From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 02 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!FLATHEAD.DNRC.MT.GOV!comptona From: comptona@FLATHEAD.DNRC.MT.GOV (Art Compton) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: (none) Date: 3 Apr 1995 09:02:27 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 1 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9504031600.AA01426@sparc.sparc.dnrc.mt.gov> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net unsubscribe emf-bio From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 02 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!uunet!inews.intel.com!itnews.intel.com!chnews!ornews.intel.com!news.jf.intel.com!psinntp!psinntp!rebecca!tethys.ph.albany.edu!TIVOL From: tivol@tethys.ph.albany.edu Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: A troubling and recurring problem Date: 30 Mar 1995 21:09:28 GMT Organization: SUNYA School of Public Health, Albany, NY Lines: 24 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3lf6m8$6un@rebecca.albany.edu> References: <9503281602.AA06554@bighorn> Reply-To: tivol@tethys.ph.albany.edu NNTP-Posting-Host: tethys.ph.albany.edu In article <9503281602.AA06554@bighorn>, rictell@ACCESSNV.COM (AccessNevada) writes: > >The most stringent, scientifically based, recommendation at present for >human exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields is that of the IRPA >(International Radiation Protection Association) which specifies a magnetic >flux density of 1 gauss (0.1 mT) for continuous, whole-body exposure. [snip] > So, on the one hand, it would appear that the client has >nothing to worry about (i.e., there are not exceedances of the most >stringent guideline) and, yet, if one were to take at face value the results >from several epi type studies, there may still be reason for concern. Dear Ric, The guidelines for ionizing radiation have changed from 10^4 mr/day in 1902 to 50 rem/yr in 1931 to 5 rem/yr at present (for a radiation worker-- the guideline for the general public is 0.5 rem/yr). Average exposure from the environment is ~0.05 rem/yr--much less than guidelines. IMHO, the situa- tions are analogous; the guidelines will probably be reduced if research shows biological effects. The ALARA principle--keeping exposures As Low As Reason- ably Achievable--is prudent for emf exposure. Thus, unless there are benefits to exposure, it should be avoided. Yours, Bill Tivol From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 03 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!umn.edu!newsdist.tc.umn.edu!mayonews.mayo.edu!usenet From: Ben Brinkmann Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Ion channels Date: 4 Apr 1995 19:05:27 GMT Organization: Mayo Foundation Lines: 12 Message-ID: <3ls59n$ovr@fermat.mayo.edu> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: trooper.mayo.edu Winters_Lab@MACTEL.UTHSCSA.EDU (Winters Lab) wrote: > > Is anyone familiar with the effects of 60 Hz EMF on > ion channels and ion distribution in neuronal cell lines? The only thing I've heard is some work done by Sandy Hellman at the U of Illinois on how the cell membrane capacitance changes with AC EMF on the order of 60 Hz. Changing the capacitance would probably affect ion channels, in neural tissues as well as others. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 03 23:00:00 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.microbiology,bionet.genome.chromosomes,bionet.genome.chrom22,bionet.general,bionet.emf-bio Path: biosci!ns1.faseb.org!darwin.sura.net!nih-csl!lhc!news From: recipon@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (Herve Recipon) Subject: Improvements to BLAST databases Message-ID: <1995Apr4.160758.3529@nlm.nih.gov> Sender: news@nlm.nih.gov Reply-To: recipon@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Organization: National Center for Biotechnology Information Date: Tue, 4 Apr 95 16:07:58 GMT Lines: 91 Xref: biosci bionet.microbiology:1910 bionet.genome.chromosomes:532 bionet.general:14484 bionet.emf-bio:230 As part of NCBI's ongoing efforts to provide BLAST users with access to the most up-to-date, comprehensive and useful databases, the following changes are planned for BLAST databases: 1) Closer synchronization between BLAST and other NCBI databases. 2) Separation of EST data from other non-redundant nucleotide sequences. 3) A new non-redundant protein sequence database. 4) Discontinued support for seldom-used or unmaintained databases. We expect to implement these changes in July 1995. More details about each proposed change are provided below. If you have any questions or concerns, please direct them to blast-help@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Closer synchronization between BLAST and other databases: BLAST databases will be built from the same source data that are now used for Entrez, the Retrieve e-mail server and the daily updates. This means that sequences identified in a BLAST search will always be accessible from NCBI search services. As part of the project to improve synchrony among BLAST and other forms of the sequence databases, every sequence will have a unique identifier called the "gi" number. The gi number of an entry changes with each update to the sequence data, something not necessarily true for the accession number or locus name. This will allow Entrez or Retrieve users to be certain that they are retrieving exactly the same revision of the sequence identified by BLAST. Additionally a gi number allows easy automated retrieval of sequences from database interfaces. Retrieval by accession number or locus name will, of course, continue to be supported. The non-redundant BLAST nucleotide databases contain all of the data submitted to the international sequence database collaborators: GenBank, EMBL and DDBJ. Since data are quickly exchanged among the three, there is no need to search them individually. Therefore the option of specifying a specific database will be removed. Users may be assured of searching all publically available sequences, regardless of the database of origin. Separation of EST data: In order to give users more control over their BLAST searches, the EST division will be split off from the other GenBank divisions. This separation is necessitated by the phenomenal growth in the EST division, which will increase by about 4000 to 6000 sequences/week until the summer of 1996. Partitioning the non-redundant database will assure that non-EST matches are not masked by the tremendous number of EST sequences. Conversely it will be straightforward to search the EST division and be assured of only EST hits. While this change will require that some users modify their search strategy, we believe that the ability to better specify the contents of the database will make BLAST searches much more productive for most users. The reconfigured databases will retain the names "nr" and "dbest" so as not to break existing scripts. The "new" nr will also differ from the current non-redundant nucleotide database in having a common origin with Entrez and other NCBI source databases. New non-redundant protein sequence database: The protein sequences now available in Entrez will be searchable in a non-redundant database called "nr". This database will be comprised of pdb; swiss-prot; pir sequences not found in pdb or swiss-prot; prf not covered in pdb, swiss-prot or pir; and all conceptual translations from GenBank sequences not in any of the other databases. As with the non-redundant nucleotide database, the nr protein database will be derived from the same source as Entrez and other NCBI databases. A second new protein sequence database containing only sequences from swiss-prot and pdb will also be available. This database, called "spdb", will allow users to restrict searches to these two highly annotated sources. Discontinued support for databases: The Kabat, EPD, and TFD databases are either infrequently used or not regularly updated. Therefore BLAST access to these databases will be discontinued. --blast-help@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 03 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!lien.u-nancy.fr!claverie From: claverie@lien.u-nancy.fr (CLAVERIE Remy) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE 3rd EBEA CONGRESS Date: 4 Apr 1995 15:07:15 -0700 Organization: Laboratoire d'Instrumentation en Electronique de Nancy Lines: 63 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <3lp7tt$j07@arcturus.ciril.fr> Reply-To: claverie@lien.u-nancy.fr (CLAVERIE Remy) NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Some of you told me that the file mail.doc was unreadable so, I post it again. For more informations, send a mail to: ebea.nancy96@lien.u-nancy.fr Thank you ANNOUCEMENT AND FIRST CALL FOR PAPERS 3 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF the European BioElectromagnetics Association 29 FEB-2 MARCH 1996 linked with COST 244 CONGRESS : 2-3 march 1996 at "Le Palais des Congrès" NANCY, France The purpose of the third international EBEA congress is to provide an international meeting for scientific exchange on the fields of research involving electromagnetic interactions with biological tissues. Physical, mathematical and biological scientists, engineers and physicians and other people interested in the Interaction of Electromagnetic fields with biological systems are expected at the Congress The Congress of the European COST Project 244 (Biomedical effects of Electromagnetic Fields) will be held also at "Le Palais des Congrès", Nancy , 2 and 3 march 1996, linked with the EBEA Congress The technical and scientific program consists on 3 days of plenary and technical sessions with general and specific interests (see topics below). The poster sessions will include platform presentation and prizes will be awarded to authors of the best poster. The student paper competition will provide opportunities for yopung researchers worldwide to present their work to panels of experts and achieve special recognition and awards from the scientific Community Deadlines : Abstracts Will not be accepted after december first 1995 Additionnal registration fees are requested after january 15 , 1996 Topics of the E.B.E.A. CONGRESS Physical aspects : Theoretical considerations for bioeffects of EMF's ; Mathematical modeling ; EMF simulation inside biological bodies ; Numerical methods ; Physical and biochemical bases of cellular interaction mechanisms. Physical modeling : EM properties of biological tissues, phantoms ; Methodology of measured EMF quantities ; Measurement techniques and existing instrumentation ; Experimental guidelines for laboratory experiments .Hazardous EMF and biological effects : Biological response to EMF ; low frequency bioeffects ; High frequency bioeffects ; EMF interaction mechanisms and exposure evaluation ; Electrical injury ; Biological effects of High and low power EMF ; Electric field effects on nerve regeneration. Therapeutic applications and evaluation of EMI Evaluation of treatment methods and devices based on EMI ; Hyperthermia, ablathermia, stimulation, etc. ; Wound healing ; EM- field enhanced soft tissue repair We invite you to come and share your scientific work with colleagues from both Europe and other parts of the world. We are sure you will enjoy becoming acquainted with the latest developpments in the EMI and visiting Nancy and the famous beautiful "Place Stanislas". Plan to participate and return the attached application form Registration, hotel reservation and abstract forms will be sent after reception of this application form. Congress Chairmen : Gérard PRIEUR and Mustapha NADI Correspondance : EBEA-Nancy 96 L.I.E.N. University Henri POINCARÉ - Nancy 1 Tél. : (33) 83 91 20 71 BP 239 - 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Fax : (33) 83 91 23 91 France e-mail : ebea.nancy96@lien.u-nancy.fr From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Tue Apr 04 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!nntp.hk.super.net!tst.hk.super.net!slip45.hk.super.net!user From: jtsinz@hk.super.net (Joachim Sinz) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Effects of cellular phones Date: Wed, 05 Apr 1995 15:16:17 +0800 Organization: JFS Lines: 9 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: slip45.hk.super.net Can anyone tell me what is the present situation regarding research into possible effects on humans of radiation from cellular pones? -- Joachim Sinz Deutsche Telekom Asia 6708 Central Plaza 18 Harbour Road WANCHAI, Hong Kong From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 05 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!uunet.uu.net!afrey From: afrey@uunet.uu.net (Allan Frey) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: ms accepted by FASEB J. Date: 5 Apr 1995 10:21:22 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 16 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: The following paper has been accepted for publication in the FASEB Journal. I expect it to appear this summer. Possible mechanisms by which extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect opioid function by F.S. Prato, J. Carson, K. Ossenkopp and M. Kavaliers. Allan Allan H. Frey email afrey@uunet.uu.net 11049 Seven Hill Lane voice 301.299.5181 Potomac, MD 20854, USA From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 05 23:00:00 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Path: biosci!daresbury!trane.uninett.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news.starnet.net!wupost!news.utdallas.edu!corpgate!bcarh189.bnr.ca!nott!cunews!freenet.carleton.ca!FreeNet.Carleton.CA!ab190 From: ab190@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Richard W. Woodley) Subject: EMF Information Service Message-ID: Sender: ab190@freenet2.carleton.ca (Richard W. Woodley) Reply-To: ab190@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Richard W. Woodley) Organization: The National Capital FreeNet Date: Wed, 5 Apr 1995 23:11:33 GMT Lines: 81 As there have been a number of inquiries lately about EMF information sources I am reposting the following notice: BRIDLEWOOD EMF INFORMATION SERVICE UPDATED The Bridlewood Residents Hydro Line Committee (BRHLC) has brought in the New Year by updating all the information on its National Capital Freenet (NCF) EMF Information Service. On January 1, 1995 updated information files were uploaded onto the system. Over the past years concerns over electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have continued to grow. In the past year new studies have come out linking EMFs to Alzheimer's Disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). As well further studies have confirmed the links to childhood cancer and leukemia. Community struggles continue as more and more communities organize to protect themselves and take on the utility industry, particulary concerning EMFs and schools. Bring yourself up-to-date on this issue by dialling into the freenet and entering "go brhlc" to read the latest information. The information files include: About the Bridlewood Residents Hydro Line Committee; History of the Bridlewood Hydro Line Struggle; Electromagnetic Fields and Health; Electromagnetic Fields and Schools and Playgrounds; Hydro Line and EMF Struggles Around the World; Sources of Electromagnetic Fields and How to Avoid Them; Bibliography and EMF Information Sources; and Extensive Bibliography on EMFs and Health (over 1,000 entries). Also included are information files on other EMF organizations: Coalition to Reduce Electropollution; National EMR Alliance; Planetary Association for Clean Energy Inc.; and Prudent Residents Opposed To Electric Cable Transmission. The system also provides a local discussion group on EMFs where you can ask questions or discuss the EMF issue. We have also added, in the last year, access to other Internet EMF resources, including: EMF-BIO Usenet Newsgroup; EMFLDS-L Mailing List; and EMF-Link. EMF-Link is a World Wide Web Server oriented to the biological effects of electric and magnetic fields. It is a multimedia resource directed to researchers as well as the general public. EMF-Link is prepared by Information Ventures, Inc. and includes information from the bimonthly EMF Health Report and quarterly BENER Digest Update. The NCF can be accessed by anyone with a computer and modem by dialling (613) 564-3600 (2400 baud) or 564-0808 (high speed) or via telnet at "freenet.carleton.ca" (134.117.1.25). To access the Hydro Line Committee section of the NCF type "go brhlc" at the "Your Choice" prompt anywhere within the NCF menu system. If you do not have access to the National Capital Freenet the information files are available via FTP at a site operated by Paul J. Guy at the University of Waterloo. The FTP address is "gaitlab1.uwaterloo.ca" and the file is under "pub/em/BRHLC" as "BRHLC.ref". Please note that ftp is case sensitive. If you do not have FTP capability you can request copies of our information files by internet e-mail.The Bridlewood Residents Hydro Line Committee can be reached via e-mail at "ab190@freenet.carleton.ca" from virtually anywhere in the world, or from within the NCF at "ab190". If you are not registered on the NCF but have World Wide Web access the URL for EMF-Link is: "http://infoventures.microserve.com". The National Capital Freenet is located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. -- 30 -- -- ************************ Richard W. Woodley ************************** ab190@freenet.carleton.ca. | rwoodley@pipsc.ca Bridlewood Residents Hydro Line |Indexer-Analyst, Index and Reference Committee EMF Information Service| Service, House of Commons (Canada) From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sat Apr 08 23:00:00 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Path: biosci!daresbury!trane.uninett.no!nac.no!Norway.