From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Mar 02 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: jmoulder@its.mcw.edu (John E. Moulder) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Lymphoma-prone mice and 50-Hz Date: 2 Mar 1998 16:54:39 -0800 Organization: Medical College of Wisconsin Lines: 19 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Radiation Research Volume 149, Number 3, March 1998 Mailing date (estimated): February 20 CONTENTS REGULAR ARTICLES Alan W. Harris, Antony Basten, Val Gebski, Denise Noonan, John Finnie, Mary L. Bath, Michael J. Bangay and Michael H. Repacholi A Test of Lymphoma Induction by Long-Term Exposure of Emicro-Pim1 Transgenic Mice to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields (p. 300) Moderately lymphoma-prone Emicro-Pim1 mice were exposed to 50 Hz fields of 1, 100 or 1000 microT for 2 h per day for up to 18 months. Exposure was not associated with any statistically significant increase in the incidence of lymphoma. John Moulder (jmoulder@its.mcw.edu) From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Mar 04 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: Allan Frey Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Cancer and emf Date: 5 Mar 1998 12:12:18 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 73 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <34FF057F.63BB@uu.net> Reply-To: afrey@UU.NET NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Draft reports on cancer genesis and promotion of 60-Hz magnetic fields have been posted on the Envirormental Health Information Service's web site.* These two draft reports are in the peer review stage. The results reported are a mixed bag of apparent effects in some cases and no effects in other cases. =20 The studies were carried out, apparently, with the intent to provide information that can be used in making health policy for humans. I contend that these studies can not be used for this purpose because of two implicit assumptions that were made when the studies were being designed. =20 First, it was assumed that the relevant magnetic field parameter for inducing biological effects is a pure sixty-hertz sine-wave. This assumption was made for convenience in setting up the experiments. But the public is exposed to something very different, as the authors admit.** Biological theory as well as substantial published data indicate that the field characteristics that people are actually exposed to, and that the authors eliminated from their experiments, are the effective agent. Thus, if one wants to use the results of these studies in setting health policy for people exposed to power line fields, one must first prove that a pure sine-wave field is the relevant parameter for inducing biological effects.=20 The second implicit assumption made by the authors was that magnetic fields are an alien substance, like arsenic, etc. Thus, they set up the experiments using a toxicology model - in a dose-response format. In fact, electrical and magnetic fields are not alien substances; rather, they are fundamental in the functioning of living organisms. I have addressed this matter in detail in several publications. Thus, if one wants to use the results of these studies in setting health policy for people exposed to power line fields, one must first prove that a toxicology model is appropriate. Although the technology in these experiments may be fine, it would not be ethical to use the results in the formulation of health policy for the human population without first proving that the implicit assumptions that were made, are true. Allan =B7 http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/ NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES OF 60-HZ MAGNETIC FIELDS IN F344/N RATS AND B6C3F MICE 1 (WHOLE-BODY EXPOSURE STUDIES) Scheduled Peer Review Date: 11 March 1998 NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE STUDIES OF MAGNETIC FIELD PROMOTION (DMBA INITIATION) IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS (GAVAGE/WHOLE-BODY EXPOSURE STUDIES) Scheduled Peer Review Date: 11 March 1998 ** "While power line magnetic field exposures are predominantly sine-wave fields, residential and occupational exposures may include square waves, sawtooth waves, and other wave forms. Harmonics (120 Hz, 180 Hz,etc.) may also be found. Further, as appliances are switched on and off, spikes or transients in fields may occur. It is not feasible to evaluate all possible variables in large animal studies. Therefore, this study used linearly polarized, pure sine-wave exposures at 60 Hz, with the fields turned on when the sine wave was at zero amplitude and gradually increased over seven to nine cycles (between 0.11 and 0.15 seconds) to full intensity, and similarly gradually decreased to avoid transients. The NIEHS studies evaluate the predominant component (60-Hz sine-wave magnetic fields) without all the complexities of the exposures that occur in residential and occupational settings." --=20 Allan H. Frey Email: afrey@uu.net 11049 Seven Hill Lane Voice: 301.299.5181 Potomac, MD 20854, USA From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Mar 05 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: "Kenneth R. Foster" Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Cancer and emf Date: 5 Mar 1998 18:54:37 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 34 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <3.0.32.19980305155953.008f21c0@postoffice.seas.upenn.