From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Sep 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!ACD.TUSK.EDU!Prakash From: Prakash@ACD.TUSK.EDU ("C. S. Prakash") Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: From DNA Chips to Potato Chips.... Date: 3 Sep 1997 13:54:15 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 144 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Reproducing an article from September 1997 issue of ISB News Report (http://www.nbiap.vt.edu). NEW DNA CHIP TECHNOLOGIES IMPACT AGBIOTECH RESEARCH Compared to genome scientists working with crops and livestock, human genome researchers have some major advantages: better funding, more visibility, good corporate support, a large market and a critical mass of scientists whose effort is focused on a single system. The combination of these factors has driven the development of improved technologies at breakneck speeds. Now, the high powered tools being developed to analyze the human genome are making inroads into agricultural biotechnology. Such tools are essential for genome researchers to move beyond sequencing and into the next phase of research where they conduct enormously large scale gene discovery surveys and gene expression analyses. DNA chips represent such a "massively parallel" genomic technology (1). They facilitate high throughput analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously, and are thus potentially very powerful tools for gaining insight into the complexities of gene expression, detecting genetic variation, making new gene discoveries, fingerprinting cultivars and developing new diagnostic tools. Two types of DNA chips now available are based on the principle of hybridization in which nucleotides on complementary nucleic acid strands recognize each other through base pairing. Only tiny amounts of DNA and chemical reagents are needed and sample preparation effort is minimal. To produce a 'synthesized' DNA chip, a huge number of oligonucleotide probes are synthesized directly on a glass surface or silicon wafer using a process called photolithography (1). More than 400,000 such probes can be placed on a single chip measuring 1.28 cm X 1.28 cm. Next, a fluorescent labeled target nucleic sequence is hybridized to the probes on the chip, and the resulting fluorescent image is scanned by a laser beam and analyzed by a computer. The intensity of fluorescent light varies with the strength of the hybridization thus providing a quantitative 'snapshot' of the gene expression. Even very rare mRNA species (1 in 300,000) can be detected by this approach thus making it possible to detect 'hard-to-find' genes. The process is automated and now commercially available. Affymetrix, a company located in Santa Clara, California manufactures five to ten thousand DNA chips per month and is targeting applications such as screening for human immunodeficiency virus or genes associated with cancer, and gene resequencing (1). The potential for this technology is enormous and 'only limited by imagination' according to Stephen Fodor, CEO of Affymetrix. The company already is supplying Pioneer Hi Bred with custom DNA chips for monitoring corn gene expression. Affymetrix has established programs where academic scientists can use company facilities at a reduced price and they are also setting up 'user centers' at selected universities. A related but less complex technology called DNA microarray or 'spotted' DNA chips involves precisely spotting very small droplets of genomic or cDNA clones or PCR samples on a microscope slide (2). The process uses a robotic device with a print head bearing fine tweezers that work like fountain pens to draw up DNA samples from a 96-well plate and spot tiny amounts on a slide. Up to 10,000 individual clones can be spotted in a dense array within one square centimeter on a glass slide. After hybridization with a fluorescent target mRNA, signals are detected by a custom scanner. A description of DNA microarray technology, including short videos of the arrayer and scanner in action and a picture of the complete yeast genome on a single chip, can be viewed at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/array.html. Shauna Somerville at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Stanford, CA says that DNA chip technology would play an important role in plant biology in the future, but right now 'synthetic' DNA chips are too expensive and limited in applications to agricultural biotechnology because their use requires a prior knowledge of gene sequences. Such information in crop plants and livestock is still relatively limited. A spokesperson from Affymetrix maintains, however, that the commercial costs of the two technologies are comparable. Somerville is collaborating with biochemists Pat Brown, Ron Davis and Mark Schena at Stanford University in using the DNA microarray (spotted DNA chips) technology to understand how plants respond to pathogen infection. In a preliminary study, her group observed for the first time that the model plant Arabidopsis turns on many genes in response to an infection by powdery mildew pathogen and turns off many other genes (3). While some of the activated sequences are known defense-related genes from other crop plants, a few were not known earlier to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Somerville believes that once the Arabidopsis genome is completely