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uwm.edu!caen!usenet.cis.ufl.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!news-feed-1.peachnet.edu!insosf1.infonet.net!solaris.cc.vt.edu!news.duke.edu!godot.cc.duq.edu!newsfeed.pitt.edu!uunet!in1.uu.net!hodes.com!netcomsv!uucp3.netcom.com!lafn.org!lafn.org!ai808 From: ai808@lafn.org (Ellen Stern Harris) Subject: Re: 60 Hz Magnetic Fields - Bio-Effects and Standard Message-ID: <1995Apr6.025850.2644@lafn.org> Sender: news@lafn.org Nntp-Posting-Host: lafn.org Reply-To: ai808@lafn.org (Ellen Stern Harris) Organization: The Los Angeles Free-Net References: <3l45cp$itf@raffles.technet.sg> Date: Thu, 6 Apr 1995 02:58:50 GMT Lines: 240 While research into EMF is progressing (hopefully) I believe we cannot await perfect scientific understanding before dealing with the societal effects of elevated levels of EMF. An entire, new victim class is being created where elevated levels of EMF in proximity to power facilities, makes the sale of a home virtually impossible. Foreclosures are often the result today. Any suggestions with regard to social equity and economic justice concepts would be gratefully received. Public policy must be addressed in such matters as it may be many years before the scientific answers we seek are available. Thank you. Ellen Stern Harris / Fund for the Environment In a previous article, clydexi@technet.sg (XI WeiGuo) says: > >Hi, Everyone: > > >One week ago, I posted my inquiry on the standard of exposure >limit of 60 Hz magnetic fields from electric appliances (see the >included file at the end of this mail). I have received more >than a dozen responses and I'd like to take this opportunity to >thank those who shared with me their views, experience and >knowledge. One reader asked me to post a summary on the >responses. Many readers also expressed great interest in and >desire for wide and quick exchange of information on ELF >(extremely low frequency) magnetic fields and their potential >bio-effects. Therefore, I've decided to post this summary to >this news-group. I must seek forgiveness from those who >responded to my inquiry for not having asked their permission >first. > >First of all, I have to admit that the words EMC >(electromagnetic compatibility) used in my inquiry is not >entirely appropriate since the subject concerned in EMC is >electrical and electronic not biological system. However, they >are not totally unrelated. When I was reading and pondering on >the issue of 60 Hz magnetic fields, I wanted to know if there is >any regulation/standard to control the emission level. I found >there are a range of EMC standards but none of them is for the >60 Hz magnetic field. I feel industry folks are rather >unconcerned with this field. I guess this is not due to their >knowledge but the surviving philosophy - why should I bother >this if my products are not subject to such a standard. In fact, >whether we are concerned with the interference to a piece of >equipment or exposure to human being, a standard should be put >in place to set a limit, though the limit differs for different >concerns ... I hope the scope of EMC could one day extend to >include bio-systems. Well, these are just a few thoughts of mine >which are intended for clarification but may have led to more >confusions/discussions :-). Now let me present the summary. > >Of all the responses, two believe no need for such a standard. >The major argument is that human being has been exposed to this >energy for a long time (since 1895?) and our health and >life-span have been greatly improved. There would be abundant >medical and health evidence available if it were a problem. In >spite of this argument, one of them still thinks further >research necessary. > >Two readers clearly indicated that there should be a standard >which regulates the emission of ELF magnetic fields and believe >such a standard will be set in the near future "as the society >become more dependent on electric power and people are educated >about the potential risks it presents". One point I'd like to >add is that the emission from high voltage power lines have been >enjoying a wide media coverage and public sensation but the >fields from home appliances are relatively less known to the >public. In fact, these magnetic fields are not really weaker >than those from power lines, esp., ones from the appliance in >proximity of the user are posing greater potential risks, such >as hair-drier, shaver, electric blanket, hand- held drill, >electric saw, computer monitor, and the head-mounted VDU (used >in VR-virtual reality). > >Most readers feel that the scientific evidence presented from >much research work on the bio-effects of 60 Hz magnetic fields >is not repeatable and convincing, but one reader, a >psychologist, does not agree. He referred to many extensive >research investigations which have shown the effects on human >and animal behaviour and physiology very reproducible at all of >the noted strengths - both strong (1.5+ Tesla) and weak (10-40 >uTesla, 20-150 nTesla) fields. The strongest effects on human >behavior due to emf (electro-motive force) have been shown at >the range of 10-100 uT. Considering that a bedside electric >alarm clock could give this range, a legislation concerning emf >should be in place definitively. In fact, as another reader >mentioned that, back in 1989, there was an emf bill before the >House but it died on the floor twice. > >In the absence of stronger scientific evidence, several readers >agree with the principle of prudent avoidance. This principle >can lead to a closer guidance but not an immediate mandatory >standard. > >Regarding whether a standard exists for governing the exposure >to 60 Hz magnetic field, the answers are varying and confusing. >It is not always easy for me to tell which one is a regulation >(I mean mandatory standard) and which one is a guidance or even >just a recommendation. Nevertheless, they all help me to >understand the situation since a standard often emerges from a >guideline which in turn can result from a recommendation. What >adds to the complexity is a range of uncertainties associated - >1. whether it is international, regional such as EEC (Europe >Economic Community), national, or provincial, 2. whether it is >applied to the public or to a specific occupation such as >medical or military, 3. whether it is out-dated, latest, or the >one yet to be approved ... Below I quote some of the >standard/regulation the readers referred. > >- International Radiation Protection Association have recently >developed a three-year interim standard (meaning of "interim"?) > >- American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (I even don't >understand industrial hygienists, does the public have to comply >with the rules set by this conference?); > >- United Kingdom National Radiological Protection Board. > >- Florida, New Jersey and Minnesota in US have adopted magnetic >field limits at the edge of the right-of-way of transmission >lines and the limits are not health-based. > >- Two states, NY and Florida have regulations regarding magnetic >fields that stipulate that the field at the edge of the >right-of-way must be less than 200 mG (200 mG = 20 uT) > >- ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation >Protection has issued "Interim guidelines on exposure 50/60 Hz >fields". > >- European Harmonised Standards for Emission and Immunity, not >necessarily interference to biochemistry. > >- Military Standards: MIL-STD-461D, -462, -463, and Defence >Standards: DEF-STAN 59-41 (EMC based?) > >- There is an old FDA guideline, MDS-201- 0004, Oct. 1979, which >recommends that medical devices to be immuned to a magnetic >field of 1 uT. > >... > >It seems that there is no standard (I mean mandated) which gives >an emission limit for 50/60 Hz fields based on health and >bio-compatibility. The exposure limit has been given by various >organisations only as a guideline and the rationale for the >limit is based on the electric current induced inside human >body. In IRPA/INIRC (International Non-Ionizing Radiation >Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association) >guidelines (1990), the following range of the current density >and associated bio-effects are cited: > > * 0.1 - 1 uA/cm2: minor biological effects (the currents >normally occur in the body is about this level. Based on my >computer simulation result, this level corresponds to a uniform >60 Hz magnetic field of 10 - 100uT); > > * 1- 10 uA/cm2: well-established effects, including those on >visual and nervous systems; > > * 10-100 uA/cm2: stimulation of excitable tissue; possible >health hazards; > > * above 100 uA/cm2: extrasystoles and ventricular fibrillation >can occur. > > >Although not mandatory, the guidelines are important in many >aspects. As one reader pointed out, the utility and public >health officers might have to take them into consideration when >planning a new project or responding to public concerns. They >can also affect the government's policy making. With the general >acceptance of the principle of prudent avoidance, we will see >more guidelines to be introduced. However, only when the >scientific evidence on the bio-effects becomes prevailing, will >a standard be put in place. > >You are welcomed to discuss or comment on the above summary, or >discuss the related issues. Please post your mail to these >news-group. I hope there will be more discussion and exchange of >ideas (not fire!) on the mechanism of field-bio interaction, >measurement technique, new regulation and design idea for a less >emission. > > >Best regards. > > >Clyde Xi Weiguo >Electrical Engineering Dept >Singapore Polytechnic > > > >------------------ INCLUDE FILE ----------------------------- > > >On Sun, 19 Mar 1995, XI WeiGuo wrote: > >Recently, I have read a number of articles on the magnetic field >from 60 Hz electric appliances (such as electric blanket, >washing machine, hair-dryer, shaver, stove, heater, >hand-drill, electric saw, TV, ...) and the bioeffects it may >cause. In the article Today's View of Magnetic Fields (IEEE >Spectrum, Dec 94), the author took a stand of prudent >avoidance and mentioned some products need to be re-designed for >the sake of a safer home, safer office and safer workshop. > >I myself did one-year research on computer simulation of induced >electric current/fields inside human body from 60 Hz magnetic >fields. The field profile is as complicated as expected. The >peak-to-average ratio is very large and more so if the >resolution of the simulation is improved. However, whether the >field is safe or not is up to biomed folks to answer. This may >take much more work and time than normally people think and I >feel we barely understand how EM energy interacts with >bio-system. Perhaps, it can be another 10, or 20 years before >we know the answer. Therefore, the prudent avoidance policy >is not a bad idea. > >NOW MY QUESTION: > >IS THERE ANY EMC STANDARD GOVERNING THE EXPOSURE TO 60 HZ >H-FIELD? > >IF NOT, DO YOU FORESEE SUCH A STANDARD TO BE SET IN NEAR FUTURE? > >DO YOU THINK IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE SUCH A STANDARD IMPOSED? > >-------------------------------------------------------------- > > > From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sat Apr 08 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!Germany.EU.net!EU.net!uunet!nntp.hk.super.net!tst.hk.super.net!slip123.hk.super.net!user From: ericjs@hk.super.net (Eric Spain) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Any more recent evidence? Followup-To: bionet.emf-bio Date: 9 Apr 1995 15:15:05 GMT Organization: Hong Kong SuperNET Lines: 43 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: slip123.hk.super.net Help needed. The U.K. Institution of Electrical Engineers formed a committee which undertook a study of available literature and published a report ÒThe Possible Biological Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic FieldsÓ (July 1991). One of its conclusions was: ÒThe large literature on laboratory studies is seriously undermined by the lack of replication and the absence of national/international co-ordination of research effort. At present there is no widely accepted experiments which can demonstrate any biological effect of low level electromagnetic fields.