently Asked
Questions) is accessible on the World Wide Web at URL
http://www.bio.net/.

	Contents:
	--------
	1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups.

	2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc.

	3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists.

	4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory.


1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups.
--------------------------------------------------------
As of 10 December 1995, all BIOSCI/bionet full newsgroups are
accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW) at URL http://www.bio.net.
One can read and reply publicly or privately to both recent postings
and archived messages through one's Web browser if it is configured
properly to send e-mail.  Each newsgroup is equipped with its own WAIS
index in addition to the master index for the entire set.  The main
BIOSCI home page also has access to the BIO-JOURNALS Table of Contents
database WAIS index and the BIOSCI user address database described in
another item further below.


2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc.
-------------------------------------------------------
BIOSCI is a set of parallel USENET newsgroups (the "bionet" groups),
mailing lists, and a hypermail archive at URL http://www.bio.net/.
The same postings are distributed on all media (except for a small
number of mailing-list-only groups at net.bio.net).  Unfortunately it
is becoming a despicable practice on the Internet (by a few people out
to make a fast buck) to do automated mass postings to thousands of
newsgroups and mailing lists.  These attempts to grab free advertising
are refered to as "spams" in the usual, somewhat boneheaded, net
terminology.  USENET is more susceptible to this practice, and many
spams originate on the USENET groups and then are passed on to the
mailing lists.  However, spammers also get lists of mailing addresses
and hit these too, so neither medium is immune.

What should you do personally if you get junk mail?
---------------------------------------------------
Just delete it and move on without reading it further.  Filing a
protest is becoming increasingly useless because spammers are often
disguising the addresses where the messages are sent from.  Unless you
really understand Internet mail systems, your attempt at protest by
sending replies to the message will often end up being sent to the
address of an innocent person that the spammer is victimizing.

What can BIOSCI/bionet do to protect its newsgroups?
----------------------------------------------------
The only solution currently available is to moderate the newsgroup.
If this newsgroup is already moderated, then you are in good shape.
Moderation protects the USENET distribution from about 95% of the
spams that are being sent to date and protects the mailing lists
completely.  Moderation means, however, that someone has to take the
time to review each message before it goes out.  We have set up
software here that simply allows the moderator to forward to an
address at net.bio.net messages that (s)he wishes to have distributed.
This takes no more time than that needed to read the message and pass
it on, say about 1 min. per message.

Most newsgroups currently have a discussion leader who is responsible
for their newsgroup.  The discussions leaders and their e-mail
addresses are listed in the BIOSCI Information Sheet which is
available on the Web at http://www.bio.net/.  If a newsgroup is being
hit with too many junk postings, please contact the discussion leader
for that group and see if there is interest in moderating the group.
Please do not assume that by simply posting a complaint to the
newsgroup itself, anyone on the BIOSCI staff will act on your
complaint.  With close to 100 newsgroups to run, the BIOSCI staff has
to rely on the discussion leaders of each newsgroup to report problems
directly to us at biosci-help@net.bio.net.

We will moderate any of our newsgroups if the discussion leader tells
us that the readership of the group wishes to do so and if a moderator
is willing to do the work.  For most BIOSCI/bionet groups, this
entails only a few minutes of work each day.

Moderating a newsgroup will resolve probably 95% of the junk postings
on the USENET distribution.  Unfortunately there are easy ways for
determined spammers to override the moderation mechanism on USENET,
but we can protect our e-mail subscribers from unwanted postings if
the newsgroup is moderated.  You can also access our newsgroups over
the WWW at URL http://www.bio.net.  While this Web interface will not
stop spammers from trying to post to the groups, this will give you
yet another way, besides using USENET news, to keep the junk out of
your personal mail files.  For those of you with local USENET news
systems, the Web interface will also give you faster access to new
newsgroups and recent postings.


3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists.
------------------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE NOTE: The BIOSCI management does NOT act on
subscription/unsubscription requests that are posted improperly to the
newsgroups and mailing lists.  People who do this only bother everyone
on the lists to no avail.  Please be sure to follow the proper
procedures below.

