From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Oct 01 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!bcm.tmc.edu!news.msfc.nasa.gov!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!howland.erols.net!recycled.news.erols.com!news.uni-c.dk!balder.adm.ku.dk!arnold!tlk From: Toke Lindegaard Knudsen Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Breaking the barriers between biology, chemistry and physics. Date: Thu, 2 Oct 1997 15:29:56 +0200 Organization: University of Copenhagen Lines: 356 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: arnold.math.ku.dk Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII X-Sender: tlk@arnold I am submitting this very interesting article on behalf of Madhavendra Puri of the Bhaktivedanta Institute. Could anyone replying to this posting on the newsgroup please CC a copy to Madhavendra Puri at . That would be most helpful for me. Thank you! -Toke Lindegaard Knudsen. EVIDENCE THAT ATOMS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THAN OUTSIDE OF THEM Madhavendra Puri The Bhaktivedanta Institute E-mail: tumle@diku.dk A number of chemists report that plants, animals and human beings ROUTINELY TRANSMUTE MID-RANGE ELEMENTS (for example, potassium into calcium or magnesium into calcium) AS PART OF THEIR ORDINARY DAILY METABOLISM. These transmutations obey rules such as: Mg + O => Ca; K + H => Ca. This is revolutionary since, according to current physical theory, the energy levels required for such transmutations are billions of times higher than what is available in biological systems. Equally inexplicable fission reactions such as Ca => Mg + O; Ca => K + H are also reported. But revolutions in physics have repeatedly occurred, such as the quantum revolution in which the radical property of non-locality, previously considered impossible, is now accepted by physicists (see Aspect and Grangier 1986, Bransden and Joachain 1989, p.671-681, Chiao et al 1993, Squires 1990, p.173, Rae 1986, p.25-44, and Penrose 1990, p.369). What I am presenting here is not the "cold fusion" of Fleischmann and Pons which, as far as I know, lacks clear evidence of actual fusion. Even if the Fleischmann and Pons effect turns out to be actual fusion, it is only the fusion of isotopes of the lightest element hydrogen under special laboratory conditions which is quite different from the UNEQUIVOCAL FUSION AND FISSION OF MID-RANGE elements found in biological transmutation reports. Now let us examine the evidence for biological transmutation. Crabs, shellfish and crayfish have shells made largely of calcium. A crab 17 cm by 10 cm has a shell weighing around 350 grams. Periodically these animals shed their shell and create a new one. This is called molting. When molting, a crab is very vulnerable and hides away from all other creatures so it can not get calcium by preying on other creatures. According to French chemist C. Louis Kervran of the Conseil d'Hygiene in Paris, sea water contains far too little calcium to account for the rapid production of a shell (the calcium content of sea water is about 0.042% and a crab can form a new shell in little more than one day). If the entire body of a crab is analyzed for calcium, it is found to contain only enough calcium to produce 3% of the shell (even taking into account the calcium carbonate stored in the hepato-pancreas just before molting). Even in water completely devoid of calcium, shellfish can still create their calcium-bearing shells as shown by an experiment performed at the Maritime Laboratory of Roscoff: "A crayfish was put in a sea water basin from which calcium carbonate had been removed by precipitation; the animal made its shell anyway." (Kervran 1972, p.58) "Chemical analysis made on animals secreting their shells has revealed that calcium carbonate is formed on the outer side of a membrane although on the opposite side of the membrane, where matter enters, there is no calcium. This fact has left specialists perplexed." (Kervran 1972, p.58) Sea water contains a sufficient amount of magnesium to form a shell if we accept Kervran's proposition that crabs routinely transmute magnesium into calcium; Mg + O => Ca. It would be interesting to put a crayfish in water devoid of both calcium and magnesium and see if it can still create its shell. Normal egg shells produced by hens contain calcium. Kervran (1972, p.41) reported an experiment in which hens were confined in an area in which there was no source of calcium and no calcium was present in their diet. The calcium deficiency became clearly manifested after a few days when the hens began to lay eggs with soft shells. Then purified mica (which contains potassium) was given to the hens. Kervran (1972, p.41) described what then transpired: "The hens jumped on the mica and began scratching around it very rapidly, panting over it; then they rested, rolling their heads on it, threw it into the air, and began scratching it again. The