Ó In the body of the report, they discuss and seem to accept the findings of a number of studies but conclude that they do not constitute evidence because they have not been replicated nor are Ôwidely acceptedÕ. Other people have accepted the results of biological effects but say that there is no proof that these effects can cause cancer. I wonder if anyone can help me on the following questions: Has there been, since this 1991 report, anything which would appear to satisfy the members of the IEE committee in respect of the quoted conclusion? Apart from the many hypotheses about the e-m effects possibly leading to cancer, is there any more recent experimental work which makes this possibility stronger or weaker? Is there anyone undertaking experiments towards this end? When are results expected? Any other assistance in this area would be greatly appreciated. I feel that epidemiological studies cannot yield results which will be Ôwidely acceptedÕ because of the large number of variables. Replicated laboratory experiments seems to offer a more positive way. Or am I being naive? Many thanks, Eric Spain From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 09 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!TCE.ING.UNIROMA1.IT!dinzeo From: dinzeo@TCE.ING.UNIROMA1.IT (Guglielmo D'Inzeo) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Ion channels Date: 10 Apr 1995 06:31:59 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 71 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Winters_Lab@MACTEL.UTHSCSA.EDU (Winters Lab) wrote: >Is anyone familiar with the effects of 60 Hz EMF on >ion channels and ion distribution in neuronal cell lines? Our group published some papers on modelling of EM field action on neurons (ELF and MW). P. Bernardi, G. D'Inzeo, "A Nonlinear Analysis of the Effects of Transient Electromagnetic Fields on Excitable Membranes", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-32, n=B0 7, July 1984, pp. 670-679= . P. Bernardi, G. D'Inzeo, F. Eusebi, "Responses of a Neuronal Membrane to Applied Sinusoidal Currents"; Cell Biophysics, Boston (USA), vol. 7, 1985, pp.185-195. P. Bernardi, G.D'Inzeo, S. Pisa, "Analysis of the Interaction between Microwave Fields and Snail Neurons by an Ionic Model of the Membrane Electrical Activity",Alta Frequenza, Special Issue on "Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and Safety Standards", Vol LVIII, n=B04; July 1989= , pp. 341-348. P. Bernardi, G. D'Inzeo, S. Pisa, and J.C. Lin, "Effects of Low Frequency Modulated Microwaves on Neuronal Cell Activity," in "Recent Italian Advances in Applied Electromagnetics", G. Franceschetti ed., Napoli, Dicembre 1991, pp 515-531. G. D'Inzeo, S. Pisa, L; Tarricone, "Ionic Channel Gating under Electromagnetic Exposure: A Stochastic Model", Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, vol. vol. 29, pp. 289-304, Feb. 1993. L.Tarricone, C. Cito, and G.D'Inzeo, "ACh Receptor Channel's Interaction with MW Fields", Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, vol. 30, March 1993, pp. 93-102. P. Bernardi, G.D'Inzeo, S. Pisa,"A Theoretical Model of Snail Neurons' Electrical Activity"; IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering, February 1994. There are also some papers on experiments performed using " Patch-Clamp techinique": "Ca2+ Ion Transport Through Patch-Clamped Cells Exposed to Magnetic" Fields Per Hojevik, John Sandblom, Sheila Galt, and Yngve Hamnerius Bioelectromagnetics, VOLUME 16, Number 1, 1995 , p. 33. G. D'Inzeo, P. Bernardi, F. Eusebi, F. Grassi, C. Tamburello, B.M. Zani, "Effects of Microwaves on the Acetylcholine-induced Channels in Cultured Chick Myotubes", Bioelectromagnetics, New York (Usa),vol 4, 1988, pp. 363-372. P. Bernardi, G. D'Inzeo, F. Eusebi, C. Tamburello, "The Patch-clamp Method in the Study of the Electromagnetic Field Effects on Biological Structures", Alta Frequenza, Special Issue on "Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and Safety Standards", Vol LVIII, n=B04; July 1989, pp. 355-360. _____________________________ Guglielmo D'Inzeo Dept. of Electronic Engineering University "La Sapienza" of Rome Via Eudossiana 18 00198 ROMA Phone: +39 6 44585853 =46ax: +39 6 4742647 E-Mail: dinzeo@tce.ing.uniroma1.it From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 09 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!CYMBAL.AIX.CALPOLY.EDU!dhafemei From: dhafemei@CYMBAL.AIX.CALPOLY.EDU (David W Hafemeister) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: 60 Hz Magnetic Fields - Bio-Effects and Standard Date: 10 Apr 1995 09:41:44 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 15 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: References: <1995Apr6.025850.2644@lafn.org> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net In response to Ellen Stern Harris. It would seem that emf can't be mitigated on an isolated basis. It would seem that the finite resources of our society have to be prioritized in some way. It would seem that one has to have some kind of consensus on epidemiology and biophysics experiments. Can you point me to the documents that will show this consensus. What bio experiment says this causes cancer. What bio experiment know the coupling constant? Then tell me now much to spend at what mG level and for which frequencies or harmonics. We are now spending $1B/year (Floig who is pro prudent avoidance, so not an exaggeration). Can you tell me what we did good for man with that expenditure. Data please. Dave Hafemeister, Physics Dept., CalPoly Univ. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 10 23:00:00 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Path: biosci!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!ix.netcom.com!netcomsv!uu3news.netcom.com!netcomsv!uucp3.netcom.com!lafn.org!lafn.org!ai808 From: ai808@lafn.org (Ellen Stern Harris) Subject: EMF & Public Policy Message-ID: <1995Apr8.225450.7162@lafn.org> Sender: news@lafn.org Nntp-Posting-Host: lafn.org Reply-To: ai808@lafn.org (Ellen Stern Harris) Organization: The Los Angeles Free-Net References: Fund for the Environment Date: Sat, 8 Apr 1995 22:54:50 GMT Lines: 35 The Fund for the Environment (FFTE) is interested in your views on public policy with regard to EMFs. We are represented on the Stakeholders Advisory Committee of the California Dept. of Health Services EMF Program. The California Public Utilities Commission has allocated $7 million rate- payer dollars to the Dept. toward research. This will include measurements at schools, epidemiology and public policy questions such as social equity and economic justice, among other topics. It is the belief of FFTE that we cannot await perfect scientific agreement on EMF before developing an equitable public policy. For example, a young physician measures the EMFs at a large home, before purchasing it. He deems the levels low enough to buy the house and move in with his wife and 6 kids. Soon thereafter, the utility doubles the lines in the right-of-way, despite his objections and those of his neighbors. As a result, the newly elevated EMFs were sufficient to move his family out and put the house up for sale. Seeing the powerlines, prospective buyers would not even bid at any price to purchase the house. Now the bank has foreclosed, the family's credit rating is ruined,the father sleeps at a Motel-6 during the week to be near his job, while his family is 300 miles away in their modest mountain cabin. This affects quality of life, family values and economic well-being. Any suggestions will be most welcome in helping to put a fairness factor into such a dilemma. Why should I be receiving electrical service at 2 mG while my neighbor down the block is getting hit with 8 mG? Please respond to Ellen Stern Harris -- ai808@lafn.org Thank You. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 10 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!NIEHS.NIH.GOV!GALVIN From: GALVIN@NIEHS.NIH.GOV (Michael Galvin) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: subscribe to server Date: 11 Apr 1995 10:37:32 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 2 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <01HP7QEOB1YA8ZOK4X@NIEHS.NIH.GOV> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Please subscribe galvin@niehs.nih.gov From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Tue Apr 11 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!msunews!netnews.upenn.edu!news From: "Bruce H. Kleinstein" Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: What's New on EMF-Link Date: 12 Apr 1995 01:46:11 GMT Organization: University of Pennsylvania Lines: 38 Message-ID: <3mfbd3$s3f@netnews.upenn.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: ts5-59.upenn.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Mozilla 1.1b3 (Windows; I; 16bit) What's New on EMF-Link (http://infoventures.microserve.com) New during the week of April 9 to April 15, 1995: EMF Long-term Effects and Power Line Safe Distance [Letter/reply] EMF Occupational Health Videotape Released New Educational Video Release Gives Background on EMFs Updated listing of meetings and conferences New during the week of April 2 to April 8, 1995: Request For Proposal: School Policy Analysis. The California Electric and Magnetic Fields Program EMF RAPID Program's Engineering Projects for 1994-1995 Awarded Normal Use of Mobile Phones Poses No Danger Updated listing of meetings and conferences - many new entries New during the week of March 26 to April 1, 1995: Contact form for EMF Information Providers/Consultants Updated table of contents for EMF Health Report A Device To Protect From EMFs? [letter] Stochastic Resonance and Weak Magnetic Fields [letter] Cannot View Some EMF-Link Files [letter] Why EMF? [letter] New during the week of March 19 to March 25, 1995: The 1994 Annual Report of the Rapid Program Reply to Eric Tofsrud's Message Asking About Brain Cancer in Ham Radio Operators [letter] From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!ACCESSNV.COM!rictell From: rictell@ACCESSNV.COM (AccessNevada) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: RF Exposure limits for Japan, France and Israel Date: 13 Apr 1995 15:52:55 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 10 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9504132257.AA13255@bighorn> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net I am interested in the latest info on any published standards for exposure to RF fields in Japan, France and Israel. If anyone has any input on these, I would appreciate a response. Or, if you know of someone who I might contact, info on their address. Thanks, ...Ric Tell From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!post.its.mcw.edu!admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu From: jmoulder@post.its.mcw.edu (John Moulder) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Date: Thu, 13 Apr 1995 17:27:11 -0600 Organization: Medical College of Wisconsin Lines: 37 Distribution: world Message-ID: <9504131727.AA11907@admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu> References: <3mjf3g$ki1@transfer.stratus.com> Reply-To: jmoulder@post.its.mcw.edu (John Moulder) NNTP-Posting-Host: admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII X-Newsreader: InterCon TCP/Connect II 2.0.1 > Now, I find out that the Electric company wants > to "RECONDUCTOR" the existing lines. This obviously means they want > to push more thru them. I was told by the Energy Facility Siting > Board that yes, "...they want to raise the voltage a little". > Well more voltage == more demand == more current == more EMF. Not necessarily a correct assumption. 1) A higher voltage would mean lower current, and hence lower magnetic fields for a given power-carrying capacity. 2) Often system upgrade mean better phase cancellation and lower fields. 3) Often a system upgrade results in placing conductors higher, and more to the center of the right-of-way, leading to lower magnetic fields at the edge of the right-of-way. If you are worried about the magnitude of the magnetic field, rather than about the mere existence of the line, then the first thing you should find out is whether this "upgrade" will increase the fields on your property. > When I asked what "a little" was, he wasn't sure. You should not accept this answer. The calculation of the fields that will be generated by various line configurations is a fairly exact, although complex, science. I will essentially guarantee that someone at the company that is proposing the upgrade knows exactly, or can calculate exactly, what the current field profile is, and what the profile will be after upgrade. John Moulder (jmoulder@its.mcw.edu) Maintainer: Powerlines & Cancer FAQs, FAQs on Static Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer USENET: sci.med.physics, sci.answers, news.answers. FTP://cdmas.crc.mcw.edu/pub FTP://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/sci.answers http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!in1.uu.net!news1.digital.com!nntp-hub2.barrnet.net!news3.near.net!transfer.stratus.com!jester!tjm From: tjm@hw.stratus.com (Tim McNamara) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Date: 13 Apr 1995 15:13:52 GMT Organization: Stratus Computer, Inc. Lines: 46 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3mjf3g$ki1@transfer.stratus.com> References: <1995Apr8.225450.7162@lafn.org> Reply-To: tjm@hw.stratus.com NNTP-Posting-Host: jester.hw.stratus.com > >For example, a young physician measures the EMFs at a large home, before >purchasing it. He deems the levels low enough to buy the house and move >in with his wife and 6 kids. Soon thereafter, the utility doubles the lines >in the right-of-way, despite his objections and those of his neighbors. > >As a result, the newly elevated EMFs were sufficient to move his family >out and put the house up for sale. Seeing the powerlines, prospective buyers >would not even bid at any price to purchase the house. Now the bank has >foreclosed, the family's credit rating is ruined,the father sleeps at a >Motel-6 during the week to be near his job, while his family is 300 miles >away in their modest mountain cabin. This is a very similar situation to what I'm facing unfortunately. I didn't have very much information about EMFs when I bought 7 years ago in Rhode Island. Now, I find out that the Electric company wants to "RECONDUCTOR" the existing lines. This obviously means they want to push more thru them. I was told by the Energy Facility Siting Board that yes, "...they want to raise the voltage a little". Well more voltage == more damand == more current == more EMF. When I asked what "a little" was, he wasn't sure. At any rate, I'm faced with: a) trying to block this by generating a great deal of concern amoungst the other residents, and educating them if they are not up on the risks of EMF. ...and more than likely not winning the fight. -or- b) shutting my mouth and trying to sell me house as quickly as I can. I already heading in the "B" direction. The bottom line is this: The power utilities have major dollars to fight any opposition on the subject. People have their own views on this subject. Unfortunately, because there are so many variables involved in quantifying the effects of EMF on one's health, it makes setting levels a difficult thing. I only wish I had been more informed back when I was house shopping. Regards, Tim From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!newsspool.doit.wisc.edu!decwrl!waikato!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: 60 Hz Magnetic Fields - Bio-Effects and Standard Date: 13 Apr 1995 16:27:06 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 49 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3mjjcq$oke@southern.co.nz> References: <1995Apr6.025850.2644@lafn.org> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] David W Hafemeister (dhafemei@CYMBAL.AIX.CALPOLY.EDU) wrote: : : In response to Ellen Stern Harris. : : It would seem that emf can't be mitigated on an isolated basis. It would : seem that the finite resources of our society have to be prioritized in : some way. It would seem that one has to have some kind of consensus on : epidemiology and biophysics experiments. Can you point me to the documents : that will show this consensus. See my melatonin thread for some results for thinking basis. : What bio experiment says this causes : cancer. What bio experiment know the coupling constant? Then tell me now : much to spend at what mG level and for which frequencies or harmonics. We : are now spending $1B/year (Floig who is pro prudent avoidance, so not an : exaggeration). Can you tell me what we did good for man with that : expenditure. Data please. : I have maintained previously that the budget could be spent with more benefit by getting together the living organism protection a little bit with the electro-magnetic interference protection. Some of the same principles apply. Certain electrical equipment is not allowed in aeroplanes, sometimes. [Mind you, to have reason to have insurance, and even to keep the premiums up a little, it helps business if there are some crashes.] But then I am thinking that figure you are giving of Floid's is actually including some of the amount for electromagnetic interference? Like things as simple as two FM band radio receivers whistling near each other? Or stopping the car or truck VHF R/T from igniting the gasoline vapour at a fuel pump by sparks from the induced emf in metal objects nearby. Or even putting the increasingly drive by wire cars to test in the electrical noise interference chambers, for human safety - crash avoidance reasons. $1B would pay 10,000 $100,000 salaries, and at a moderate 2 research papers a year we are not getting anything like 20,000 papers annually in emf-bio safety. 