Gory details are in the BIOSCI Information sheets on the Web at
http://www.bio.net.  Below we give an example utilizing the
METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list at both of our two BIOSCI sites:

Users in the Americas and Pacific Rim countries who use the BIOSCI
------------------------------------------------------------------
node at computer net.bio.net:
----------------------------

A) Determine the "listname" which is the <=8 character mail address
                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   for the group.  These can be found in the BIOSCI Info. Sheet.  For
   the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS group the mailing address is
   methods@net.bio.net.  The listname is the portion of the address to
   the left of the @ sign, i.e., "methods".  The listname is used with
   the "subscribe" and "unsubscribe" commands illustrated below.

B) Mail all commands in the body of a mail message addressed to
   biosci-server@net.bio.net.  Do NOT send commands to the newsgroup
   posting addresses!  Leave the Subject: line blank, any text on it
   will be ignored.

C) In the body of your message put one or more of the following
   commands with an "end" command on the last line, e.g.,

   subscribe methods
   unsubscribe methods
   end

   Do NOT put your e-mail address or other text on these lines.  The
   server only allows you to cancel your subscription if the address
   on your mail header matches the address on our mailing list.
   Please ask for help at biosci-help@net.bio.net if your address has
   changed, e.g., if you know you are on the list but the server tells
   you that you are not a member.


Users in Europe, Africa, and Central Asia who use the BIOSCI node at
--------------------------------------------------------------------
computer daresbury.ac.uk (also known as dl.ac.uk):
-------------------------------------------------

To subscribe and unsubscribe to/from the BIOSCI lists, you need to
specify the full USENET newsgroup name with "bionet-news." prepended.
The USENET newsgroup names are listed in the BIOSCI Information sheet
on the Web at http://www.bio.net/.  For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list
the USENET newsgroup name is bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts, thus the
appropriate commands are

    sub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts

    unsub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts

These commands are included in a message addressed to mxt@dl.ac.uk,
NOT to the newsgroup mailing addresses.  As usual, include the text in
the body of the message as text on the Subject: line is ignored.

To unsubscribe from all the lists at the UK node, use

    unsub bionet-news

Please note that if the address in the list is different than the one
in your mail message header, you will not be able to unsubscribe by
this method. If you have problems, please mail biosci@daresbury.ac.uk.


4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Please take this opportunity to add your name, address, and research
interest information to the BIOSCI User Address Database if you have
not already done so.

You can fill out the address form directly through our Web page at URL
http://www.bio.net/adrform.html.

The address database is reindexed nightly for WWW access (the URL is
http://www.bio.net/).  If you are not directly on the Internet but can
reach it by e-mail, please use our waismail server to access the user
directory.  waismail use is described above.  You can also request a
user address form by e-mail from biosci-help@net.bio.net.

Please check your database entry from time-to-time to see if your
address information is still up-to-date.  Because of our limited
personnel resources, we ask that you resubmit a *complete* form to
revise your entry; we only replace complete entries and do not have
resources to edit old forms.

				Sincerely,

				Dave Kristofferson
				BIOSCI/bionet Manager

				biosci-help@net.bio.net

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Dec 18 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!uoguelph.ca!boulding
From: boulding@uoguelph.ca (Elizabeth Boulding)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: detection of microsatellites without cloning
Date: 19 Dec 1995 13:26:22 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 6
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.91.951219162318.230A-100000@ccshst01.cs.uoguelph.ca>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

 Has anybody in this group tried using the RAMP
primers to amplify random microsatellites?  It is
described by K.-S. Wu et al. in a paper entitled
"Detection of microsatellite polymorphisms without
cloning" in Nucleic Acids Research 22:3257-3258.
best, Elizabeth Boulding.

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Dec 18 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!MED2.KUFM.KAGOSHIMA-U.AC.JP!masakun
From: masakun@MED2.KUFM.KAGOSHIMA-U.AC.JP (MASAHISA HORIUCHI)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: (none)
Date: 19 Dec 1995 00:08:00 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 2
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <199512190731.QAA09303@med2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

help


From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Dec 18 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!newsfeed.internetmci.com!uwm.edu!lll-winken.llnl.gov!fnnews.fnal.gov!lakesis.fapesp.br!bee.uspnet.usp.br!carpa!eccastel
From: eccastel@carpa.ciagri.usp.br (Elaine C. Castelhano)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: maize RAPD
Date: 19 Dec 1995 12:40:53 GMT
Organization: Universidade de Sao Paulo / Brasil
Lines: 4
Message-ID: <4b6bsl$724@bee.uspnet.usp.br>
NNTP-Posting-Host: carpa.ciagri.usp.br
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]

 I would like to know anything about maize RAPD ( like protocols, 
references,...) - please help!!! I can make it work!!
Thanks,
Elaine.