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net But the main conclusion of the report is: "Under the conditions of these 2-year whole-body exposure studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity* of 60-Hz magnetic fields in male F344/N rats based on slightly increased incidences of thyroid gland C-cell neoplasms. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female F344/N rats or male or female B6C3F mice exposed to 0.02, 2, or 10 G, or 10 G intermittent 60-Hz magnetic fields. [the report gives some reasons why this result is equivocal, including the multiple comparison problem] In exposed rats and mice there were no increased incidences of neoplasms at sites for which epidemiology studies have suggested association with magnetic fields (brain, mammary gland, leukemia)." Sounds like a basically negative study to me! This study, together with the negative results of the Repacholi study, would seem to be the end of the story. Kenneth R Foster Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 220 S. 33rd St. Philadelphia PA 19104-6392 215-898-8534 fax 215-573-2071 President, IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology ********************************************************************* SSIT Web Page: http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/users/j/jherkert EMBS Committee on Man and Radiation homepage: http://homepage.seas.upenn.edu/~kfoster/comar.htm Plug for latest book: http://homepage.seas.upenn.edu/~kfoster/book.htm From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Mar 05 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: "Michael Wolf" Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Residential EMFs???? Date: 6 Mar 1998 13:16:19 -0800 Organization: PSINet Lines: 7 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <6dmrv4$37t$1@client3.news.psi.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Any info on residential EMF from 500kv transmission lines? House is 660ft from these lines and reads an average of 1.5mGauss inside. From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Mar 05 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: jmoulder@its.mcw.edu (John Moulder) Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Lymphoma-prone mice and 50-Hz Date: 6 Mar 1998 13:14:57 -0800 Organization: Medical College of Wisconsin Lines: 27 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <9803051417.AA40881@admin-one.radbio.mcw.edu> References: Reply-To: jmoulder@its.mcw.edu (John Moulder) NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net > Radiation Research > Volume 149, Number 3, March 1998 > Alan W. Harris et al: A Test > of Lymphoma Induction by Long-Term Exposure of Emicro-Pim1 Transgenic > Mice to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields (p. 300) > Moderately lymphoma-prone Emicro-Pim1 mice were exposed to 50 Hz fields of > 1, 100 or 1000 microT for 2 h per day for up to 18 months. Exposure was > not associated with any statistically significant increase in > the incidence of lymphoma. There was a typo in the on-line mini-abstract. Exposure was for _20_ hours per day. Some other notes: 1) There were two 1000 microT arms, continuous exposure and pulsed 15 min on/ off 2) This is the same model system used in the 1997 Repacholi et al RF study. 3) The RF and ELF studies were done simultaneously and shared the same control group. John Moulder (jmoulder@its.mcw.edu) From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Mar 05 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: Allan Frey Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Response to Foster Date: 5 Mar 1998 19:54:27 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 28 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <34FF667F.A30@uu.net> Reply-To: afrey@UU.NET NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net Foster is not responsive to my posting; he does not seem to understand the point. Possibly a retelling of an old vaudeville comedy skit might help make the point. One night, a pedestrian walking on a sidewalk watched a drunk walk round and round under the corner street lamp staring at the ground. The pedestrian asked the drunk what he was doing. The drunk said he had lost money somewhere on the street and was looking for it. The pedestrian asked him why he was only looking on the corner. The drunk said that he was looking only there because the light was better on the corner. It might be cleaner and neater for engineers such as Foster to set up pure sine-wave signals, but that does not mean they are relevant to the biological organism. And those are not the signals that are in residences and workplaces as the authors of the cited studies admit. What is important is that one has to think about the biology and have that determine the engineering; not the other way around as was done in the cited studies and others. Some people have lost sight of that. Allan -- Allan H. Frey Email: afrey@uu.net 11049 Seven Hill Lane Voice: 301.299.5181 Potomac, MD 20854, USA From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Thu Mar 05 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: "Kenneth R. Foster" Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Cancer and emf -- promotion study Date: 5 Mar 1998 18:55:27 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 29 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <3.0.32.19980305160334.008ecde0@postoffice.seas.upenn.