200 might be more the order of magnitude, though sometimes it seems more like 20. The $1B is definitely not going on experiments which your article suggests. Perhaps some of that figure is being charged to underground cabling (giving large compensation when buying up property) which would be done for looks anyway. Please correct me on these hurried observations. Brian R.Sandle. : Dave Hafemeister, Physics Dept., CalPoly Univ. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!adam.cc.sunysb.edu!news.sprintlink.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news.starnet.net!wupost!waikato!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Melatonin circadian rhythms and cancer (Was: Re: MRI dangers) Date: 13 Apr 1995 15:20:24 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 97 Message-ID: <3mjffo$mn0@southern.co.nz> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] [ Article reposted from sci.techniques.mag-resonance,sci.med ] [ Author was Brian Sandle ] [ Posted on 12 Apr 1995 01:17:52 GMT ] Brian Wowk (wowk@cc.umanitoba.ca) wrote: : How many more millions of dollars do you want to see squandered : on negative studies before you will finally admit that this money would : be better spent elsewhere? A lot is spent on cancer treatment when there is only a small percentage hope. : : Even if there is some EMF-cancer link, it would have to be : incredibly small to have resulted in such a vast preponderance of : negative studies in the literature. In fact it would be so small : that any money spent on anti-EMF measures would be thousands : of times more effective at preventing cancer if it were directed : at real substantial causes, like smoking, poor nutrition, obesity, etc. : This simple fact (which requires no further study to conclude!) should : mark the end of this discussion. : Apologies to the mag res people, but I would like to confuse a bit more everyone who has been reading this thread. I am worried as usual that I might have caused some person somewhere to take action on what I have said, which may have appeared too clear, which may get him or her wrong. Studying the Bartsch paper I cited a few days ago (1), the following is evident: Prostate cancer patients have lower melatonin urinary concentration and excretion than either young men or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, yes. But, BPH patients have higher melatonin excretion, though lower urinary melatonin concentration, than young men. In a way it seems they are trying to (a) get rid of too much melatonin they are making or (b) making extra to try to stop perhaps impending cancer. Melatonin does inhibit tumors in vivo, including breast and prostate. But when the cancer takes hold the melatonin drops. Studies suggest that tumors are able to negatively influence the pineal gland's melatonin production. Who knows in the case of (a) the body may need them to help - wild speculation. The mystery deepens when it is remembered that prostate cancer incidence is less in latitudes of less ultra violet light (2), and that in the presence of ultra violet light, melatonin decreases (3). Wild speculation again suggests that the cancer is trying to do what the ultra violet light isn't there to do. The next wonder is whether the ELF fields might just be helping (which I questioned some months ago are they some sort of stimulant?) since _they_ decrease melatonin. But the trouble with power line fields, rather than equipment one uses, is they tend to stay active through the night, and it is _ properly_cycling_ melatonin levels which, I won't say fight cancer, rather they make it not progress(?) (4). I didn't know whether it was riskier to post or to leave this speculation, and I hope you are confused enough and not impressed by articles just because they have refs. Brian R.Sandle. (1) Authors: Bartsch-C Bartsch-H Schmidt-A Ilg-S Bichler-KH Fluchter-SH Title: Melatonin and 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Circadian-Rhythms in Serum and Urine of Primary Prostate-Cancer Patients - Evidence for Reduced Pineal Activity and Relevance of Urinary Determinations Source: CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA 1992, Vol 209, Iss 3, pp 153-167 (2) Authors: Hanchette C.L.; Schwarz G.G. Title: Geographic patterns of prostate cancer mortality: Evidence for a protective effect of ultra-violet radiation. Source: Cancer (Philadelphia) 70(12): 2861-2869. (3) Authors: Garde E., et al. Title: 8-methoxypsoralen increases daytime plasma melatonin levels in humans through inhibition of metabolism. Source: Photochem Photobiol (P69), 1994 Nov; 60 (5): 475-80 (4) Authors: Cos-S Sanchez-Barcelo-EJ Title: Differences Between Pulsatile or Continuous Exposure to Melatonin on MCF-7 Human Breast-Cancer Cell-Proliferation Source: CANCER LETTERS 1994, Vol 85, Iss 1, pp 105-109 And I include, one of many I would like to: Authors: Bartsch-H Bartsch-C Mecke-D Lippert-TH Title: Seasonality of Pineal Melatonin Production in the Rat - Possible Synchronization by the Geomagnetic-Field Source: CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 1994, Vol 11, Iss 1, pp 21-26 From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 12 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!adam.cc.sunysb.edu!news.sprintlink.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news.starnet.net!wupost!waikato!comp.vuw.ac.nz!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Melatonin circadian rhythms, EMF (Was: Re: MRI dangers) Date: 13 Apr 1995 15:17:59 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 55 Message-ID: <3mjfb7$mn0@southern.co.nz> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] [ Article reposted from sci.techniques.mag-resonance,sci.med ] [ Author was Brian Sandle ] [ Posted on 11 Apr 1995 02:25:08 GMT ] added: there are replies to this on sci.med and sci.med.techniques.magnetic-resonance, correcting it somewhat. subject "MRI dangers". Crossposting it here since I feel it answers some questions posed on this group. It makes fair sense without my earlier article. Brian Sandle (Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz) wrote: : I feel something has been suggested that could put another : angle on this horrible loss of people which is occurring through cancer : these days. : : People on the Net are fairly intelligent. I, too, can question my : suggested EMF - low melatonin - prostate cancer relationship, it might : be that the disturbance of prostate cancer produces low melatonin, and : not the other way, and I agree that I should have said this, though I am : not qualified to make assumptions, and I thought someone might be able : to clarify that point, and reassure us. So I've started to check the research papers, and work has been done. I'll just refer to one paper for now: Title: Effects of Weak Alternating Magnetic-Fields on Nocturnal Melatonin Production and Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats Source: ONCOLOGY 1994, Vol 51, Iss 3, pp 288-295 Mammary were tumors chemically induced in rats. Groups of 36 rats either sham exposed or actually exposed for 91 days at a 50 Hz gradient magnetic field of 0.3 to 1.0 micro-Tesla (3 to 10 milli- Gauss - an environmentally relevant flux density). Nocturnal melatonin levels were significantly reduced by the magnetic field. Incidence of mammary tumors was 61% in controls versus 67% in exposed animals - not significantly different, nor was total tumor burden significantly different. The incidence of pre-neoplastic lesions in these conditions was not altered. I have drastically condensed the abstract. Can this study be extrapolated to the human breast condition, or to the prostate condition? The predominant tumor type was invasive adenocarcinoma which was found in 21 rats in both groups. This is 58.3%. In other words there would have been 1 "non-standard" tumor type in the not-exposed group as opposed to 3 in the exposed group. I feel more study is justified. Brian R.Sandle. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 13 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!CYMBAL.AIX.CALPOLY.EDU!dhafemei From: dhafemei@CYMBAL.AIX.CALPOLY.EDU (David W Hafemeister) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Date: 13 Apr 1995 19:30:34 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 3 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: References: <3mjf3g$ki1@transfer.stratus.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net It is fine to fight powerlines, just make sure you have honest concensus facts. It is not nice to use science improperly for a political end. DH From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 13 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.cac.psu.edu!news.pop.psu.edu!hudson.lm.com!godot.cc.duq.edu!news.duke.edu!jcl5 From: jcl5@acpub.duke.edu (James C.H. Lee) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: REQ: NC EMF researchers & experts Date: 14 Apr 1995 02:26:10 GMT Organization: Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Lines: 21 Message-ID: <3mkmg3$556@news.duke.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: bme2.acpub.duke.edu X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] I would appreciate it very much if other knowledgeable people in this field can recommend some North Carolina EMF researchers or experts in the field who I can contact because I have a strong interest in this subject and would like to be able to contact local established people. Please, if available, include not only name but also title/position, address, phone number, and institute. He/she can be from any where in North Carolina. Any help will be greatly appreciated. (On a side note, I really appreciate others in this newsgroup sharing their knowledge on the subject so people like me can learn more.) -- .,, _____________________________oOO_(o o)__OOo______________________________ < -== James Lee ==- (_) *** jcl5@acpub.duke.edu *** > / \ \ /|/| | school address: | permanent address: / / /O,O | _//| | Box 97847 | 1300 E. Katella Ave. \ \ |/^^\ | /oo | | Duke University | Orange, CA 92667 / / \m_m/| \mm_| | Durham, NC 27708 | \ \ | (919) 613-0828 | / <=========================================================================> From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 13 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!mcimail.com!S=Blanchard%G=Janie_P+p%I=JP%BECHTEL From: S=Blanchard%G=Janie_P+p%I=JP%BECHTEL@mcimail.com ("Janie P. Blanchard") Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Any more recent evidence? Date: 14 Apr 1995 11:52:03 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 47 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <92950414175129.0005382259D40X4@MCIMAIL.COM> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net IN RESPONSE TO ERIC SPAIN WHO COMMENTED, THEN ASKED: >> Help needed. >> The U.K. Institution of Electrical Engineers formed a committee which >> undertook a study of available literature and published a report The >> Possible Biological Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (July >> 1991). >> One of its conclusions was: >> The large literature on laboratory studies is seriously undermined by the >> lack of replication and the absence of national/international co-ordination >> of research effort. At present there is no widely accepted experiments >> which can demonstrate any biological effect of low level electromagnetic >> fields. >> In the body of the report, they discuss and seem to accept the findings of >> a number of studies but conclude that they do not constitute evidence >> because they have not been replicated nor are widely accepted. >> Other people have accepted the results of biological effects but say that >> there is no proof that these effects can cause cancer. >> I wonder if anyone can help me on the following questions: >> Has there been, since this 1991 report, anything which would appear to >> satisfy the members of the IEE committee in respect of the quoted >> conclusion? >> Apart from the many hypotheses about the e-m effects possibly leading to >> cancer, is there any more recent experimental work which makes this >> possibility stronger or weaker? We have been reporting since November 1993 about a growing body of experimental results supporting our Ion Parametric Resonance Model (See BEMS, 15, 217-260; Chapter 4 in Allan Frey's "On the Nature of Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Systems" (1994), and FASEB J, April 1995, in press). Additional experimental work by Trillo et al. (reported at BEMS Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, 1994) also confirms the predictions of the IPR model and can be considered limited replication in that it was done by independent researchers, but in the same lab as the original work was performed. We continue to seek researchers who are interested in performing replication studies. Janie Blanchard From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 13 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!FREENET.SCRI.FSU.EDU!jnor From: jnor@FREENET.SCRI.FSU.EDU (Joseph Norton) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: FASTCASH Date: 13 Apr 1995 22:41:36 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 10 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: References: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net On Thu, 13 Apr 1995, Jason Duplessis wrote: > SUBJECT: Get ALL THE MONEY YOU WANT!No Work! > naturally, when you try to email to this bottom-dwelling scum-sucker the address is a lie also: From References: <3moahs$fnt@southern.co.nz> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net I agree that this is a problem, but doesn't it contain these elements: 1. There is no proven risk, but only a psychological risk. 2. What is the cost to fix up the nation's power lines in dollars. 3. To first order, how many lives were saved. What other elements are there to this problem? Dave Hafemeister On 15 Apr 1995, Brian Sandle wrote: > Ellen Stern Harris (ai808@lafn.org) wrote: > : > : For example, a young physician measures the EMFs at a large home, before > : purchasing it. He deems the levels low enough to buy the house and move > : in with his wife and 6 kids. Soon thereafter, the utility doubles the lines > : in the right-of-way, despite his objections and those of his neighbors. > : > : As a result, the newly elevated EMFs were sufficient to move his family > : out and put the house up for sale. Seeing the powerlines, prospective buyers > : would not even bid at any price to purchase the house. Now the bank has > : foreclosed, the family's credit rating is ruined,the father sleeps at a > : Motel-6 during the week to be near his job, while his family is 300 miles > : away in their modest mountain cabin. > : > : This affects quality of life, family values and economic well-being. > : Any suggestions will be most welcome in helping to put a fairness factor > : into such a dilemma. Why should I be receiving electrical service at 2 mG > : while my neighbor down the block is getting hit with 8 mG? > > Possibly ask for lines to replaced with bundled overhead cables > > Check that earthing systems and the EMF from water pipes is not the trouble. > > Brian R.Sandle. > > From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 14 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!news-feed-1.peachnet.edu!news.duke.edu!godot.cc.duq.edu!newsfeed.pitt.edu!uunet!comp.vuw.ac.nz!