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Dec 18 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!uoguelph.ca!boulding
From: boulding@uoguelph.ca (Elizabeth Boulding)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: postdoctoral or Ph.D. positions in Molecular Ecology
Date: 19 Dec 1995 13:45:16 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 40
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.91.951219164143.230J-100000@ccshst01.cs.uoguelph.ca>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

The following ad appeared in the Dec. 8/95 issue of Science:
Note that positions 1 and 4 require molecular experience.
                             
             FOUR POSTDOCTORAL or PH.D POSITIONS
                             
   A multi-university collaborative project examining the
evolutionary ecology of exotic species introductions into
the Great Lakes is looking for four candidates for
postdoctoral or Ph.D. studies.  Four research areas are
currently under investigation: 1) Zooplankton diversity:
allozyme and DNA markers will be used to diagnose
unrecognized species invasions and to ascertain the source
locations of currently recognized exotics.  Contact P.D.N.
Hebert Email: phebert@uoguelph.ca, 2) Theoretical ecology:
mathematical theory of biological invasions.  Contact P.
Yodzis Email: pyodzis@uoguelph.ca, 3) Zooplankton feeding
ecology:  feeding rates and prey electivities, effects of
_Bythotrephes density on per capita feeding rates, and
spatial distribution of this predator and its prey.
Contact W.G. Sprules Email:
gsprules@cyclops.erin.utoronto.ca, 4) Diffusion of exotic
species: development of microsatellites for species of
exotic molluscs and GIS modelling of diffusion from the
source populations identified with these molecular markers.
Contact E.G. Boulding Email: boulding@uoguelph.ca.
Application packages should include a resume, academic
transcripts, the names, telephone numbers, and Email
addresses of three academic referees, and an explanation of
how your background relates to the position and should be
sent to:  Dr. Elizabeth Boulding, Dept. of Zoology,
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada  N1G 2W1.
Positions will remain open until they are filled.  D.K.
Padilla (U. Wisconsin, Madison) and J.E. Havel (Southwest
Missouri State U.) are also collaborators on this project.
The University of Guelph is committed to an employment
equity program that includes special measures to achieve
diversity among its faculty and staff.  We therefore,
particularly encourage applications from qualified
aboriginal Canadians, persons with disabilities, members of
visible minorities, and women.

From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Dec 18 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!ml.csiro.au!chris.bolch
From: chris.bolch@ml.csiro.au (Christopher Bolch)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Re: Rubbish porn postings response
Date: 19 Dec 1995 14:45:16 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 64
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <199512192243.JAA08537@aqueous.ml.csiro.au>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

Dear rapdnet users,

I responded to the rubbish advertising free porn and sex videos. The
following response came from their node administrator.

As usual the initial address was bogus but fortunately the mailing server
was clearly shown in the header info.


Chris

RESPONSE:

>Date: Tue, 19 Dec 1995 10:06:35 -0500 (EST)
>X-Sender: GNNAdvisor@mail.gnn.com
>X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Version 2.1.1
>Mime-Version: 1.0
>To: chris.bolch@aqueous.ml.csiro.au (Christopher Bolch)
>From: William <GNNAdvisor@gnn.com>
>Subject: Re: Rubbish postings
>
>Dear Internet User,
>
>Thanks for reporting the unacceptable post. We'll look into it and
>take the appropriate action.
>
>For confidentiality reasons, we cannot disclose information on
>actions we've taken against our members, however, the resources
>available to us include written warnings and account termination.
>
>
>Regards,
>
>William
>GNN Advisor Staff
>Global Navigator Network
>
>

________________________________________
Any views, statements of intent, or comment in this letter
have no official status and do not constitute or imply any
contract with myself or my employer.
________________________________________
Christopher J. S. Bolch,
Algal Ecologist/Geneticist,
CSIRO Division of Fisheries,
GPO Box 1538,
Hobart, Tasmania,
Australia, 7001.