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net The main conclusion of the report on promotion is: "Thus, the data from the NTP studies (NTP, 1998), the Mandeville et al. (1997) study, and the Yasui et al. (1997) study provide no support that magnetic fields can increase the incidence of mammary gland tumors in standard rodent studies." Kenneth R Foster Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 220 S. 33rd St. Philadelphia PA 19104-6392 215-898-8534 fax 215-573-2071 President, IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology ********************************************************************* SSIT Web Page: http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/users/j/jherkert EMBS Committee on Man and Radiation homepage: http://homepage.seas.upenn.edu/~kfoster/comar.htm Plug for latest book: http://homepage.seas.upenn.edu/~kfoster/book.htm From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Fri Mar 06 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: Russell Senior Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Residential EMFs???? Date: 6 Mar 1998 19:42:58 -0800 Organization: EMF Measurements Database Lines: 17 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <86d8fzxy8y.fsf@coulee.tdb.com> References: <6dmrv4$37t$1@client3.news.psi.net> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net >>>>> "Michael" == Michael Wolf writes: Michael> Any info on residential EMF from 500kv transmission lines? Michael> House is 660ft from these lines and reads an average of Michael> 1.5mGauss inside. What information are you looking for? At a distance of 660 feet, probably very little of the 1.5 milligauss is due to the transmission lines. -- Russell Senior russell@emf-data.org EMF Measurements Database http://www.emf-data.org T. Dan Bracken, Inc. (503) 233-2181 Portland, Oregon 97202 FAX (503) 233-2665 From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Mon Mar 09 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: Allan Frey Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: reprint- headache article Date: 10 Mar 1998 14:33:22 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 362 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <3505BB7C.E63@uu.net> Reply-To: afrey@UU.NET NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net The print version of my headache article should now be in the libraries where anyone can read or copy it; it is in the March issue. Since posting the abstract to this group when the article went online in January on the journal's web site, I've had a great many reprint requests. Following is a reprint of the article. Allan Published in Environmental Health Perspectives; a journal published by the National Institutes of Health. Frey AH. Headaches from cellular telephones: are they real and what are the implications? Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 106, Number 3, March 1998, 101-103. [Online January 22 1998] http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/106p101-103frey/abstract.html Headaches from Cellular Telephones: Are They Real and What Are the Implications? Allan H. Frey Randomline, Inc., Potomac, MD 20854 USA (afrey@uu.net) ABSTRACT There have been numerous recent reports of headaches occurring in association with the use of hand-held cellular telephones. Are these reported headaches real? Are they due to emissions from telephones? There is reason to believe that the answer is "yes" to both questions. There are several lines of evidence to support this conclusion. First, headaches as a consequence of exposure to low intensity microwaves were reported in the literature 30 years ago. These were observed during the course of microwave hearing research before there were cellular telephones. Second, the blood-brain barrier appears to be involved in headaches, and low intensity microwave energy exposure affects the barrier. Third, the dopamine-opiate systems of the brain appear to be involved in headaches, and low intensity electromagnetic energy exposure affects those systems. In all three lines of research, the microwave energy used was approximately the same-in frequencies, modulations, and incident energies-as those emitted by present day cellular telephones. Could the current reports of headaches be the canary in the coal mine, warning of biologically significant effects? Key words: brain, cellular telephones, electromagnetic fields, eye, hazards, headaches. There have been many recent reports of headaches occurring in association with the use of hand-held cellular telephones (1,2). Digital telephone users are more likely than analog telephone users to report headaches. Are these reported headaches real? Are they