sequenced, the greatest challenge facing plant biologists will be to determine the function of all genes uncovered by sequencing. Both the synthetic and spotted versions of the DNA chip technology will be important for gene characterization in the post-genome sequencing era. These technologies permit scientists to conduct large scale surveys of gene expression in crop plants, thus adding to our knowledge of how plants develop over time or respond to various environmental stimuli. The new techniques will be especially useful in gaining an integrated view of how multiple genes are expressed in a coordinated manner. Although many fundamental plant processes can be studied in Arabidopsis, some problems can only be studied in crop plants. Large scale sequencing projects for important crop plants such as corn or potato, using expressed sequence tags coupled with DNA chip technology, have the potential to dramatically enhance our knowledge of how complex agronomic traits such as yield or adaptation to stresses (e.g., salt and drought stress, temperature extremes) are controlled, says Somerville. The increased knowledge can provide powerful tools to redesign crop plants to be more productive under extreme environments. Currently, an initiative to fund a major crop genome effort is being discussed in the halls of the U. S. Congress. If passed, the initiative will be a tremendous boost for plant scientists anxious to employ modern technologies in their research to improve the productivity of organisms which collectively make up dinner on the dining table. References 1. Fodor, S. P. A. 1997. Massively parallel genomics. Science 277:393-394 2. Shalon, D. Et al. 1996. A DNA microarray system for analyzing complex DNA samples using two-color fluorescent probe hybridization. Genome Res. 6:639-645. 3. Schena, M. et al. 1995. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270:467-470. C. S. Prakash Center for Plant Biotechnology Research Tuskegee University prakash@acd.tusk.edu ****************** ****************** ****************** ****************** C. S. Prakash, Ph. D. Prakash@acd.tusk.edu Center for Plant Biotechnology Research Ph: (334) 727 8023 College of Agricultural, Env and Nat Sci. Fax:(334) 727 8067 Tuskegee University http://agriculture.tusk.edu/ Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA ****************** ****************** ****************** ****************** From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Sep 02 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!ACD.TUSK.EDU!prakash From: prakash@ACD.TUSK.EDU ("C. S. Prakash") Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Two "Science" Articles on Green Revolution and Crop Improvement Date: 3 Sep 1997 05:26:44 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 46 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Check out the August 22, 1997 issue of SCIENCE (vol.277; p1038 & p1063) for two excellent articles on (1) Green Revolution, Striga problem in Africa, Interviews with Borlaug, Kush etc. - essentially how Ag Research has to be reinvented to expand food production especially in Africa. (2) Impact of wild germplasm and new molecular maps on crop improvement I reproduce the abstracts from Science below here: (1) Reseeding the Green Revolution by Charles Mann High-yielding varieties of wheat, rice, and maize helped double world grain production in the 1960s and 1970s. A repeat performance is now needed, and that will require a new commitment to agricultural research and redoubled efforts to bring modern plant varieties and new agricultural technologies to areas of the world that did not participate in the original Green Revolution. (2) Seeds Banks and Molecular Maps: Tanskley and McCouch (Cornell U) Nearly a century has been spent collecting and preserving genetic diversity in plants. Germplasm banks--living seed collections that serve as repositories of genetic variation--have been established as a source of genes for improving agricultural crops. Genetic linkage maps have made it possible to study the chromosomal locations of genes for improving yield and other complex traits important to agriculture. The tools of genome research may finally unleash the genetic potential of our wild and cultivated germplasm resources for the benefit of society. ************************************************************* C. S. Prakash Tuskegee University Center for Plant Biotechnology Research Tuskegee, AL 36088 Prakash@acd.tusk.edu http://agriculture.tusk.edu Phone (334) 727 8023; Fax (334) 727 8067 ************************************************************** From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Thu Sep 04 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!newsfeed.kornet.nm.kr!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!worldnet.att.net!news.u.washington.edu!toby From: toby@u.washington.edu ('Toby' H D Bradshaw) Newsgroups: bionet.agroforestry,bionet.plants,bionet.molbio.rapd,bionet.general Subject: Forest Tree Genome Workshop, PAG-VI Date: 5 Sep 1997 21:28:28 GMT Organization: University of Washington, Seattle Lines: 20 Message-ID: <5upths$lsq@nntp3.u.washington.