>> Forsdyke: The evolution of specific function and protein concentration can
>> be considered independently. The protein has a theoretically
>> possible maximum specific activity (activity/unit protein).
..................................... If so, would you care to
>> speculate what evolutionary forces would determine that a
>> particular gene evolve to set a particular protein concentration
>> within a particular cytosol?
>>>> Prasad:
>I just bought a copy of "The Selfish Gene" this weekend, and haven't had the
>time to read it yet (yes, I know I should have read it years ago). Maybe the
>answers to everything are written within.
>The cytosolic concentration of a protein would be determined (teleologically
>speaking) by necessity. For example, organisms in a certain environment would
>need certain proteins more that organisms in other environments, e.g. DNA-
>repair proteins may be in higher concentration in bacteria exposed to high
>UV rays, or other radiation than in the average lab strain of E. coli.
>could be as simple as selection for those that express the appropriate level
>of that protein to survive. Let's take UV rays as a speculative example.
>Normally they would damage DNA, but the one-cell-in-a-billion whose
>exposure to UV leads to an up-promoter mutation in the DNA repair operon
>would have a selective advantage over the others, and may eventually survive,
Forsdyke: When you talk about uv-inducible protein, as example, you are
still thinking in terms of specific protein FUNCTION. I invite
you to think in terms of proteins as proteins. They have properties
as such. For example, they would have some osmotic effect if on
one side of a semi-permeable membrane. I seem to recall that
the collective functions of proteins are invoked by the
physiologists to explain Donnan equilibrium. Now, if these
collective functions were important from the viewpoint of
evolutionary selection, then genes would be modified based on
selection for these functions.
Turning back to the test-tube model, one collective function
is the pressure exerted by proteins on each other. That was why in
my original model I asked you to consider the effect of collective-
ly increasing protein concentration on the aggregation of
individual proteins. A given protein, both contributes to the
pressure to drive proteins from solution, and is acted upon by that
pressure.
Now to introduce a Dawkins note, but in our context we are
talking about "self" genes, which, like "not-self" genes, are also
"selfish". Self genes jump aboard the chromosome and travel
together into the next generation. They adapt to each other and
thus begin to define "self". The particular property of interest
is that of protein concentration. Throughout evolutionary time
each gene "fine-tunes" its protein concentration to the collective
pressure exerted by the other proteins with which it is moving
through time. At the same time, all the proteins tend to maximize
the collective pressure to drive individual proteins from solution,
by pushing their own concentrations to the limit. In this
cytosolic environment, a not-self protein might more readily
exceed its individual solubility limits. Thus is would aggregate
and mark itself as foreign, thus fulfilling the criterion
advanced earlier for its being conducted, via proteosomes, to the
MHC protein complexes.
This is not the end of the story. There are some flaws to this
argument. Perhaps you can spot them, and others that I have not
noted?
Sincerely, Don Forsdyke
>>>>>>>>>>References: Forsdyke, D. (1992) Bionet.immunology 812 947edt
>>>>>>>>>> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 814 1516gmt
>>>>>>>>>> Forsdyke, D. (1992) Bionet.immunology 817 1757edt
>>>>>>>>>> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 818 133gmt
>>>>>>>>> Forsdyke, D. (1992) Bionet.immunology 818, 1616edt
>>>>>>>> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 819, 405gmt
>>>>>>> Forsdyke, D. (1992) Bionet.immunology 819 1019edt
>>>>>>> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 819, 2019gmt
>>>>> Forsdyke, D. (1992) Bionet.immunology 820, 858edt
>>>>>> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 821, 56gmt
>>> Forsdyke, D. (1992) Bionet.immunology, 821, 858edt
>>> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 821, 1544gmt
> Forsdyke, D. (1922) Bionet.immunology 824, 918edt
> Prasad, S. (1992) Bionet.immunology 824, 1814gmt