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Date: 15 Apr 1995 11:26:52 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 24 Message-ID: <3moahs$fnt@southern.co.nz> References: Fund for the Environment <1995Apr8.225450.7162@lafn.org> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] Ellen Stern Harris (ai808@lafn.org) wrote: : : For example, a young physician measures the EMFs at a large home, before : purchasing it. He deems the levels low enough to buy the house and move : in with his wife and 6 kids. Soon thereafter, the utility doubles the lines : in the right-of-way, despite his objections and those of his neighbors. : : As a result, the newly elevated EMFs were sufficient to move his family : out and put the house up for sale. Seeing the powerlines, prospective buyers : would not even bid at any price to purchase the house. Now the bank has : foreclosed, the family's credit rating is ruined,the father sleeps at a : Motel-6 during the week to be near his job, while his family is 300 miles : away in their modest mountain cabin. : : This affects quality of life, family values and economic well-being. : Any suggestions will be most welcome in helping to put a fairness factor : into such a dilemma. Why should I be receiving electrical service at 2 mG : while my neighbor down the block is getting hit with 8 mG? Possibly ask for lines to replaced with bundled overhead cables Check that earthing systems and the EMF from water pipes is not the trouble. Brian R.Sandle. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 14 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!oakland.edu!liboff From: liboff@oakland.edu (A.R. Liboff) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: EMF & Public Policy Date: 15 Apr 1995 09:31:21 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 23 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199504151629.AA27637@Cliff.ACS.Oakland.Edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Dave Hafemeister asks: What other elements are there to this problem? One important element overlooked by the ongoing discussion is that the cancer problem is really just one component of a much larger biological question involving ELF magnetic fields. There is a major scientific puzzle attached to the ELF magnetic work, with potential consequences not only for our basic understanding of biological systems, but also for practical clinical aspects. For example, some think that similar signals to those used to treat bone non-unions are at the heart of the cancer problem. Various laboratories, including mine, have reported weak-field effects in the central nervous system, implying that the application of such fields may play an important future role in studying the brain, (hopefully for the better). There have also been abortive attempts to use these fields to treat cancer, best illustrated by Italian scientists who have seen a strengthening of the immune response in older people following magnetic treatment. In all such cases, the most critical element lacking at present is a clear and credible mechanism to understand the physical basis of these weak-field interactions. Once this is achieved, then experiments, both basic and clinical, will explode in a way that may very well rival the present work in molecular biology. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 16 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!adam.cc.sunysb.edu!news.sprintlink.net!howland.reston.ans.net!news.starnet.net!wupost!waikato!comp.vuw.ac.nz!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Date: 17 Apr 1995 22:15:21 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 272 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3mup9p$mev@southern.co.nz> References: <3moahs$fnt@southern.co.nz> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] David W Hafemeister (dhafemei@CYMBAL.AIX.CALPOLY.EDU) wrote: : I agree that this is a problem, but doesn't it contain these elements: : : 1. There is no proven risk, but only a psychological risk. : 2. What is the cost to fix up the nation's power lines in dollars. : 3. To first order, how many lives were saved. : : What other elements are there to this problem? Dave Hafemeister : : : On 15 Apr 1995, Brian Sandle wrote: : : > Ellen Stern Harris (ai808@lafn.org) wrote: : > : : > : For example, a young physician measures the EMFs at a large home, before : > : purchasing it. He deems the levels low enough to buy the house and move : > : in with his wife and 6 kids. Soon thereafter, the utility doubles the lines : > : in the right-of-way, despite his objections and those of his neighbors. : > : : > : As a result, the newly elevated EMFs were sufficient to move his family : > : out and put the house up for sale. Seeing the powerlines, prospective buyers : > : would not even bid at any price to purchase the house. Now the bank has : > : foreclosed, the family's credit rating is ruined,the father sleeps at a : > : Motel-6 during the week to be near his job, while his family is 300 miles : > : away in their modest mountain cabin. : > : : > : This affects quality of life, family values and economic well-being. : > : Any suggestions will be most welcome in helping to put a fairness factor : > : into such a dilemma. Why should I be receiving electrical service at 2 mG : > : while my neighbor down the block is getting hit with 8 mG? : > : > Possibly ask for lines to replaced with bundled overhead cables : > : > Check that earthing systems and the EMF from water pipes is not the trouble. : > : > Brian R.Sandle. : > : > I don't feel that there is disproved risk. Are we quite sure that the experimenters are telling us the correct story? I am aware that there may be more important things to attend to than power lines, but I do know of someone who always feels much better sleeping in the local park away from the overhead street lines. He had grown up away from the street and the overhead wires. I feel that studies often quoted did not allow for the fact that the control people who were supposedly away from high power lines, were actually close to the fields from the high current local distribution lines. So we don't yet know if there is disproved risk. The following citations and abstracts are taken from Biological Abstracts on CD-ROM, produced by BIOSIS, the world's largest abstracting and indexing company in the life sciences. BIOSIS produces over 500,000 citations per year from journals, meetings, books, and patents. Although BIOSIS makes a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of bioscientific and other literature, BIOSIS does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. For more information, contact BIOSIS at 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19013, USA; telephone 1-800-523-4806 (U.S. and Canada), (215)587-4847 (Worldwide); World Wide Web URL:http://www.biosis.org; Internet e-mail: info@mail.biosis.org: TI: Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children. AU: Olsen-J-H; Nielsen-A; Schulgen-G SO: British Medical Journal 307(6909): 891-895 PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Objective-To investigate whether residence before and after birth near 50 Hz high voltage installations increases a child's risk of cancer and whether risk correlates with the strength of magnetic field. Design-A population based case-control study. Setting-Denmark. Subjects-1707 children under the age of 15 with leukemia, tumour of the central nervous system, or malignant lymphoma diagnosed in 1968-86 and 4788 children taken from the central population register. Main outcome measures-Proximity before and after birth to existing or former 50-400 kV electrical transmission connections and substations and associated historical electromagnetic fields calculated on the basis of current load on line, phase ordering of line, and distance from the dwelling. Results-A significant association was seen between all major types of childhood cancer combined and exposure to magnetic fields from high voltage installation of gtoreq 0.4 mu-T (odds ratio 5.6). At gtoreq 0.25 mu-T no significant association was seen (odds ratio 1.5). A possible association was also seen with cases of Hodgkin's disease separately at gtoreq 0.1 mu-T. Conclusions-On the basis these results and additional descriptive data on electricity consumption and incidence of childhood cancer in Denmark since the 1940s it was concluded that the proportion of childhood cancer possibly caused by 50 Hz electromagnetic fields must be small. Firstly let me say that the Hodgkin's disease result was because of one child who had 3 tumours, so the gtoreq (greater than or equal to) 0.1 micro-Tesla (1 milli-Gauss) may not mean anything, except another study gave a similar result, but this still may not be significant. It is most interesting that the study starts to show results above 4 milli-Gauss (0.4 micro-Tesla), since up to this could be the sort of fields in which most of the _controls_ would be living - the fields from the low voltage overhead wires distribution to the houses. I repeat from the abstract: "Conclusions-On the basis these results and additional descriptive data on electricity consumption and incidence of childhood cancer in Denmark since the 1940s it was concluded that the proportion of childhood cancer possibly caused by 50 Hz electromagnetic fields must be small." Second point first - cancer had a rather slow rise from a fairly high level since 1940's while power use increased a lot. First point - the study from the high voltage lines (50,000 to 400,000 Volts) field calculations is then being applied to all fields from low voltage lines, too, when these areas were used as controls, as far as I can see. I hope I am wrong but it doesn't seem so. Can someone enlighten us? TI: Risk of cancer in Finnish children living close to power lines. AU: Verkasalo-P-K; Pukkala-E; Hongisto-M-Y; Valjus-J-E; Jarvinen-P-J; Heikkila-K-V; Koskenvuo-M SO: British Medical Journal 307(6909): 895-899 PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Objective-To investigate the risk of cancer in children living close to overhead power lines with magnetic fields of gtoreq 0.01 microteslas (mu-T). Design-Cohort study. Setting-The whole of Finland. Subjects-68 300 boys and 66 500 girls aged 0-19 years living during 1970-89 within 500 m of overhead power lines of 110-400 kV in magnetic fields calculated to be gtoreq 0.01 mu-T. Subjects were identified by record linkages of nationwide registers. Main outcome measures-Numbers of observed cases in follow up for cancer and standardised incidence ratios for all cancers and particularly for nervous system tumours, leukaemia, and lymphoma. Results-In the whole cohort 140 cases of cancer were observed (145 expected; standardised incidence ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.1). No statistically significant increases in all cancers and in leukaemia and lymphoma were found in children at any exposure level. A statistically significant excess of nervous system tumours was found in boys (but not in girls) who were exposed to magnetic fields of gtoreq 0.20 mu-T or cumulative exposure of gtoreq 0.40 mu-T years. Conclusions-Residental magnetic fields of transmission power lines do not constitute a major public health problem regarding childhood cancer. The small numbers do not allow further conclusions about the risk of cancer in stronger magnetic fields. Once again, are the authors comparing with children who lived in a normal city background of 0.2 mu-T without realising it? Of course they would not see results till that level. And look, they are going down to fields of 0.01 micro-Tesla (0.1 milli- Gauss) way below what is normally present in the environment by measurement. They were taking account of people up to half a kilometre from the high voltage lines and doing calculations of the effects from those lines. It seems a bit ridiculous. [My speculation - I think this would mean that a lot of the people would be out in the country, since lines travel across country, though I admit the population density isn't great there. I suppose they would still have their local distribution fields there. But this might explain why that for leukemia and lymphoma the numbers of cancers were 10 % lower than would be expected in areas where the fields were less than 2 milli- Gauss. And to allow myself a little more wild speculation, just looking at this study. it could mean that nervous system tumours are related to a country way of life - farm chemicals etc.] : 2. What is the cost to fix up the nation's power lines in dollars. Doing it little by little as replacement is needed, or where people are troubled, shouldn't be too dear. What does bundled overhead cable installation cost in comparison to separate wires when replacement is needed, or increased capacity is needed? It may even be cheaper - only one drum of cable is needed as opposed to having to bring and fasten up four separate wires. And the cable isn't dear. Without a street lighting pilot wire, a 4 core overhead bundled cable 95 square millimeter aluminium costs $NZ11 per metre while underground 3 core and outer sheath is $NZ15. The bundled overhead cable produces much less magnetic radiation than separate wires, and is a good replacement for fire-risk bare wires. 11 KV overhead, this is what is sometimes used to distribute power to the transformer substations which are every 1/4 mile in Christchurch, New Zealand, has to allow for a catenary when bundled cable, and 35 square millimetre 3 core is $NZ20 - 25 per metre. In new subdivisions, or where road widening means poles would have to be shifted, underground cabling of local low voltage distribution is done. The cost is around $NZ400 (exchange rate $NZ1.00 = $US0.64 approx.) per metre of street length or about $NZ640,000 per mile, all together. I'm not sure if that includes street lighting. Apparently, poles and overhead wires are still slightly cheaper. I obtained that information in January. I am interested that attention is now turning to local distribution high current as opposed to the high voltage lines. I am still waiting for a reply to a question about milli-Gauss measurements over water pipes at houses half way between one transformer and another in the USA system. The transformers are on different phases, and if house earths are connected to water pipes I suspect there may be some balancing current through the water pipe. This might be quite large if one transformer supplies a large number of houses. But really I do not know the exact set up. I understand that in Barlow Park, San Francisco, the power poles go behind the houses. There will be a transformer every few houses, and something like 220 V, 20KV and 72 KV on each pole. It would be interesting to know the milli-Gauss fields coming from this distribution system. Each transformer would be more like a point source, but might not even radiate much if well designed. The high voltage lines will have lower current and less magnetic radiation than having a transformer every 1/4 mile and having higher currents lines from it which we have here in Christchurch, New Zealand. The transformers themselves don't seem too bad. But the high voltage lines could be could be bundled, too, reducing it further. I have read these figures a little approximately from a bar graph produced by a Ministry of Health tester, testing magnetic flux densities in Christchurch, New Zealand, streets. It does not say whether summer or winter. We do not have air conditioning here to any extent, so winter is the greater load normally. Street Time of Minimum Maximum Average Median Measurement milli-Gauss milli-Gauss milli-Gauss milli-Gauss Part One - Measurements in street below low voltage (230V) power wires 1 14.15 5 7.5 6.5 6.5 1 17.10 10 12 11 11 2 14.20 3.5 10 6.5 5 2 17.15 1.5 5 2.9 2.7 3 14.30 0.75 3.3 1.8 1.8 3 17.20 1 5 2.5 2 3 11.00 1 2.7 1.5 1.2 4 Day 1 2 17 9.5 10 4 Day 2 4.4 20 12.2 13 5 1.3 20 4.5 3 Part Two - Parts of central city streets without overhead wires Tuam St (north side) 0.5 7 2.9 2.4 Tuam St (south side) 0.05 4 1.2 0.5 Oxford Tce (east) 0.5 4.4 1.9 1.4 Colombo St (west side) 0.2 4.5 2.1 1.9 Colombo St (east side) 0.2 4.5 2.1 1.9 Armagh St (north side) 0.2 4 1.1 1 Armagh St (south side) 0.4 4.3 1.1 0.9 Manchester St(east side) 0.4 9 1.7 1.4 Manchester St(west side) 0.3 4.8 1.4 1.6 Some of this might be coming from water pipes. : 3. To first order, how many lives were saved. Going back to 1. we don't yet know. : What other elements are there to this problem? Dave Hafemeister Other writers dealing with the perhaps non-lethal life quality affects. I agree that electric power has meant electric light for extended periods this century, and that also affects melatonin circadian rhythms. See sci.life-extension for more discussion of melatonin experiments, not really related to this. The health angle of electric power, especially from the melatonin cycle viewpoint, has another factor which is the extended lighting time which is possible. Light also affects the melatonin cycle as well as 3 to 10 milli-Gauss power fields does in rats. Brian R.Sandle. But get things in proportion. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 16 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!VAX.CS.HSCSYR.EDU!Spadaroj From: Spadaroj@VAX.CS.HSCSYR.EDU (Joe Spadaro) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: EMFs from halogen lamps Date: 17 Apr 1995 14:41:46 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 19 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net The other day we discovered that a halogen floor lamp we recently purchased gave rather substantial 60 Hz type interference detected by a portable AM radio throughout our house. It was obviously radiated by the house wiring and could be detected easily far from the lamp itself. I suspect that this is electric field primarily and may have something to do with the intensity adjustment rheostat or inductor, if not the lamp itself. Does anyone know if magnetic components are also radiated by such devices and how their output compares with other sources such as small motors and high current fixtures in the home environment? (I do not have a proper magnetic field meter for this.) This may win the EMF Trojan horse of the year award! Joe Spadaro, Ph.D. S.U.N.Y. Health Science Center - Syracuse spadaroj@vax.cs.hscsyr.edu From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 16 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!NIOSHE2.EM.CDC.GOV!TYW1 From: TYW1@NIOSHE2.EM.CDC.GOV ("Wenzl, Thurman") Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: netiquette please Date: 17 Apr 1995 11:34:41 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 17 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <2F924469@SmtpOut.em.cdc.gov> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net A simple request: someone sent an interesting few paragraphs, including: "...some think that similar signals to those used to treat bone non-unions are at the heart of the cancer problem. Various laboratories, including mine..." but I have no idea from whom this came - because our mail software clips off headers. So please, when responing to the list, put your name and affiliation in the body of your message, like this. Thanks in advance, Thurman Wenzl, Nat'l Inst for Occ'l Saf and Heal, Cincinnati tyw1@nioshe2.em.cdc.gov The usual disclaimers apply, this is not my employer's opinion, just mine. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Apr 16 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!FLATHEAD.DNRC.MT.GOV!comptona From: comptona@FLATHEAD.DNRC.MT.GOV (Art Compton) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: You're wrong Date: 17 Apr 1995 10:52:42 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 5 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9504171749.AA06302@sparc.sparc.dnrc.mt.gov> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Increasing the design capacity increases the VOLTAGE not the CURRENT. EMF is a product of the latter. We review alot of transmission upgrades, the EMF levels generally decrease through more modern and sensitive engineering. Double circuit construction is also an excellent means to reduce EMF emissions. Very often, we find that participants in siting issues, especially in EMF dialogues, are motivated by "strategic" concerns rather than actual perceived impacts.... Art Compton Chief, Facility Siting Bureau Montana Dept. of Natural Resources From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 17 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!FREENET.SCRI.FSU.EDU!jnor From: jnor@FREENET.SCRI.FSU.EDU (Joseph Norton) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: "You're wrong" Date: 17 Apr 1995 22:05:07 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 47 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: References: <9504171749.AA06302@sparc.sparc.dnrc.mt.gov> Reply-To: Joseph Norton NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net On 17 Apr 1995, Art Compton wrote: > Increasing the design capacity increases the VOLTAGE not the CURRENT. >EMF is a product of the latter. art, i assume you were responding to >Date: 13 Apr 1995 15:13:52 GMT >From: Tim McNamara (snip) >to "RECONDUCTOR" the existing lines. This obviously means they want >to push more thru them. I was told by the Energy Facility Siting >Board that yes, "...they want to raise the voltage a little". Well >more voltage == more damand == more current == more EMF. When I asked >what "a little" was, he wasn't sure. i think you're a little harsh to jump on this man, and that it is you who might be "wrong" he said that he was told that the reconductoring was to raise the voltage and i will agree that if that's all they do, then the magnetic field would drop. the EMF tho'? I thought EMF meant electromagnetic field which I thought was caused by both E and B are you defining EMF to only mean magnetic field? tim was also explicit in his concern that more voltage and reconductoring would allow the load to increase and hence the current to increase and would eventually allow for a higher current then already exists not an inevitability, but certainly a possibility which is what he said but your statement that raising design capacity (again, not what he said) would only result in higher voltage is not necessarily strictly correct either. my impression was that capacity refers to a product of voltage and current and could definitly allow for an increase in current also. i agree that in many t.upgrades, the magnetic field levels decrease if the current is reduced and with engineering designed to decrease magnetic field levels outside of ROWs; but it's not necessarily the result. i also agree that > participants in siting issues, especially in EMF dialogues, are motivated > by "strategic" concerns rather than actual (snip) impacts.... the same thing applies here in florida but i would question your use of the qualifier: 'perceived' i think it is the 'perceived' impacts (read 'imagined?' or 'feared?') that motivate most of the participants. i would like to hear more of what your experience has been in what the 'strategic' concerns have been joe From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 17 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!uunet!in1.uu.net!nntp.hk.super.net!tst.hk.super.net!slip65.hk.super.net!user From: ericjs@hk.super.net (Eric Spain) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: IEE report Followup-To: bionet.emf-bio Date: 18 Apr 1995 14:58:17 GMT Organization: Hong Kong SuperNET Lines: 39 Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: slip65.hk.super.net Help needed. I posted the following to bionet about two weeks ago and received one reply which said that the answer to my questions were all 'no'. If this is true, then what is the 'case for the prosecution' against emfs? WOuld anyone else care to comment?: The U.K. Institution of Electrical Engineers formed a committee which undertook a study of available literature and published a report ÒThe Possible Biological Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic FieldsÓ (July 1991). One of its conclusions was: ÒThe large literature on laboratory studies is seriously undermined by the lack of replication and the absence of national/international co-ordination of research effort. At present there is no widely accepted experiments which can demonstrate any biological effect of low level electromagnetic fields.Ó In the body of the report, they discuss and seem to accept the findings of a number of studies but conclude that they do not constitute evidence because they have not been replicated nor are Ôwidely acceptedÕ. Other people have accepted the results of biological effects but say that there is no proof that these effects can cause cancer. I wonder if anyone can help me on the following questions: Has there been, since this 1991 report, anything which would appear to satisfy the members of the IEE committee in respect of the quoted conclusion? Apart from the many hypotheses about the effects leading to a situation which induces cancer or weakens immunity, is there any more recent experimental work which supports any of them? Is there anyone undertaking experiments towards this end? When are results expected? From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 17 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!uwm.edu!post.its.mcw.edu!admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu From: jmoulder@post.its.mcw.edu (John Moulder) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: "You're wrong" Date: Tue, 18 Apr 1995 18:31:14 -0600 Organization: Medical College of Wisconsin Lines: 53 Distribution: world Message-ID: <9504181831.AA14704@admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu> References: Reply-To: jmoulder@post.its.mcw.edu (John Moulder) NNTP-Posting-Host: admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII X-Newsreader: InterCon TCP/Connect II 2.0.1 > > Increasing the design capacity increases the VOLTAGE not the > > CURRENT. EMF is a product of the latter. > i think you're a little harsh to jump on this man, and that it is you > who might be "wrong" > I thought EMF > meant electromagnetic field which I thought was caused by both E and B > are you defining EMF to only mean magnetic field? You are both right, the problem is sloppy terminology. "EMF" is a terrible phrase. Even if you ignore the fact that "EMF" means "electromotive force" to a physicist, and assume that it stands for "electromagnetic field", you still don't know what someone means. "electromagnetic field" could be used to describe anything from the static magnetic field surrounding a permanent magnet, to the sinusoidal electric field around a power line, to the complex E- and B- forms used in magneto- therapy,to the near-fields of a radio antenna. The first posted is using EMF as though it meant "power-frequency magnetic field". The responder is using the term more generally. Yes, just raising the voltage, but keeping the design capacity the same should increase the power-frequency electric field and decrease the power-frequency magnetic field. The basic reason people are ignoring the electrical field increase is that the magnetic fields associated with powerlines easily penetrate and are difficult to shield. By contrast, the power-frequency electric fields are easily shielded by conductive objects and have little ability to penetrate buildings or tissue. Because the power-frequency electric fields do not penetrate the body, it is generally assumed that any biologic effect from routine exposure to power-frequency fields must be due to the magnetic component of the field, or to the electric fields and currents that these magnetic fields induce in the body. Hence, if you want to worry about health effects of residential exposure you worry about the magnetic, not the electric component of the field. John Moulder (jmoulder@its.mcw.edu) Maintainer: Powerlines & Cancer FAQs, Static Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer FAQs USENET: sci.med.physics, sci.answers, news.answers. FTP://cdmas.crc.mcw.edu/pub FTP://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/sci.answers http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Apr 17 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!geraldo.cc.utexas.edu!usenet From: Jennifer Clark Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Utility Field Mitigation Date: 18 Apr 1995 16:12:22 GMT Organization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas Lines: 8 Message-ID: <3n0od6$6i@geraldo.cc.utexas.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: slip-1-44.ots.utexas.edu I'm trying to find out what other utilities are doing concerning magnetic field mitigation. We have recently built a split bundled low EMF 138kV transmission line. Has any other utility? Also, has anyone been able to effectively shield transformer vaults? Any information would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Jennifer Clark, City of Austin Electric Department jenclark@access.texas.gov From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 19 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!news.starnet.net!wupost!waikato!