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: saul9.u.washington.edu NNTP-Posting-User: toby Xref: biosci bionet.agroforestry:6326 bionet.plants:16497 bionet.molbio.rapd:2067 bionet.general:28020 Forest Tree Genome Workshop at Plant and Animal Genome VI There will be a workshop for forest tree genomes at this year's Plant and Animal Genome meeting in San Diego, California. The workshop will be from 9AM-6PM on Sunday January 18, 1998. This year's program will be made up entirely of 15-20 minute contributed talks. Postdocs and graduate students are especially encouraged to make presentations about work in progress. Please send the title of your presentation, your name, address, phone, fax, and email numbers to David Neale (dbn@s27w007.pswfs.gov) and Toby Bradshaw (toby@u.washington.edu) by Sept 30, 1997. Acceptance of your presentation will be confirmed shortly thereafter. Speakers should then submit abstracts to the PAG-VI organizers by Nov. 3, 1997 using the on-line abstract form (http://probe.nalusda.gov:8300/cgi-bin/pgabstract-www.pl). We look forward to seeing you in san Diego again this year. Regards, David Neale Toby Bradshaw US Forest Service Univ. Washington From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Sat Sep 13 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!europa.clark.net!4.1.16.34!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cam-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!prodigy.com!nntp.earthlink.net!raw From: raw@healthcareforums.com (Ruth Ann) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: * BioNET COMMUNICATIONS Freeware * Date: Sun, 14 Sep 1997 00:56:18 -0800 Organization: Worldwide Healthcare Forums Lines: 48 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: 38.28.35.248 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Newsreader: Yet Another NewsWatcher 2.2.0b13 *NEW* PeopleLink: Instant Online Communication with your Family + BioNET Colleagues & Friends. Free: PeopleLink is a new communications service that lets people stay in touch no matter where they are on the Internet. The PeopleLink application notifies users whenever selected friends, colleagues or family members appear online, and enables them to instantly communicate in real-time. Combining the interactivity of chat with the selectivity and privacy of email. PeopleLink provides the simplest, safest, and most dependable way for online Healthcare Professionals to connect and communicate. PeopleLink is free to users, takes less than 5 minutes to download at 28.8, sets up easily, and is available for Windows 95, Windows 3.x, Macintosh PowerPC and 68K platforms. Download at http://www.healthcareforums.com/plink.html ---------------------------------- Visit 200 Healthcare Forums in English - http://www.healthcareforums.com Biomedical FORUM can be found under the main topic - Field of Specialty. Worldwide Healthcare Forums SITE TRANSLATIONS: Deutsch Healthcare FORUMS - http://www.healthcareforums.com/wwwboard/index4.html Español Healthcare FORUMS - http://www.healthcareforums.com/wwwboard/index5.html Français Healthcare FORUMS - http://www.healthcareforums.com/wwwboard/index6.html *COMING SOON* Japanese Healthcare FORUMS Chinese Healthcare FORUMS ---------------------------------- NEW SUPER SEARCH ENGINE PAGE with 28 ENGINES http://www.healthcareforums.com/Sengines.html ---------------------------------- POST A MESSAGE & START THREAD AT ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| www.healthcareforums.com ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Sat Sep 13 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!OCELOT.RUTGERS.EDU!QUINONES From: QUINONES@OCELOT.RUTGERS.EDU (SUSAN QUINONES) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Looking for sea urchin cDNA library Date: 14 Sep 1997 08:29:29 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 14 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <01INMQF1EWJ491Y8FA@mbcl.rutgers.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net X-URL: http://www.bio.net/hypermail/RAPD/ X-Mailer: Lynx, Version 2.6 X-Personal_name: Susan Quinones X-From: quinones@mbcl.rutgers.edu We have recently identified a novel human protein and we would like to do some evolutionary comparisons with sea urchin. Anybody know where we can get a cDNA library from sea urchin? Thanks, Susan Quinones From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Tue Sep 16 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!internet!biosci!not-for-mail From: biohelp (BIOSCI Administrator) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: BIOSCI/bionet miniFAQ & Fundraiser Date: 17 Sep 1997 02:00:05 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 233 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199709170900.CAA27956@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net (LAST REVISION: 30-JUL-95) This BIOSCI "miniFAQ" is designed to answer the questions that come up the *most frequently*. The main BIOSCI FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) is accessible on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.bio.net/. If you can not find an answer to your question in this or other documentation, the BIOSCI technical support staff answers e-mail queries sent to biosci-help@net.bio.net We can only answer questions about the use of the newsgroups and mailing lists. We unfortunately do not have the staff to do Internet information searches or answer scientific questions. Please post those to the appropriate BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. Contents: -------- 0) BIOSCI NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT!! 