Australia
PH. 002 325314
FAX 002-325000

International
PH.  061-02-325314
FAX. 061-02-325000
________________________________________






From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Dec 19 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!ACD.TUSK.EDU!Prakash
From: Prakash@ACD.TUSK.EDU
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Job at Union Camp (Princeton, NJ)
Date: 20 Dec 1995 06:50:04 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 16
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <01HZ0W2M3FVC000A58@Acd.Tusk.Edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

The December 15 issue of Science (p.187) carries an ad by Union Camp Co.
who is looking for some one to develop a marker-aided selection program and
DNA fingerprinting with their tree breeding program.  Fax#(609) 844-7323
Attn: Ms. Jacki DiFranco.

I thought some of you may be interested in checking this out.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
C. S. Prakash                           Prakash@Acd.Tusk.Edu
Tuskegee University                     Phone (334) 727 8023
School of Agriculture                   Fax (334) 727 8552
Tuskegee, AL 36088-1641
----------------------------------------------------------------------



From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Dec 19 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!CS.Arizona.EDU!news.Arizona.EDU!hamblin.math.byu.edu!usenet
From: farmerj <farmerj@acd1.byu.edu>
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: complaints about non-scientific postings
Date: 20 Dec 1995 18:41:45 GMT
Organization: Brigham Young University
Lines: 22
Message-ID: <4b9ld9$cvn@hamblin.math.byu.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: farmerj.byu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1N (Windows; I; 16bit)

From time to time, we have received commercial postings and 
pseudo-commercial postings, such as the recent one about sex videos. I 
have discovered, to my embarrassment, that sending a reply which 
complains about the posting usually causes problems for an innocent party 
because the return addresses are often forged.  Many of these postings 
seem to be an attempt to injure someone by flooding their mailboxes with 
complaints.

If you are not clever and experienced enough to track down the originator 
of the message, don't send any reply at all, either to rapd or to the 
return address on the message.  It is often difficult to find the 
offending party.  You can check to see if the news administrators are 
working on a particular message by checking the newsgroup

        news.admin.net-abuse.announce

If so, you need take no further action.  If not, you may wish to call the 
message to their attention.





From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 29 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!ASRR.ARSUSDA.GOV!abartlet
From: abartlet@ASRR.ARSUSDA.GOV ("Alan C. Bartlett")
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: Re: software for gel documentation
Date: 30 Dec 1995 10:37:05 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 20
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.951230132715.23794D-100000@asrr.arsusda.gov>
References: <30DEC95.10742941.0028.MUSIC@SDSUMUS.SDSTATE.EDU>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

I have been very happy with a program called RFLPSCAN produced by CSPI,=20
800-325-3110.  This program will accept TIF files and contains a database=
=20
program which allows you to search for matches of bands in the scanned=20
and analyzed images.  They have been good to work with and will send you=20
detailed information if you call the number.  The program is rather=20
expensive, but does a lot of the analysis for you.  I have looked at the=20
program produced by Jandel (SigmaScan), but have not been impressed=20
enough to change. =FCI think SigmaScan is a little cheaper to buy and has=
=20
recently been updated.  I have a phone number (415-453-6700) but not an=20
800 number.  Their internet address is: sales@jandel.com or=20
support@jandel.com.  Good luck.

Alan C. Bartlett
"GENES-R-US"
"ALTERATIONS AVAILABLE!^"
"^some restrictions may apply:)"



From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Fri Dec 29 22:00:00 1995
Path: biosci!SDSUMUS.SDSTATE.EDU!PX52
From: PX52@SDSUMUS.SDSTATE.EDU ("Thomas E. Chase")
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd
Subject: software for gel documentation
Date: 30 Dec 1995 08:03:47 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Lines: 12
Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <30DEC95.10742941.0028.MUSIC@SDSUMUS.SDSTATE.EDU>
NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net

I'd appreciate receiving any information on software for
gel documentation that runs under DOS or Windows. I have
access to a flatbed scanner for scanning our polaroids and
saving them as TIFs or GIFs. What I'd like to do is then be
able to work with these images. Thanks for any help.

 --------------------------------------------------------
  Thomas E. Chase                px52@sdsumus.sdstate.edu
  South Dakota State University  Office: 605-688-5550
  Plant Science Department       Lab:    605-688-5146
  Box 2108, Brookings, SD 57007  FAX:    605-688-4024
---------------------------------------------------------