next day eggs with normal shells (weight 7 grams) were laid. Thus, in the 20 hours that intervened, the hens transformed a supply of potassium into calcium. ... An experiment of this kind, using the same mica, was undertaken with guinea-fowls over a period of forty days. The administering of the mica was suspended three times and each time a soft-shelled egg was laid ... ." One might suggest that the calcium in the egg shells was borrowed from the bones of the hens. But if this is true, why were soft eggs laid when the mica was withheld and normal eggs laid when mica was given to the hens? In order to avoid the conclusion that the hens transmuted potassium into calcium, one would have to show that mica somehow stimulates a metabolic pathway in which calcium is removed from the hen's bones and used in the production of the egg shells. This could be completely refuted by feeding the hens mica (and of course absolutely no calcium) for such a long period of time that all the calcium in their bones would have been completely exhausted. If after that time the hens still produce calcium-bearing egg shells, we must conclude that the calcium in the egg shells is not being taken from the bones. At that point, we seem to have no choice but to acknowledge the transmutation of potassium into calcium within the hens. Kervran (1972, p.52) described experiments performed in 1959 by the French government in the Sahara desert. The government was interested in determining the nutritional requirements of petroleum workers in the extreme heat prevalent in the desert. In the first experiment, conducted near a place called Ouargla, the total amount of magnesium ingested per day per man was measured and compared with the amount excreted. It was found that, on the average, each man daily excreted 117.2 milligrams of magnesium more than he ingested. Thus, each day, each man lost on the average 117.2 milligrams of magnesium. Now we must consider how much magnesium is on reserve in the human body: it turns out that the body is not able to mobilize more than 5000 milligrams of magnesium. Thus, at a daily loss of 117.2 milligrams, it is clear that after 50 days the bodies of the petroleum workers should have been completely depleted of magnesium. But the experiment was conducted for 180 days and each day each man excreted on the a verage 117.2 milligrams more than he ingested. The second experiment lasted for 240 days and was conducted near Tindouf which has a drier climate. This time each man excreted each day an average of 256 milligrams of magnesium more than he ingested. Under these conditions, after 20 days, each man should have been completely depleted of magnesium; but somehow they survived for 220 days thereafter. It seems difficult to avoid the conclusion that the human body is able to create magnesium. Biochemist H. Komaki of the University of Mukogawa in Japan reported that a number of different families of microorganisms such as Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae create potassium during growth. (Komaki 1965, 1967) Kervran described a germination experiment using ryegrass seeds (type Rina) performed in 1971 by the Laboratory of the Societe des Agriculteurs de France (Kervran 1972, p.107). Out of an initial group of 2000 seeds, 1000 were set aside as a control batch and the other 1000 were germinated. The control batch weighed 2.307 grams before drying and 2.035 grams after drying. These 2.035 grams were analyzed and found to contain 3.02 milligrams of magnesium, 6.97 milligrams of potassium, 6.00 milligrams of calcium and 0.021 milligrams of copper. The magnesium, calcium and copper contents were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and the potassium content was determined by flame emission. The 1000 seeds to be germinated were germinated for 29 days in Petri dishes under a plastic sheet to insure that no dust could get in. Aside from 430 milliliters of Evian water, absolutely nothing else was supplied to the seeds during germination. 430 milliliters of Evian water was found to contain 10.32 milligrams of magnesium, 0.39 milligrams of potassium, 33.11 milligrams of calcium and 0.00 milligrams of copper. After the 29 day germination period, the plants were converted to ashes under high temperature and the ashes and residual Evian water in the Petri dishes were found to contain 3.20 milligrams of magnesium, 16.67 milligrams of potassium, 36.50 milligrams of calcium and 0.10 milligrams of copper. Before germination there were 6.97 milligrams of potassium in the seeds. During germination 0.39 milligrams of potassium were added to the growing plants (this came from the Evian water). If atomic nuclei can not be altered in biological systems, we expect that after germination there should be 6.97 + 0.39 = 7.36 milligrams of potassium in the plants and residual Evian water. But this was not the case. After germination the plants and residual Evian water