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. 0) BIOSCI NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT!! ------------------------------ BIOSCI's government funding has been expended, and we are now operating solely from advertising revenue that we have raised from our Web site at http://www.bio.net/. We need just a few minutes of your time to help us serve you. You can do two important things which will take very little time for you individually and will immensely help us continue to help you. First, please use our WWW system at http://www.bio.net/ to access the archives. You can post or reply to messages via your Web browser as described in item #1 below. Your usage helps attract sponsors. If you contact any of our sponsors, please be sure to thank them for supporting BIOSCI. It is critical for them to get this feedback if they are to continue their sponsorship for the long term. Second, if you work for a company or organization that provides products or services of interest to the biology community, please pass this message on to your marketing or marketing communications department or other appropriate group. Please ask them to help support BIOSCI by sponsoring our Web site and explain the uses and benefits of the system to the biology community. If they are interested, they can then contact us for further information at our tech support address, biosci-help@net.bio.net. 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. -------------------------------------------------------- As of 10 December 1995, all BIOSCI/bionet full newsgroups are accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW) at URL http://www.bio.net. One can read and reply publicly or privately to both recent postings and archived messages through one's Web browser if it is configured properly to send e-mail. Each newsgroup is equipped with its own WAIS index. The main BIOSCI home page also has access to the BIO-JOURNALS Table of Contents database WAIS index and the BIOSCI user address database described in another item further below. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. ------------------------------------------------------- BIOSCI is a set of parallel USENET newsgroups (the "bionet" groups), mailing lists, and a hypermail archive at URL http://www.bio.net/. The same postings are distributed on all media (except for a small number of mailing-list-only groups at net.bio.net). Unfortunately it is becoming a despicable practice on the Internet (by a few people out to make a fast buck) to do automated mass postings to thousands of newsgroups and mailing lists. These attempts to grab free advertising are refered to as "spams" in the usual, somewhat boneheaded, net terminology. USENET is more susceptible to this practice, and many spams originate on the USENET groups and then are passed on to the mailing lists. However, spammers also get lists of mailing addresses and hit these too, so neither medium is immune. What should you do personally if you get junk mail? --------------------------------------------------- Just delete it and move on without reading it further. Filing a protest is becoming increasingly useless because spammers are often disguising the addresses where the messages are sent from. Unless you really understand Internet mail systems, your attempt at protest by sending replies to the message will often end up being sent to the address of an innocent person that the spammer is victimizing. What can BIOSCI/bionet do to protect its newsgroups? ---------------------------------------------------- The only solution currently available is to moderate the newsgroup. If this newsgroup is already moderated, then you are in good shape. Moderation protects the USENET distribution from about 95% of the spams that are being sent to date and protects the mailing lists completely. Moderation means, however, that someone has to take the time to review each message before it goes out. We have set up software here that simply allows the moderator to forward to an address at net.bio.net messages that (s)he wishes to have distributed. This takes no more time than that needed to read the message and pass it on, say about 1 min. per message. Most newsgroups currently have a discussion leader who is responsible for their newsgroup. The discussions leaders and their e-mail addresses are listed in the BIOSCI Information Sheet which is available on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. If a newsgroup is being hit with too many junk postings, please contact the discussion leader for that group and see if there is interest in moderating the group. Please do not assume that by simply posting a complaint to the newsgroup itself, anyone on the BIOSCI staff will act on your complaint. With close to 100 newsgroups to run, the BIOSCI staff has to rely on the discussion leaders of each newsgroup to report problems directly to us at biosci-help@net.bio.net. We will moderate any of our newsgroups if the discussion leader tells us that the readership of the group wishes to do so and if a moderator is willing to do the work. For most BIOSCI/bionet groups, this entails only a few minutes of work each day. Moderating a newsgroup will resolve probably 95% of the junk postings on the USENET distribution. Unfortunately there are easy ways for determined spammers to override the moderation mechanism on USENET, but we can protect our e-mail subscribers from unwanted postings if the newsgroup is moderated. You can also access our newsgroups over the WWW at URL http://www.bio.net. While this Web interface will not stop spammers from trying to post to the groups, this will give you yet another way, besides using USENET news, to keep the junk out of your personal mail files. For those of you with local USENET news systems, the Web interface will also give you faster access to new newsgroups and recent postings. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. ------------------------------------------------------------------ PLEASE NOTE: The BIOSCI management does NOT act on subscription/unsubscription requests that are posted improperly to the newsgroups and mailing lists. People who do this only bother everyone on the lists to no avail. Please be sure to follow the proper procedures below. Gory details are in the BIOSCI Information sheets on the Web at http://www.bio.net. Below we give an example utilizing the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list at both of our two BIOSCI sites: Users in the Americas and Pacific Rim countries who use the BIOSCI ------------------------------------------------------------------ node at computer net.bio.net: ---------------------------- A) Determine the "listname" which is the <=8 character mail address ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ for the group. These can be found in the BIOSCI Info. Sheet. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS group the mailing address is methods@net.bio.net. The listname is the portion of the address to the left of the @ sign, i.e., "methods". The listname is used with the "subscribe" and "unsubscribe" commands illustrated below. B) Mail all commands in the body of a mail message addressed to biosci-server@net.bio.net. Do NOT send commands to the newsgroup posting addresses! Leave the Subject: line blank, any text on it will be ignored. C) In the body of your message put one or more of the following commands with an "end" command on the last line, e.g., subscribe methods unsubscribe methods end Do NOT put your e-mail address or other text on these lines. The server only allows you to cancel your subscription if the address on your mail header matches the address on our mailing list. Please ask for help at biosci-help@net.bio.net if your address has changed, e.g., if you know you are on the list but the server tells you that you are not a member. Users in Europe, Africa, and Central Asia who use the BIOSCI node at -------------------------------------------------------------------- computer daresbury.ac.uk (also known as dl.ac.uk): ------------------------------------------------- To subscribe and unsubscribe to/from the BIOSCI lists, you need to specify the full USENET newsgroup name with "bionet-news." prepended. The USENET newsgroup names are listed in the BIOSCI Information sheet on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list the USENET newsgroup name is bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts, thus the appropriate commands are sub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts unsub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts These commands are included in a message addressed to mxt@dl.ac.uk, NOT to the newsgroup mailing addresses. As usual, include the text in the body of the message as text on the Subject: line is ignored. To unsubscribe from all the lists at the UK node, use unsub bionet-news Please note that if the address in the list is different than the one in your mail message header, you will not be able to unsubscribe by this method. If you have problems, please mail biosci@daresbury.ac.uk. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. ----------------------------------------------------------- Please take this opportunity to add your name, address, and research interest information to the BIOSCI User Address Database if you have not already done so. You can fill out the address form directly through our Web page at URL http://www.bio.net/adrform.html. The address database is reindexed nightly for WWW access (the URL is http://www.bio.net/). If you are not directly on the Internet but can reach it by e-mail, please use our waismail server to access the user directory. waismail use is described above. You can also request a user address form by e-mail from biosci-help@net.bio.net. Please check your database entry from time-to-time to see if your address information is still up-to-date. Because of our limited personnel resources, we ask that you resubmit a *complete* form to revise your entry; we only replace complete entries and do not have resources to edit old forms. From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Sep 24 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!howland.erols.net!newsfeed.direct.ca!newshub1.home.com!news.home.com!news.rdc1.md.home.com!cc404921-a.twsn1.md.home.com!user From: Webmaster@scienceguide.com (Robert W. Georgantas III) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: BioScience Information Date: 25 Sep 1997 07:51:33 GMT Organization: The Science Guide Lines: 65 Message-ID: Reply-To: news@scienceguide.com NNTP-Posting-Host: cc404921-a.twsn1.md.home.com Announcing the SCIENCE GUIDE. http://www.scienceguide.com A New Internet Directory and Information Service run by Scientists and Physicians for Scientists and Physicians. After visiting the Guide, If you have