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: "You're wrong" Date: 20 Apr 1995 22:21:09 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 71 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3n6mol$mm@southern.co.nz> References: <9504181831.AA14704@admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu> <3n5ecu$4jl@southern.co.nz> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] Brian Sandle (Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz) wrote: : John Moulder (jmoulder@post.its.mcw.edu) wrote: : : : : Yes, just raising the voltage, but keeping the design capacity the same should : : increase the power-frequency electric field and decrease the power-frequency : : magnetic field. : : : This happens with high voltage distribution lines where the power to be : transferred to a city is not to be changed. : : With low voltage lines to houses, increasing the voltage increases the : current, by Ohms law, if appliance use stays the same. The voltage is : normally regulated to within say 5 per cent. If it drops much lower than : that lights get a little dimmer, and water takes a little longer to heat. : Less power is transferred, the current is lower, but some people may find : appliances have to run longer or be turned up higher, which would increase : the magnetic field. I've had email pointing out some more confusion about this subject. The way I wrote it made someone think I was saying that increasing the voltage on the transmission line to the city would increase the voltage to the houses. No indeed, at the place the voltage is stepped down to the local distribution figure there are automatic regulators which switch in variable numbers of transformer circuits to try to keep the voltage to the houses constant. As more appliances - heating or air conditioning, the heavier power users - are connected to a local circuit, more current is drawn through the local wires, those which come after the regulating switched transformers. The larger current through those wires means that the wires themselves act more as heaters, resisting the current flow and dropping the voltage which arrives at the houses. Where I live, about 1/4 mile from a transformer substation (not a switched regulating substation, that is 1.5 miles away and works at 11,000V) the voltage drop can be quite noticeable at cooking time in winter. Our voltage here is nominally 230V. Much of the time it is actually 243V. But under heavy load it goes down to 215V, even when I am not using much power. This means that when I turn on a light or a heater there is less voltage - less electrical pressure (technically energy per charge) and less current will be pushed through the circuit to it, and so less magnetic field produced. But, with a light, do I just make do with it being dimmer as voltage drops, and actually draw less current from the circuit myself, or do I install another bulb? (The email questioned reading longer - is it a possibility as it is harder to see - apologies for this long article.) And do I turn on another heater? Of course appliances with thermostats will have to run longer to achieve the desired temperature, not touching the setting. And with motor run devices, the picture is more complex. The result is likely to be still more current is summed over the houses, to make up for the power being lost in the wires. If thicker wires were put in in the circuit to my house, then my voltage at peak load might go up to say 225V. This would mean a light bulb would draw more current. If people were only using light bulbs then thicker wires would mean more current drain, but not if thermostatically controlled equipment and some motor equipment are involved. You've given me an idea. I shall walk along the street and discover all the houses whose electricity supplies are attached to the same phase wire as mine. If I can get good enough at explaining, or selling, I will get the people in all those houses to plug in and switch on all electric heaters and ovens exactly at the time I have the power authority measure the voltage at my house. Then very low voltage will be measured here and there will be a case for new supply wires. I shall ask for bundled overhead cables. Perhaps a little confused. Something might go wrong. Brian R.Sandle. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Apr 19 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!noc.netcom.net!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!newsspool.doit.wisc.edu!decwrl!waikato!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: "You're wrong" Date: 20 Apr 1995 10:52:14 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 18 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3n5ecu$4jl@southern.co.nz> References: <9504181831.AA14704@admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] John Moulder (jmoulder@post.its.mcw.edu) wrote: : : Yes, just raising the voltage, but keeping the design capacity the same should : increase the power-frequency electric field and decrease the power-frequency : magnetic field. : This happens with high voltage distribution lines where the power to be transferred to a city is not to be changed. With low voltage lines to houses, increasing the voltage increases the current, by Ohms law, if appliance use stays the same. The voltage is normally regulated to within say 5 per cent. If it drops much lower than that lights get a little dimmer, and water takes a little longer to heat. Less power is transferred, the current is lower, but some people may find appliances have to run longer or be turned up higher, which would increase the magnetic field. Brian R.Sandle. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 20 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!DELPHI.COM!LENNARTZ From: LENNARTZ@DELPHI.COM Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: EMF effects on protozoa Date: 20 Apr 1995 19:53:20 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 12 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <01HPKUD1CH8I99GJ39@delphi.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net I am particularly interested in research dealing with the short and long term effects of EMFs on ciliated and amoeboid protozoa. I would appreciate short notes from anyone in this group doing such work...especially with regard to EMF and morphogenesis. You can send them via e-mail or by mail to me at David C. Lennartz, Ph Cleveland Chiropractic College Basic Sciences Dept. 590 N. Vermont Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90004 USA Thank you for your time and responses. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 20 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!RFR.BROOKS.AF.MIL!mason From: mason@RFR.BROOKS.AF.MIL Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: MRI Database Date: 21 Apr 1995 11:20:25 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 11 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9503217984.AA798488423@rfr.brooks.af.mil> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) database of a Sprague-Dawley rat, Rhesus monkey and Pigmy goat described in the article published in the FASEB Journal, 9: 434-440, 1995 is available via anonymous ftp to merlin.brooks.af.mil. In the /pub/MRI directory, there is a README.txt file describing what is in the /pub/MRI/goat, /pub/MRI/monkey, and /pub/MRI/rat subdirectories. Use BINARY to transfer the files. Patrick Mason mason@rfr.brooks.af.mil From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Apr 20 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!NIOBBS1.EM.CDC.GOV!jdb0 From: jdb0@NIOBBS1.EM.CDC.GOV ("Bowman, Joseph D.") Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: RE: IEE report Date: 21 Apr 1995 08:24:55 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 150 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <2F975DE3@SmtpOut.em.cdc.gov> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net In reply to the unsigned message: >Help needed. I posted the following to bionet about two weeks >ago and received one reply which said that the answer to my >questions were all 'no'. If this is true, then what is the >'case for the prosecution' against emfs? > >The U.K. Institution of Electrical Engineers formed a committee >which undertook a study of available literature and published a >report "The Possible Biological Effects of Low Frequency >Electromagnetic Fields" (July 1991). > >One of its conclusions was: > > The large literature on laboratory studies is seriously > undermined by the lack of replication and the absence of > national/international co-ordination of research effort. At > present there is no widely accepted experiments which can > demonstrate any biological effect of low level electromagnetic > fields. > >In the body of the report, they discuss and seem to accept the >findings of a number of studies but conclude that they do not >constitute evidence because they have not been replicated nor >are widely accepted. Other people have accepted the results of >biological effects but say that there is no proof that these >effects can cause cancer. > >I wonder if anyone can help me on the following questions: >Has there been, since this 1991 report, anything which would >appear to satisfy the members of the IEE committee in respect of >the quoted conclusion? > >Apart from the many hypotheses about the effects leading to a >situation which induces cancer or weakens immunity, is there any >more recent experimental work which supports any of them? The IEE committee should consider the following publications which have appeared since 1991: * Animal studies of cancer promotion: Stuchly et al.: Modification of tumor promotion in the mouse skin by exposure to an alternating magnetic field. Cancer Letters; (1992) 62:1-7. Rannung et al.: A study of skin tumor formation in mice with 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. Carcinogenesis ; (1993) 14:573-578. Loscher et al: Tumor promotion in a breast cancer model by exposure to a weak alternating magnetic field. Cancer Letters; (1993) 71:75-81. Baum et al.: A histopathological study on alterations in DMBA- induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats with 50 Hz, 100 ?T magnetic field exposure. Carcinogenesis; (1995) 16:119-125. * The research on the radical pair mechanism: Scaiano et al, BEMS 15:549, 1994. Grissom CB: Chem Rev 95:3, 1995. * Laboratory studies which I have seen replicated. (This is not my area, so this list may be incomplete.): The diatom mobility effect (Smith et al., BEMS 8:215, 1987) partially replicated by Reese et al, BEMS 12:21, 1991. The ODC effect (Byus, Peiper, and Adey, Carcinogenesis 8:1385, 1987) replicated by Litovitz et al (Biochem Biophys Research Com 178:862, 1991 and BEMS 15:399, 1994). The positive findings of Project Henhouse (Berman et al, BEMS 11:169, 1990) were replicated by Litovitz et al, BEMS 15:105, 1994. Finally, your quotes from the IEE's 1991 report seem to make their judgements solely on the basis of laboratory studies. In their update, they would be sorely amiss if they do not consider the many epidemiological studies with magnetic field measurements and/or modeling: * Childhood cancers: Ahlbom et al: Lancet 342:1295, 1993. Bowman et al: BEMS 16:48, 1995. Feychting & Ahlbom: Am J Epidemiol 138:467, 1993. London et al: Am J Epidemiol 134:923, 1991. * Occupational cancers: Floderus et al: Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields in Relation to Leukemia and Brain Tumors: A Case-Control Study in Sweden. Cancer, Causes and Control (1993) 4:465-476. London et al: Exposure to magnetic fields among electrical workers in relation to leukemia risk in Los Angeles County. Am J Indust Med; (1994) 26:47-60. Matanoski et. al.: Leukemia in Telephone Lineman. Am J Epi (1993); 137:609-619. Sahl et al: Cohort and Nested Case-Control Studies of Hematopoietic Cancers and Brain Cancer among Electric Utility Workers. Epidemiology, 4:104-114. Savitz and Loomis: Magnetic field exposure in relation to leukemia and brain cancer mortality among electric utility workers. Am J Epidemiol; (1995) 141:123-134. The studies above provide many links between EMF and cancer, but the inconsistencies in the results keep most scientists from claiming that a casual relationship is proven. The bottom line really depends on the values one takes into the assessment of the evidence. For example, David Carpenter concluded: "The association between residential [magnetic field] exposure and childhood cancer is, in my judgement, strong and growing stronger....As a public health professional whose responsibility it is to prevent disease wherever possible, I do not hesitate, on the basis of the present evidence, to strongly advise people to reduce their exposure to magnetic fields when this can be accomplished at no great expense or inconvenience." (Epidemiological evidence for an association between exposure to 50 and 60 Hz magnetic fields and cancer. James Bay Publication Series #6, North Wind Information Services, Montreal, Canada, 1994). The values of the IEE committee can be surmised from your statement that such studies "do not constitute evidence because they have not been replicated nor are widely accepted". Since the relationship between EMF and cancer has not yet been replicated in all its details, the "case for the prosecution" may not yet be strong enough to meet such a standard. Yet it cannot be dismissed. As always, this is my personal opinion, not the policy of my agency. Joseph Bowman National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health USA jdb0 @ niobbs1.em.cdc.gov From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!UMES.UMD.EDU!EBASS From: EBASS@UMES.UMD.EDU (Eugene Bass) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: self contained spas and cancer Date: 21 Apr 1995 19:37:38 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 23 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <199504220133.VAA29506@umd5.umd.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Good evening, Although emf and cancer research is not my area of expertise I have found the p ostings on this group quite intriguing. A question occurred to me and I was wondering if anyone could shed some light on the subject. There are a number o f self-contained spas on the market which use anywhere from 300 gallons of water on up. The motors for the circulating pump and the air blower as well as the heating element are contained in the enclosure just under the fiberglass tub. I have no idea as to the size of the fields generated by this machinery, and I was wondering if anyone knows of any research done to determine the level of exposure of the occupants of such devices. Anatomically speaking, it seems that body areas such as the prostate might be in a fairly vulnerable position. Is there any data available on correlation of this type of cancer with such exposure? If this seems like an irrelevant thread I hope you will chalk it up to intellectual curiosity. Thanks for your indulgence. Gene Bass Eugene Bass UNIV. MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE DEPT. OF BIOLOGY Princess Anne, MD 21853 (410) 651 6024 From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!rutgers!gatech!concert!ecsgate!bruce.uncg.edu!news From: hmfuller@turing.uncg.edu (Hilton Fuller) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Stroop Effect Date: 21 Apr 1995 20:12:17 GMT Organization: The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Lines: 16 Sender: -Not-Authenticated-[7555] Message-ID: <3n93j1$35b@bruce.uncg.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: ell66261.uncg.edu X-Posted-From: InterNews 1.0.1@ell66261.uncg.edu Xdisclaimer: No attempt was made to authenticate the sender's name. I am a Psychology student in the process of writing a paper on the Stroop Effect. Does anyone have any information on where I can get additional information documenting its effects; i.e, graphs, tables ect., that might be found via the Internet? My school library has been of little benefit because most of the materials available descrtibe only the concept- not experimentation of the effect in different contexts or within different the application of other psychological concepts. Any information would be greatly apreciated. Please email me at the following, hmfuller@turing.uncg.edu Thanks, Hilton Fuller From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uwm.edu!newsspool.doit.wisc.edu!decwrl!waikato!