were found to contain 16.67 milligrams of potassium. Thus 9.31 milligrams of potassium were apparently created during germination. Before germination there were 3.02 milligrams of magnesium in the seeds. During germination 10.32 milligrams of magnesium were added to the growing plants (this came from the Evian water). If atomic nuclei can not be altered in biological systems, we expect that after germination there should be 10.32 + 3.02 = 13.34 milligrams of magnesium in the plants and residual Evian water. But after germination the plants and residual Evian water were found to contain only 3.20 milligrams of magnesium. Thus 10.14 milligrams of magnesium were apparently destroyed during germination. Before germination there were 0.021 milligrams of copper in the seeds. During germination 0.00 milligrams of copper were added to the growing plants. Assuming that atomic nuclei can not be altered, we expect that after germination there should still be 0.021 milligrams of copper in the plants and residual Evian water. But it turned out that after germination the plants and residual Evian water were found to contain 0.10 milligrams of copper. Thus 0.079 milligrams of copper were apparently created during germination. Before germination there were 6.00 milligrams of calcium in the seeds. During germination 33.11 milligrams of calcium were added to the growing plants (from the Evian water). Assuming that nuclei can not be altered, we expect that after germination there should be 39.11 milligrams of calcium in the plants and residual Evian water. However, after germination the plants and residual Evian water were found to contain 36.50 milligrams of calcium. Thus 2.61 milligrams of calcium were apparently destroyed during germination. The following challenge can be made: no one knows how much potassium, calcium, magnesium and copper was in the seeds before they were germinated. It was assumed that the amounts of these elements was not significantly different from the amounts of these elements in the control batch. How do we know this is true? What should have been done is to start with a 100 grams of seeds, mix them around thoroughly, weigh out 50 batches of 2.000 grams each, randomly select 25 of these as control batches, determine the amounts of potassium, calcium, magnesium and copper in these batches and note the maximum variation in these elements among these batches. The remaining 25 batches can then be germinated and the plants analyzed for element content. In this way we would have some measure of the variation among different batches (both germinated and control). On the positive side, it can be argued that since the seeds of the control and germinated batches were of the same type, the variation in element content between these two batches was not significant. Some support for this idea can be found in the data provided by chemist D. Long of the Michaelis Nutritional Research Laboratory in Harpenden, England. Long analyzed (using atomic spectroscopy) six batches of ryegrass seeds (each of which weighed 5.4 grams before drying) and discovered that the difference in potassium content between the batch containing the greatest amount of potassium and the batch containing the least amount of potassium was 0.054 milligrams of potassium per gram of dry seed weight. Similarly, the maximum difference in magnesium content was 0.033 milligrams per gram of dry seed weight, that of calcium was 0.091 milligrams per gram of dry seed weight, and that of copper was 1.19 micrograms per gram of dry seed weight. (Long 1971, p.7) Kervran proposed that the plants performed the following nuclear reactions: Mg + O => Ca; Ca => K + H. Kervran did not discuss the reaction involving copper. Based on experience derived from similar experiments, Kervran said that if the seeds are germinated in doubly-distilled water, the amount of transmuted material is much smaller and may fall within the range of experimental error and therefore not be significant. The reason for this is that each kind of plant is only able to transmute certain elements into certain other elements. Thus the experimenter must provide the plant with a certain amount of certain elements if he wants to observe a large amount of transmuted material. For germinating ryegrass seeds, Evian water is the perfect growth medium because it provides this particular kind of plant with the elements it needs. Kervran (1972, p.132) also described a series of experiments in which wheat and oat seeds were germinated "on porous ashless paper saturated with a fertilizing solution of salts dissolved in water. The solution was free of calcium." In the case of wheat (Roux Clair) there was 3.34 times more calcium in the plants than in the seeds; in the case of one kind of oats (Noire du Prieure) there was 4.16 times more calcium in the plants than in the seeds; in the case of another kind of oats (Panache de Roye) there was 4.51 times more calcium