any suggestion for making the Guide better please let us know. (webmaster@scienceguide.com) The Science Guide consists of a number of different sections designed to help the scientist and physician find information on the internet and to sponsor communication between those interested in science: NEWS SECTION Every day the Science Guide compiles medical and research news from national news sources around the net. Most of the news articles are concerned with medicine, bioscience, and physics, but all other sciences from agriculture to zoology are commonly included. News sources currently listed include: CNN, EurekAlert, HMS Beagle, MSNBC Sci-Tech, Science Magazine¹s ScienceNow, CBS Space News, USA Today, The Albuquerque Journal, Scientific American Web Weekly, The Why Files, Discover Magazine, Scientific American, Smithsonian Magazine, and the Technology Review. The news pages also list links to news sources not compiled within the News site. We are currently working on adding a number of other sources to the site to make it even more useful. To make getting science news even easier, we send out a DAILY NEWS EMAILER listing the articles which have been compiled on our site. Anyone can subscribe to the Emailer by sending an email to news@scienceguide.com with the message ³Subscribe² DIRECTORY OF USENET NEWS GROUPS and DISCUSSION LISTS The Directory of Usenet and Discussion Groups is compiled quarterly from different sources around the net to provide the scientist and those interested in science easy access to these invaluable sources of discourse and information. We are currently working on finding the proper subscription method for each of the discussion lists. This is taking a bit longer that we thought so please pardon our dust. The Usenet portions of this section are complete. ON-LINE JOURNAL HYPERLINK SECTION The Journals Section contains links to peer reviewed scientific journals on the Internet. Each listing clearly indicates whether the journal provides only the table of contents, TOC with abstracts, or the full text of the journal EMPLOYMENT SECTION The Jobs and Positions Section contains hyperlinks to the best Scientific Employment Databases and Classifieds on the net. GRANTS and FUNDING SECTION The funding section contains links to the best funding and grant databases on the Internet, making it very easy for scientists to quickly find funding opportunities. The featured site of the section is ³The Community of Science,² a Johns Hopkins service designed to help scientists find and continue funding. From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Sat Sep 27 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!rutgers!nntp.upenn.edu!dsinc!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news-pull.sprintlink.net!news-in-east.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!207.206.0.71!iagnet.net!tor-nx1.netcom.ca!news.securenet.net!not-for-mail From: qdgyob@112233.com (pjobeb) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.proteins.fluorescent,bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Where's the snow? - hoho.gif [1/1] Date: 28 Sep 1997 20:27:40 GMT Organization: Interyellow Lines: 209 Message-ID: <60mejs$t3k$294@news.securenet.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: client68.securenet.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; Boundary="*- Boundary H1stI3" X-Newsreader: WinVN 0.99.9 (Released Version) (x86 32bit) Xref: biosci bionet.molbio.proteins.fluorescent:1612 bionet.molbio.rapd:2079 --*- Boundary H1stI3 Content-Type: Text/Plain; charset=US-ASCII Have you been good this year? http://www.santas.com --*- Boundary H1stI3 Content-Type: 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$449 Includes 2 Pieces of CD-R Media 1 Year Factory Warrenty With purchase of Drive Toast & Easy Cd Pro Together for additional $39 Media: CD-R Media Generic Memorex OEM Guaranteed Replacement Gold on Green Price: $2.19 Minimum Order: 10 Or: 21.90 Per 10 pack The Copy Cat Shop has all of your Duplication, Replication, Media Supplies. The Copy Cat Shop 760-510-9888 From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Mon Sep 29 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu!HSNX.wco.com!newsfeed.dacom.co.kr!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsfeed.internetmci.com!193.189.160.9!news.siol.net!kanja.arnes.si!news.ijs.si!not-for-mail From: "Andrej Horvat" Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: reproducibility of AP-PCR Date: 30 Sep 1997 20:18:13 GMT Organization: Institut Jo¾ef Stefan Lines: 12 Message-ID: <01bccdde$4c54a220$b50702c1@ashera> NNTP-Posting-Host: ashera.ijs.si X-Trace: gnus.ijs.si 875650693 10787 (None) 193.2.7.181 X-Complaints-To: newsmaster@ijs.si X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1161 Recently I was told that with any reports of typing with AP-PCR I should include a Polaroid picture of fragment patterns of several parallel products of the same template DNA, same composition of the DNA mixture and after the same PCR programme as to assure the method was reproducible. It is against my logical thinking (not to mention our budget policy) to do so as in any outburst we are dealing with several strains which are very probably the of the same clonal descent. I believe if their fragment patterns are alike that accounts for the reproducibility as well. I would be very grateful for your opinion, thank you lots, Goga