due to emissions from the telephones? There is reason to believe that the answer is "yes" to both questions. There are several lines of evidence to support this conclusion, evidence that was gathered in the 1960s and 1970s, well before there were cellular telephone systems. The evidence from that research now has unsettling implications because of the recent development and now widespread use of cellular telephones. At that time, it was reported that when people are exposed to very low intensity microwave energy with certain frequency and modulation characteristics, they report that they hear sounds (3,4). This has been called the microwave hearing effect. These sounds, e.g., buzzes, clicks, tones, etc., vary as a function of the modulation. The incident average power density at the head needed to induce the effect is quite low, in microwatts per square centimeter. The transmitting antenna can be many feet away. The salient characteristics of the primary cellular telephone systems in use today are shown in Table 1. The transmitting frequencies fall in the most sensitive band for the microwave hearing effect (5). The transmitting frequencies are also in the band that has maximal penetration into the head (4). Further, when the head is shielded from the microwave energy, the area of the head that needs to be exposed to the microwaves in order for people to perceive the effect is in proximity to the antenna of present day cellular telephones (4). In a series of experiments, the microwave hearing effect apparently occurred within the cochlea (6-9). (There is some confusion in the literature because a few people, using high power energy delivered by applicators placed on the head, induced vibration in the head; they called this microwave hearing, but it is a different phenomena.) Microwave hearing is a robust effect. Puranen and Jokela (10), for example, stated in a recent review that "...the microwave auditory effect is the only well established specific effect in realistic exposure situations." In the context of this paper, the most important point that came out of the microwave hearing research that I did in the 1960s is the finding that my human subjects were reporting headaches. I found that I also was getting headaches when I was in the microwave field, and I do not get headaches. I reported the headache phenomena in the 1960s (5). At that time I could not do experimentation on the headache phenomena. Little was known about headaches and there were no suitable animal models. I was sufficiently concerned about the headache phenomena that I stopped doing microwave hearing research with humans. In sum, 30 years ago I encountered and reported headaches from microwave energy exposure at approximately the same frequencies, modulations, and incident energies that present day cellular telephones emit. Two other lines of research done at that time bear on the cellular telephone headache question: one involves the blood-brain barrier, and the other involves the dopamine-opiate systems of the brain. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER The blood-brain barrier separates the brain and cerebral spinal fluid of the central nervous system from the blood. It primarily consists of an essentially continuous layer of cells lining the blood vessels of the brain. It is a critical regulatory interface. Recent data indicate that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier may be involved in headaches (11-13). There is significant evidence in the literature that indicates the blood-brain barrier does break down with exposure to low intensity cellular telephone frequency band microwave energy. Several fluorescent dyes bind to serum protein when injected into the blood stream. These have been used to study the nature of this regulatory interface and have been found to be quite useful. I used one of these, sodium fluorescein, to explore the effects of exposure of animals to microwave energy (14). I found penetration of the barrier in response to exposure to microwave energy; fluorescence was found in the diencephalon level of the brain as well as, to some extent, in the mesencephalon and metencephalon. The differences in brain fluorescence between the exposed and sham-exposed animals were statistically significant. Pulse-modulated energy was more effective than continuous (14). Oscar and Hawkins (15) extended the work by exposing rats to microwave energy to assess the uptake of several radioactive neutral polar substances in the brain. They observed barrier permeability increases for mannitol and inulin but not for high molecular weight dextrin. The apparent permeability change, which was reversible, was greatest in the medulla, followed in decreasing order by the cerebellum and hypothalamus. It was also found that microwave energy exposure of the same average power but with different pulse characteristics produced different uptake levels. Albert (16) and Albert and Kerns (17), using yet another technique, exposed Chinese hamsters to microwave energy and injected them with various electron dense tracers. Specimens were then prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The exposed and sham-exposed groups differed in that exposed animals