in the plants than in the seeds. The calcium content was determined by two independent methods (conventional chemical analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy); both methods agreed closely. Kervran performed more than 20 such experiments, mostly on oat seeds. Kervran (1972, p.133) mentioned that the moon plays an important role in the production of calcium. The above huge increases in calcium were obtained in experiments in which the germination started at the new moon and stopped on the second full moon (after 6 weeks). This is an important consideration for those who attempt to duplicate these results. A lunar influence on the metabolic activity of various plants and animals was also reported by biologist Frank A. Brown. (Gauquelin 1969, p.131-133) D. Long questioned Kervran's methods of analysis. Long (1971, p.9) said that Kervran had made (in some of his earlier experiments) the mistake of comparing the ash weight of the control batch with the ash weight of the plants after germination. Kervran may have made this mistake in some of his earlier experiments but he did not do so in the ryegrass, wheat and oat germination experiments described above. In these experiments, he rightly compared the weight of the control batch with the weight of the seeds to be germinated. In other words, the weight comparison was done on the two batches of seeds before one batch was germinated. This is the correct procedure as acknowledged by Long himself. Long germinated ryegrass seeds in deionized water and reported that he was unable to observe a transmutation of elements. As discussed above, this is to be expected since without a sufficient input of certain elements, there is insufficient material to be transmuted. A more serious criticism is Long's claim that he corresponded with Kervran who advised him to germinate green lentil seeds (Leguminacae) in water containing certain minerals. Long reported that although he did this he was still unable to observe a significant transmutation of elements. But Long did not attempt to duplicate the best of Kervran's germination experiments, namely the ryegrass, wheat and oat experiments described above. I hope that many scientists will do these experiments and report the results to the scientific community. In the 1950s Pierre Baranger, a professor and the director of the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, performed a large number of germination experiments and concluded that plants routinely transmute elements. Baranger did his experiments independently of Kervran. Baranger said: "My results seem impossible, but here they are. I took every precaution. I repeated the experiments many times. I made thousands of analyses for years. I had the results verified by third parties who did not know what I was investigating. I used several methods. I changed my experimenters. But there is no escape. We must submit to the evidence: plants transmute elements." (Michel 1959, p.82) I tried to get more information by writing letters to the Ecole Polytechnique, the Societe des Agriculteurs de France and the Agronomie Research National Institute, but I received no reply. In 1975 chemists O. Heroux and D. Peter of the Division of Biological Sciences of the National Research Council of Canada conducted a meticulous experiment with rats (Heroux and Peter 1975). They measured the amount of magnesium ingested through food, water (and even air) as well as the amount of magnesium excreted in the form of urine and feces over three periods of time: 69 days, 240 days and 517 days. In the case in which the rats were fed a diet in which the amount of magnesium ingested was less than the amount of magnesium excreted, it was expected that the total amount of magnesium in the body would decrease. In fact, long before the 517th day of the experiment it was expected that there would be zero magnesium in the body. However, when the rats were analyzed for total magnesium on the 517th day, each rat contained, on the average, 82 milligrams of magnesium. The method used to determine the amount of magnesium in the body, food, water, air, feces and urine was atomic absorption spectroscopy. Heroux and Peter verified the accuracy of their determinations by giving samples to two other laboratories (the Division of Chemistry at the National Research Council and the Department of Chemistry at McMaster University); both of these laboratories obtained essentially the same results as Heroux and Peter at the Division of Biology at the National Research Council. Finally, other methods were used (such as destructive neutron activation and spectrographic emission) and these methods yielded results very similar to those obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy. I do not advise the replication of this experiment since it involved killing the rats in order to analyze their bodies for magnesium. Experiments involving animal killing are not required since there are many ways (as described above) to verify biological transmutation without such killing. Bibliography Albert, D. "Bohm's Alternative to Quantum Mechanics." Scientific American, May 1994, pages 32-39 Aspect, A. and Grangier, P. "Experiments on Einstein- Podolsky-Rosen-type Correlations with Pairs of Visible Photons." In Quantum Concepts in Space and Time (edited by R. Penrose and C. J. Isham). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986 Bohm, D. and Peat, F. Science, Order and Creativity. New York: Bantam Books, 1987 Bransden, B. and Joachain, C. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Essex: Longman Group U.K. Limited, 1989 Chiao, R., Kwait, P. and Steinberg, A. "Faster than light?" Scientific American, August 1993, pages 38-46 Darnell, J., Lodish, H. and Baltimore, D. Molecular Cell Biology. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1990 Gauquelin, M. The Cosmic Clocks. London: Peter Owen, 1969 Heroux, O. and Peter, D. "Failure of balance measurements to predict actual retention of magnesium and calcium by rats as determined by direct carcass analysis." Journal of Nutrition, 1975, volume 105, pages 1157-1167 Kervran, C. Louis. Biological Transmutation. New York: Swan House Publishing Company, 1972 Komaki, H. "Sur la formation de sels de potassium par differentes familles de microorganismes dans un milieu sans potassium." Revue de Pathologie Comparee, Paris, September 1965 Komaki, H. "Production de proteines par 29 souches de microorganismes et augmentation du potassium en milieu de culture sodique, sans potassium." Revue de Pathologie Comparee, Paris, April 1967 Long, D. B. "Laboratory Report on Biological Transmutation." Monograph of the Henry Doubleday Research Society. Braintree, Essex, England, September 1971 Michel, A. "Un savant francais bouleverse la science atomique." Science et Vie, Paris, 1959, pages 81-87 Penrose, R. The Emperor's New Mind. New York: Vintage Press, 1990 Rae, A. Quantum Physics: Illusion or Reality? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986 Squires, E. Conscious Mind in the Physical World. 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Osceola Pkwy Suite 242 Kissimmee Fl.34743 From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Oct 15 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!agate!newsgate.duke.edu!news.eng.convex.com!cs.utexas.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!uninett.no!due.unit.no!not-for-mail From: "Hans" Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Re: RAMP Date: Thu, 16 Oct 1997 11:54:40 +0100 Organization: VM Lines: 35 Message-ID: <624o90$nq2$1@due.unit.no> References: <624mks$g40@mserv1.dl.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: v-a-101.vm.ntnu.no X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3 Dear Andre and all others, could you please explain to me what a slope/ramp in a RAPD protocol is? I guess my English isn't good enough to understand the meaning of these expressions. Thank you in advance. Best wishes, Hans Stenĝien ______________________________________________ Hans Stenĝien Norwegian University of Science and Technology Andre van der Wurff wrote in message <624mks$g40@mserv1.dl.ac.uk>... >Dear "RAPD-users", > >some use a ramp (or slope) in their RAPD-PCR protocol. But, according to >me, since RAPDs are used to detect small genetic differences between taxa >e.g. point mutations in primer-target sites, ramps (or slopes) are >preventing disrimination based on point mutations ! > >Does anyone agree or disagree ? > >I am very interested in any opinion on this. > >regards, >andre van der wurff >(wurff@bio.vu.nl) > > From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Oct 15 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!daresbury!not-for-mail From: wurff@bio.vu.nl (Andre van der Wurff) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: RAMP Date: 16 Oct 1997 10:26:52 +0100 Lines: 16 Sender: lpddist@mserv1.dl.ac.uk Distribution: bionet Message-ID: <624mks$g40@mserv1.dl.ac.uk> Original-To: rapd@dl.ac.uk Dear "RAPD-users", some use a ramp (or slope) in their RAPD-PCR protocol. But, according to me, since RAPDs are used to detect small genetic differences between taxa e.g. point mutations in primer-target sites, ramps (or slopes) are preventing disrimination based on point mutations ! Does anyone agree or disagree ? I am very interested in any opinion on this. regards, andre van der wurff (wurff@bio.vu.nl) From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Oct 15 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!rutgers!nntp.upenn.edu!dsinc!news.voicenet.com!news-peer.gsl.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!worldnet.att.net!newsadm From: "Central Valley Seeds, Inc." Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Microsatellites in Broccoli Date: 16 Oct 1997 15:27:24 GMT Organization: Central Valley Seeds, Inc. Lines: 5 Message-ID: <01bcd9e5$87d5b880$8502400c@default> NNTP-Posting-Host: 12.64.2.133 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Internet News 4.70.1162 Dear RAPD newsgroup readers; I planning to use microsatellites in broccoli for varietal identification. I need DNA sequence data. Thanks M. Massoudi From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Oct 15 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!mserv1.dl.ac.uk!not-for-mail From: wurff@bio.vu.nl (Andre van der Wurff) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: Re: RAMP Date: 16 Oct 1997 15:27:27 +0100 Lines: 14 Sender: lpddist@mserv1.dl.ac.uk Distribution: bionet Message-ID: <62588f$4dr@mserv1.dl.ac.uk> Original-To: rapd@dl.ac.uk dear Hans, a ramp or slope is the user-determined increase in temperature from e.g. annealing to extension (elongation). For example : You are able to program the PCR machine to increase the temperature from 37 degrees to 72 degrees Celsius with a rate of 0.5/second, i.e. 0.5 degrees Celsius per second. Mostly, this strategy is used to "lock universal primers into position" regardless mutations in the target site. regards, andre van der wurff From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Thu Oct 16 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!internet!biosci!not-for-mail From: biohelp (BIOSCI Administrator) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: BIOSCI/bionet miniFAQ & Fundraiser Date: 17 Oct 1997 02:00:06 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 233 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199710170900.CAA09445@net.bio.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net (LAST REVISION: 30-JUL-95) This BIOSCI "miniFAQ" is designed to answer the questions that come up the *most frequently*. The main BIOSCI FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) is accessible on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.bio.net/. 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You can do two important things which will take very little time for you individually and will immensely help us continue to help you. First, please use our WWW system at http://www.bio.net/ to access the archives. You can post or reply to messages via your Web browser as described in item #1 below. Your usage helps attract sponsors. If you contact any of our sponsors, please be sure to thank them for supporting BIOSCI. It is critical for them to get this feedback if they are to continue their sponsorship for the long term. Second, if you work for a company or organization that provides products or services of interest to the biology community, please pass this message on to your marketing or marketing communications department or other appropriate group. Please ask them to help support BIOSCI by sponsoring our Web site and explain the uses and benefits of the system to the biology community. If they are interested, they can then contact us for further information at our tech support address, biosci-help@net.bio.net. 1) Using the WWW to access the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups. -------------------------------------------------------- As of 10 December 1995, all BIOSCI/bionet full newsgroups are accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW) at URL http://www.bio.net. One can read and reply publicly or privately to both recent postings and archived messages through one's Web browser if it is configured properly to send e-mail. Each newsgroup is equipped with its own WAIS index. The main BIOSCI home page also has access to the BIO-JOURNALS Table of Contents database WAIS index and the BIOSCI user address database described in another item further below. 2) What to do about "spams," i.e., junk mail, ads, etc. ------------------------------------------------------- BIOSCI is a set of parallel USENET newsgroups (the "bionet" groups), mailing lists, and a hypermail archive at URL http://www.bio.net/. The same postings are distributed on all media (except for a small number of mailing-list-only groups at net.bio.net). Unfortunately it is becoming a despicable practice on the Internet (by a few people out to make a fast buck) to do automated mass postings to thousands of newsgroups and mailing lists. These attempts to grab free advertising are refered to as "spams" in the usual, somewhat boneheaded, net terminology. USENET is more susceptible to this practice, and many spams originate on the USENET groups and then are passed on to the mailing lists. However, spammers also get lists of mailing addresses and hit these too, so neither medium is immune. What should you do personally if you get junk mail? --------------------------------------------------- Just delete it and move on without reading it further. Filing a protest is becoming increasingly useless because spammers are often disguising the addresses where the messages are sent from. Unless you really understand Internet mail systems, your