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: IEE report Date: 22 Apr 1995 13:53:38 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 63 Message-ID: <3nb1p2$ork@southern.co.nz> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] Eric Spain (ericjs@hk.super.net) wrote: : Help needed. I posted the following to bionet about two weeks ago and : received one reply which said that the answer to my questions were all : 'no'. If this is true, then what is the 'case for the prosecution' against : emfs? : : WOuld anyone else care to comment?: I have replied to you via email. Have you been receiving posts from myself on bionet.emf-bio? When I post to this group I get a number of strange responses such as shown below each time. My sysadmin has not helped, and I have tried to post through the news to Janie when she posted here, but with no success. Could you, or someone please try to contact these people for me? Thank you. Date: Mon, 17 Apr 95 22:24 EST To: Brian Sandle Subject: Message Status DELIVERY NOTICE Referencing: Message id: 91950418032619/0003765414DC4EM Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Posted: Tue Apr 18, 1995 3:26 am GMT Your Message To: s=janie p EMS: BECHTEL MBX: s=janie p. blanchard MBX: s=blanchard MBX: g=janie p. MBX: i=jp could not be delivered to this recipient. Reason: Unable to transfer. Diagnostic: Only one "Surname" is allowed. This non-delivery notice generated: Tue Apr 18, 1995 3:24 am GMT Date: Mon, 17 Apr 95 23:51:00 UTC To: brian_sandle@equinox.gen.nz Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy Original Msg Id: 963810 genie-postmaster response to your message Subject: Re: EMF & Public Policy System: QUIK-COMM Date: Mon 17-Apr-95 23:51 Status: 6 Message picked up by receiving system and delivered to all recipients with some exceptions. Address: C.ZEPS Address Status Message: * C.ZEPS ignored - not found in Standard Address Directories Message 4/6 From genie-postmaster@geis.com Apr 17, 95 01:12:00 am From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!Warton.mad.bae.eurokom.ie!Rick.R.N.Woolnough From: Rick.R.N.Woolnough@Warton.mad.bae.eurokom.ie ("Rick Woolnough +44 1772 854590", 0) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: RE: A troubling and recurring problem Date: 22 Apr 1995 08:48:11 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 79 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <"04646122405991.172747.X400*"@MHS> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Re: The last emf-bio message from Ric Tell. I think that it is obvious that plane-wave whole body exposure to a human being within these frequency ranges is impossible. Therefore we should take a risk assessment based approach and look at the whole body positions that an individual may occupy and then apply a a form of spatial averaging to demonstrate the spatially averaged whole body e xposure levels. An important thing to remember, of course, is the possible peak field effect of RF shock and to ensure that no area within the work-place environment has levels of induced RF of sufficient intensity to cause a perceptive person annoyance. The United Kingdom National Radiological Protection Board have stated the 50% pain threshold for a man to be 2mA of contact current, and for women and children approximately 2/3rd and 1 /2 of that for men. It is also important where implantable medical devices a re present that an assurance from the manufacturer is obtained as to the susceptibility level of these devices. I am very aware of the role of the consoling engineer (to coin one of Jim Hadfield's favourite terms and offer the following: 1. People will always worry about that which they don't know 2. If the spatially averaged whole body exposure is below the threshold then you should be able to provide the weight of evidence to show that they are OK. now I know its very hard to convince people but it usually works. 3. Always ensure that people are made aware of potential hazards to imp lantable medical devices (such as pacemakers, cochlear implants and automatic dr ug dispensers (e.g. insulin dosers)) and ensure that the em susceptibility levels are not exceeded as this will produce a real health effect! 4. If interference to electronic equipment within the environment is pe rceivable then it will be much more difficult to achieve the aims of 2 above (thi s is especially true if it is a TV or CRT that is being interfered with (thi s type of interference is most likely cause both specific ocular stress and may c ause general stress and lack-lustreness which your client may blame on the E M fields). 5. If a person perceives any form of discomfort or shock then the situa tion will be as for item 4 above. The rule is first remove the perceivable effects (explain to the client how they were caused at what levels the effects occur and how you fixed them) and then explain to them the difference between their exposure and the equipment exposure, and the difference between them and the exposed system. This as you will find is not a guaranteed approach but the answer lies in psychology and the more chance you get to talk to your clients, the mor e chance you have of achieving your aims. ...Rick Woolnough RADHAZ/Laser Safety Specialist British Aerospace Defence Ltd Preston. Lancashire U.K. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!uunet.uu.net!afrey From: afrey@uunet.uu.net (Allan Frey) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: IEE report Date: 22 Apr 1995 16:59:28 -0700 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 9 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Help messages should be sent to biosci-help@net.bio.net, not to the group. Allan Allan H. Frey, Moderator email afrey@uunet.uu.net 11049 Seven Hill Lane voice 301.299.5181 Potomac, MD 20854, USA From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Apr 21 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!zip.eecs.umich.edu!caen!usenet.cis.ufl.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!news-feed-1.peachnet.edu!news.duke.edu!jcl5 From: jcl5@acpub.duke.edu (James C. H. Lee) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: IEE report Date: 22 Apr 1995 20:34:51 GMT Organization: Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Lines: 33 Message-ID: <3nbp9b$l4l@news.duke.edu> References: <3nb1p2$ork@southern.co.nz> NNTP-Posting-Host: godzilla.acpub.duke.edu X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] Brian Sandle (Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz) wrote in <3nb1p2$ork@southern.co.nz>: >Have you been receiving posts from myself on bionet.emf-bio? When I post >to this group I get a number of strange responses such as shown below >each time. My sysadmin has not helped, and I have tried to post through >the news to Janie when she posted here, but with no success. Could you, >or someone please try to contact these people for me? I have been having the same problems too. Every time I post a message onto this newsgroup, I receive about 4 error messages almost identicle to yours. My sysadmin believes that the problem lies in the path that this newsgroup is setup with (the path messages are relayed). I think it is probably with the MCI link because most error messages are from MCI. It might also have something to do with the handling of names (since it says something like "only one surname is allowed"). But yes, please somebody try to fix this because it is annoying to receive 4 messages for every one post... Thanx! (I'm going to receive another half-dozen of error messages for this post... ) P.S. still interested in establishing contact with more North Carolina EMF researchers and experts. Please provide name, title, institution, address, e-mail address, and phone if possible. Thanx! -- .,, _____________________________oOO_(o o)__OOo______________________________ < -== James Lee ==- (_) *** jcl5@acpub.duke.edu *** > / \ \ /|/| | school address: | permanent address: / / /O,O | _//| | Box 97847 | 1300 E. Katella Ave. \ \ |/^^\ | /oo | | Duke University | Orange, CA 92667 / / \m_m/| \mm_| | Durham, NC 27708 | \ \ | (919) 613-0828 | / <=========================================================================> From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sat Apr 22 23:00:00 1995 Path: biosci!agate!ames!waikato!comp.vuw.ac.nz!canterbury.ac.nz!southern.co.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!not-for-mail From: Brian_Sandle@equinox.gen.nz (Brian Sandle) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: IEE report Date: 23 Apr 1995 02:54:26 GMT Organization: Southern InterNet Services Lines: 177 Distribution: world Message-ID: <3ncfh3$ifo@southern.co.nz> References: <2F975DE3@SmtpOut.em.cdc.gov> NNTP-Posting-Host: equinox.gen.nz X-Newsreader: TIN [AMIGA 1.3 950131BETA PL0] Bowman, Joseph D. (jdb0@NIOBBS1.EM.CDC.GOV) wrote: : : The studies above provide many links between EMF and cancer, but : the inconsistencies in the results keep most scientists from : claiming that a casual relationship is proven. The bottom line : really depends on the values one takes into the assessment of the : evidence. Here is one study which speaks of the gaps in the studies, and is requesting some further work besides cancer as at 1993. Note also that it may be relying upon studies which are falling into the same trap as the Scandinavian studies I reported - appearing to have controls under higher exposure than many test subjects! My words follow asterisks. I do brainstorm a little. The following abstract is taken from Biological Abstracts on CD-ROM, produced by BIOSIS, the world's largest abstracting and indexing company in the life sciences. BIOSIS produces over 500,000 citations per year from journals, meetings, books, and patents. Although BIOSIS makes a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of bioscientific and other literature, BIOSIS does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. For more information, contact BIOSIS at 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19013, USA; telephone 1-800-523-4806 (U.S. and Canada), (215)587-4847 (Worldwide); World Wide Web URL:http://www.biosis.org; Internet e-mail: info@mail.biosis.org TI: Reproductive and teratologic effects of electromagnetic fields. AU: Brent-R-L; Gordon-W-E; Bennett-W-R; Beckman-D-A SO: Reproductive Toxicology 7(6): 535-580 PY: 1993 LA: English AB: The reproductive risks of electromagnetic fields (EMF) were evaluated based on an extensive review of the scientific literature pertaining to human epidemiliologic studies, secular trend data, in vivo animal studies and in vitro studies, and biologic plausibility. The epidemiologic studies involving the reproductive effects of EMF exposures to human populations have included populations exposed to: (1) video display terminals (VDTs), and (2) power lines and household appliances. The clinical use of diagnostic MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) has been increasing, but there are few reports or studies of pregnant women or individuals of reproductive age who have been exposed to MRI, and whose reproductive performance has been evaluated. * Note the above does not say a negative result. The population that has been studied most frequently are women exposed to VDTs, but their EMF exposures are extremely low and frequently are at the level of the ambient EMF in a house or office. The results of epidemiologic studies involving VDTs are generally negative for the reproductive effects that have been studied. Based on the number of studies, the exposure levels, and the fairly consistent results, it can be argued that VDT epidemiologic studies should no longer be given priority. * Positive results were related to older equipment settings. There have been fewer studies concerned with the reproductive risks of power lines, electric substations, and home appliances. In some publications, positive findings for reproductive risks were reported, but the more consistent findings indicate that EMT, even at these higher exposures, do not generate a measurable increase in reproductive failures in the human population. When compared to other fields of human epidemiology, it is obvious that these studies have many difficulties. Exposures are rarely determined. Studies frequently involve small sample sizes and the investigators rarely have a combined expertise in EMT physics, engineering, and reproductive biology. * That reasoning could be swinging the picture either way. Because of the allegation that there may be particular windows of frequency, wave shape, and intensity that may be deleterious it is impossible to disregard low frequency EMF exposures as having no deleterious reproductive effects. Yet the epidemiologic data that are available would point in that direction. Secular trend data analysis of birth defect incidence data indicate that increasing generation of electric power during this century is not associated with a concomitant rise in the incidence of birth defects. * We must also remember that better food storage practices have appeared * this century, too. The smaller amount of aflatoxin B1 in food, for * example, has meant reduced cancer, and possibly reduced other types of * defects. ELF EMF could be taking over from such. We want to move to * less of the avoidable summed defects from all sources, not stay at the * summed level we have. There are over 70 EMF research projects dealing with animal and in vitro studies that are concerned with some aspect of reproduction and growth. Unfortunately, a large proportion of the embryology studies utilized the chick embryo and evaluated the presence or absence of teratogenesis after 48 to 52 hours of development. The chick embryo studies were of little assistance to the epidemiologist or clinician in determining whether EMF exposure represents a hazard to the human embryo, and the results were, in any case, inconsistent. Embryo culture or cell culture studies are also of little assistance in determining the human risk of EMF. * That seems a rather weird statement. Even between a rice plant and a * human many of the house-keeping genes are the same. In vitro or in vivo studies in nonhuman species can be used to study mechanisms and the effects that have been suggested by human investigations. Only well designed whole-animal teratology studies are appropriate when the epidemiologists and clinical teratologists are uncertain about the environmental risks. * That appears to be saying, "Er, well, we find trouble in the test-tube * but perhaps an integrated immune system can repair the damage." - Well * at what energy cost to other more advanced development? It's going to * be a while before we find whether the melatonin change and possibly * other hormonal changes brought about by low intensity ELF magnetic or * electric fields are proven not to reduce IQ's of developing human. * Perhaps we are already going through an evolutionary process, less * reproduction of those humans sensitive to the fields. And did they * hold genes important for future human evolutionary possiblities, which * may have to be caught up on? We heard on bionet.molbio.genome-program * of the deaf parents who wished to ensure through genetic testing that * they would have a deaf child. Do we want a race of electromagnetically * deaf people? We may soon move to thermochemical heat storage using * such substances as sodium sulphide to work heat pumps, as an * alternative to so much electric power transmission. Fiber optics * technology will also reduce fields, as will better design. But will * our descendants in any great number be able to avail themselves of the * silence of the aether free of electro-pollution? Other aspects of reproductive failure such as abortion, infertility, stillbirth, and prematurity cannot be addressed by in vitro or culture experiments. In fact, it is very difficult to design and interpret nonprimate in vivo studies. * Growth of plants has been shown to increase in similar fields, only * slightly elevated fields. And things happen to non-primates, it * appears to be being admitted? Biologic plausability for teratogenesis can be supported if an agent such as EMF can be demonstrated to be cytotoxic or mutagenic. The studies dealing with mutagenesis, cell death, and cell proliferation using in vitro systems do not indicate that EMF have the potential for deleteriously affecting proliferating and differentiating embryonic cells at the exposures to which populations are usually exposed. * Plants grow faster in slightly elevated fields, maybe that is not * regarded as a "deleterious" effect. But it only takes then a * weakened growth control mechanism as in cancer, and that may grow * faster, too. And when some "issues thast need clarification" (referred * to later) are properly attended to, then we shall see, one way or the * other. Of course,