showed tracer penetration of the barrier in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, medulla, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Thus, a picture was unfolding which indicates that low intensity microwave exposure opens the blood-brain barrier, a particularly important biological effect. But then the field was thrown into confusion. Over a 2-year period, J.H. Merritt made oral presentations in which he stated that he replicated the Frey et al. work (14) and Oscar and Hawkins work (15) and could not find an effect. When he finally submitted a manuscript for publication, a statistical analysis of the presented data by the editor and a reviewer showed that, in fact, his data supported the opposite conclusion and provided a confirmation of the findings of Frey et al. (14). When the editor brought this to his attention and asked him to revise the paper to include the data analysis and to revise his conclusions, Merritt withdrew his manuscript (18,19). Over a 2-year period, A.W. Guy et al. also made oral presentations in which they reported that they had replicated earlier work using fluorescent dyes and did not find a change in the blood-brain barrier, but they did not make available details of their methods and the statistical analysis underlying their conclusions. When details were eventually obtained, it was found that they used intraperitoneal injections instead of intravenous injections, as used in the other studies, without compensating for the injection method and differences in time for the blood to deliver the dye to the blood-brain barrier. The dye did not have time to fully reach the blood-brain barrier. They also inappropriately used the t-test to compare exposed and control groups, using data with high variability, an ordinal scale, and only four animals in each group (18,20). Thus, the data actually were quite consistent and indicated that the blood-brain barrier opens in response to low intensity microwave energy exposure. At this point, the U.S. Department of Defense decided to effectively terminate funding for blood-brain barrier experiments that used low intensity microwave energy (18,19). The data that was collected before this line of research was terminated, considered with recent data indicating that blood- brain barrier permeability is involved in headaches, suggest that the reported headaches associated with cellular telephone use are real and may be due to the cellular telephone emissions. [I also found and reported that the blood-vitreous humor barrier of the eye was affected by low intensity microwave energy exposure (21,22). This might also be of consequence in cellular telephone use.] DOPAMINE-OPIATE SYSTEMS OF THE BRAIN There is now data in the literature, which indicates that the dopamine-opiate system may be involved in headaches (23-25). This is of consequence because it provides yet another basis for the belief that cellular telephone-associated headache reports have a basis in fact. There is a substantial body of data indicating that the dopamine-opiate systems are influenced by electromagnetic fields, including those at cellular telephone frequencies (26). In the early 1970s, I hypothesized that the dopamine systems of the brain, in part, mediate the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (27,28). A series of experiments to test the hypothesis indicate that the dopamine systems of the brain are involved (26,29). I extended the dopamine hypothesis to include the opiate systems and provided a comprehensive integration of the evidence, indicating an effect of electromagnetic fields on the brain's dopamine-opiate systems (30,31). A series of experiments followed that supported the hypothesis (26).Thus, there is now a substantial body of data indicating that brain systems, particularly the opiate-dopamine systems, are influenced by exposure to brief, very low intensity electromagnetic fields. These systems could be involved in the reported headaches. DISCUSSION The use of hand-held cellular telephones raises a number of questions. Are these telephones safe? There is an abundance of evidence to support a conclusion that the reported headaches from cellular telephone use are a real phenomena. Thirty years ago, headaches as a consequence of exposure to low intensity microwaves were reported in the literature. These headaches were observed during the course of microwave hearing research before cellular telephones were developed. The blood-brain barrier appears to be involved in headaches, and low intensity microwave energy exposure affects the barrier. The dopamine-opiate systems of the brain appear to be involved in headaches, and low intensity electromagnetic energy exposure affects those systems. In all three lines of research, the energy used was approximately the same in frequencies, modulations, and incident energies as those emitted by present day cellular telephones. These current reports of headaches may be the canary in the coal mine warning of biologically significant effects. The use of cellular telephones exposes nearby people, as well as the users, to microwave energy. Should this be allowed? There is not sufficient data at this time to answer this question; but in view