attempt at protest by sending replies to the message will often end up being sent to the address of an innocent person that the spammer is victimizing. What can BIOSCI/bionet do to protect its newsgroups? ---------------------------------------------------- The only solution currently available is to moderate the newsgroup. If this newsgroup is already moderated, then you are in good shape. Moderation protects the USENET distribution from about 95% of the spams that are being sent to date and protects the mailing lists completely. Moderation means, however, that someone has to take the time to review each message before it goes out. We have set up software here that simply allows the moderator to forward to an address at net.bio.net messages that (s)he wishes to have distributed. This takes no more time than that needed to read the message and pass it on, say about 1 min. per message. Most newsgroups currently have a discussion leader who is responsible for their newsgroup. The discussions leaders and their e-mail addresses are listed in the BIOSCI Information Sheet which is available on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. If a newsgroup is being hit with too many junk postings, please contact the discussion leader for that group and see if there is interest in moderating the group. Please do not assume that by simply posting a complaint to the newsgroup itself, anyone on the BIOSCI staff will act on your complaint. With close to 100 newsgroups to run, the BIOSCI staff has to rely on the discussion leaders of each newsgroup to report problems directly to us at biosci-help@net.bio.net. We will moderate any of our newsgroups if the discussion leader tells us that the readership of the group wishes to do so and if a moderator is willing to do the work. For most BIOSCI/bionet groups, this entails only a few minutes of work each day. Moderating a newsgroup will resolve probably 95% of the junk postings on the USENET distribution. Unfortunately there are easy ways for determined spammers to override the moderation mechanism on USENET, but we can protect our e-mail subscribers from unwanted postings if the newsgroup is moderated. You can also access our newsgroups over the WWW at URL http://www.bio.net. While this Web interface will not stop spammers from trying to post to the groups, this will give you yet another way, besides using USENET news, to keep the junk out of your personal mail files. For those of you with local USENET news systems, the Web interface will also give you faster access to new newsgroups and recent postings. 3) Examples of subscribing and unsubscribing to the mailing lists. ------------------------------------------------------------------ PLEASE NOTE: The BIOSCI management does NOT act on subscription/unsubscription requests that are posted improperly to the newsgroups and mailing lists. People who do this only bother everyone on the lists to no avail. Please be sure to follow the proper procedures below. Gory details are in the BIOSCI Information sheets on the Web at http://www.bio.net. Below we give an example utilizing the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list at both of our two BIOSCI sites: Users in the Americas and Pacific Rim countries who use the BIOSCI ------------------------------------------------------------------ node at computer net.bio.net: ---------------------------- A) Determine the "listname" which is the <=8 character mail address ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ for the group. These can be found in the BIOSCI Info. Sheet. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS group the mailing address is methods@net.bio.net. The listname is the portion of the address to the left of the @ sign, i.e., "methods". The listname is used with the "subscribe" and "unsubscribe" commands illustrated below. B) Mail all commands in the body of a mail message addressed to biosci-server@net.bio.net. Do NOT send commands to the newsgroup posting addresses! Leave the Subject: line blank, any text on it will be ignored. C) In the body of your message put one or more of the following commands with an "end" command on the last line, e.g., subscribe methods unsubscribe methods end Do NOT put your e-mail address or other text on these lines. The server only allows you to cancel your subscription if the address on your mail header matches the address on our mailing list. Please ask for help at biosci-help@net.bio.net if your address has changed, e.g., if you know you are on the list but the server tells you that you are not a member. Users in Europe, Africa, and Central Asia who use the BIOSCI node at -------------------------------------------------------------------- computer daresbury.ac.uk (also known as dl.ac.uk): ------------------------------------------------- To subscribe and unsubscribe to/from the BIOSCI lists, you need to specify the full USENET newsgroup name with "bionet-news." prepended. The USENET newsgroup names are listed in the BIOSCI Information sheet on the Web at http://www.bio.net/. For the METHODS-AND-REAGENTS list the USENET newsgroup name is bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts, thus the appropriate commands are sub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts unsub bionet-news.bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts These commands are included in a message addressed to mxt@dl.ac.uk, NOT to the newsgroup mailing addresses. As usual, include the text in the body of the message as text on the Subject: line is ignored. To unsubscribe from all the lists at the UK node, use unsub bionet-news Please note that if the address in the list is different than the one in your mail message header, you will not be able to unsubscribe by this method. If you have problems, please mail biosci@daresbury.ac.uk. 4) The BIOSCI user address and research interest directory. ----------------------------------------------------------- Please take this opportunity to add your name, address, and research interest information to the BIOSCI User Address Database if you have not already done so. You can fill out the address form directly through our Web page at URL http://www.bio.net/adrform.html. The address database is reindexed nightly for WWW access (the URL is http://www.bio.net/). If you are not directly on the Internet but can reach it by e-mail, please use our waismail server to access the user directory. waismail use is described above. You can also request a user address form by e-mail from biosci-help@net.bio.net. Please check your database entry from time-to-time to see if your address information is still up-to-date. Because of our limited personnel resources, we ask that you resubmit a *complete* form to revise your entry; we only replace complete entries and do not have resources to edit old forms. From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Thu Oct 16 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!mserv1.dl.ac.uk!not-for-mail From: Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: subscribe Date: 17 Oct 1997 06:42:58 +0100 Lines: 2 Sender: lpddist@mserv1.dl.ac.uk Distribution: bionet Message-ID: <626tt2$pcg@mserv1.dl.ac.uk> >From: sood@NDRI.ren.nic.in Original-To: bio-jrnl@dl.ac.uk, bio-soft@dl.ac.uk, methods@dl.ac.uk, molmodel@dl.ac.uk, proteins@dl.ac.uk, rapd@dl.ac.uk From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Thu Oct 23 23:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!NDRI.ren.nic.in!sood From: sood@NDRI.ren.nic.in Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: (none) Date: 24 Oct 1997 01:39:17 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 12 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199710240847.OAA25697@ren.ren.nic.in> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Dear netters I wish to undertake RAPD work for estabilishing relationships / charatarization of bacterial isolates. I would greatly appreciate if you can give me a start. Thanks in advance. S K Sood Scientist E-mail:sood@ndri.ren.nic.in From owner-rapd@net.bio.net Wed Oct 29 22:00:00 1997 Path: biosci!daresbury!uninett.no!news.maxwell.syr.edu!EU.net!sun4nl!193.67.144.10.MISMATCH!news.iaf.nl!Zwolle.NL.net!Utrecht.NL.net!hoolwerf From: hoolwerf@solair1.inter.NL.net (hoolwerf@solair1.inter.nl.net) Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.rapd Subject: (positive) control in RAPD Date: Thu, 30 Oct 1997 14:34:25 GMT +02 Organization: The Fractal Lover Lines: 43 Message-ID: <09843ba4@solair1.inter.NL.net> Reply-To: hoolwerf@solair1.inter.NL.net NNTP-Posting-Host: ah51-26.arnhem.nl.net Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable To: All X-MailConverter: Soup2pkt 2.1 (Light) Hello, Last week i had problems with an RAPD system that normally functions well.= I do not know exactly what caused it but probably a contaminated or detoriated primer. All this brings me to the question: how can i put some "quality control" i= nto my RAPD assay? A negative control is possible, and i have done that, but it does not give= exactly the same response every day. As far as i know minute traces of DNA= can trigger patterns and who can always work without the slightest of traces o= f DNA ?! A positive control would be very nice: every set of reactions accompanied = with a control that gives (or should give) always the same, prefarably simple, pattern so it's easy to see if all went well. But.. what type of DNA should i use? Or buy? Perhaps a good quality of DNA= used for making markers? Any ideas? with regards, Jan Hoolwerf ******************* these words were mine, all mine !! *******************= * J.D. Hoolwerf Neth. Inst. for Dairy Research P.O. Box 20 phone : 31=AD318=AD659511 6710 BA Ede fax : 31=AD318=AD650400 the Netherlands e=ADmail : hoolwerf@solair1.inter.nl.n= et **************************************************************************= *