of the fact that there has not been a reasonable search for such data, should people be exposed to second-hand microwave emissions without their consent? There are a few people who would claim that there has been a search, as indicated by studies on the biological effects of microwave emissions which have not revealed a hazard. But the conflicts of interest and questions on the actions of those who decided what research was done and published have been documented by Steneck (18,19). Thus, this claim that there has been a search is hardly credible. Nothing much has changed in the control of this area of biological research, as far as I can see, since Steneck did his in-depth study of this research area. (Steneck, at the time, was Director of the Collegiate Institute for Values and Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He and institute fellows in biology and physics did their case study with a major grant from the National Science Foundation's Program for Ethics and Values in Science and Technology.) References 1. Reports of headaches emerge among cellular phone users in U.S. Microwave News XVI(6):10 (1996). 2. EMF-Link. Information Ventures Web page, http://infoventures.com/forms/webfind.html (1996). 3. Frey AH. Auditory system response to radio frequency energy. Aerosp Med 32:1140-1142 (1961). 4. Frey AH. Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy. J Appl Physiol 17:689-692 (1962) 5. Frey AH. Effects of microwaves and radio frequency energy on the central nervous system. In: Biological Effects and Health Implications of Microwave Radiation (Cleary, S, ed). PB193898. Washington, DC:Food and Drug Administration, 1969;134-139. 6. Frey AH, Eichert E. Psychophysical analysis of microwave sound perception. J Bioelectricity 4:1-14 (1985). 7. Wilson B, Joines W. Mechanisms and physiological significance of microwave action on the auditory system. J Bioelectricity 4:495-525 (1985). 8. Frey AH, Corin E. Holographic assessment of a hypothesized microwave hearing mechanism. Science 206:232-234 (1979). 9. Frey AH, Messenger R. Human perception of illumination with pulsed UHF electromagnetic energy. Science 181:356-358 (1973). 10. Puranen L, Jokela K. Radiation hazard assessment of pulsed microwave radars. J Micro Power Electromagn Energy 31(3):165-177 (1996). 11. Sandyk R, Awerbuch GI. The co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis and migraine headache: the serotoninergic link. Int J Neurosci 76:249-257 (1994). 12. Janigro D, West GA, Nguyen TS, Winn HR. Regulation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells by nitric oxide. Circ Res 75(3):528-538 (1994). 13. Winkler T, Sharma HS, Stalberg E, Olsson Y, Dey PK. Impairment of blood-brain barrier function by serotonin induces desynchronization of spontaneous cerebral cortical activity: experimental observations in the anaesthetized rat. Neuroscience 68(4):1097-1104 (1995). 14. Frey AH, Feld S, Frey B. Neural function and behavior: defining the relationship. Ann NY Acad Sci 247:433-438 (1975). 15. Oscar KL, Hawkins TD. Microwave alteration of the blood-brain barrier system of rats. Brain Res 126:281-293 (1977). 16. Albert EN. Light and electron microscopic observations on the blood-brain barrier after microwave irradiation. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Biological Effects and Measurement of Radio Frequency/Microwaves. Rockville, MD:Food and Drug Administration, 1977;294-304. 17. Albert EN, Kerns JM. Reversible microwave effects on the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res 230(1-2):153-164 (1981). 18. Steneck NH. Risk/Benefit Analysis: The Microwave Case. San Francisco, CA:San Francisco Press, 1982. 19. Steneck NH. The Microwave Debate. Cambridge, Massachusetts:The MIT Press, 1984. 20. Frey AH. On microwave effects at the blood-brain barrier. Bioelectromagnetics Society Newsletter, Nov. 1980;28. 21. Frey AH. Blood-brain, blood-vitrous humor, and placental barrier modification due to microwave exposure [abstract]. Biophysical J 21(3):110a (1978). 22. Frey AH. Possible modification of the blood-vitreous humor barrier of the eye with electromagnetic energy. J Bioelectricity 3:281-292 (1984). 23. Del Zompo M, Lai M, Loi V, Pisano MR. Dopamine hypersensitivity in migraine: role in apomorphine syncope. Headache 35(4):222-224 (1995). 24. Villeneuve A. Pathophysiology and treatment of negative symptoms. Can J Psychiatry 39 (9 suppl 2):PS53-58 (1994). 25. Barbanti P, Bronzetti E, Ricci A, Cerbo R, Fabbrini G, Buzzi MG, Amenta F, Lenzi GL. Increased density of dopamine D5 receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes of migraineurs: a marker for migraine? Neurosci Lett 207(2):73-76 (1996). 26. Frey AH, ed. On the Nature of Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Systems. Austin, TX:R.G. Landes Co., 1994. 27. Frey AH, Spector J. Irritability and aggression in mammals as affected by exposure to electromagnetic fields. Abstracts of papers presented at the URSI Annual Meeting, Amherst, MA, 1976. Paris:International Union of Radio Science, 1976. 28. Frey AH, Spector J. Exposure to rf electromagnetic fields decreases aggressive behavior. Aggres Behav 12:285-291 (1986). 29. Frey AH, Wesler L. Modification of tail pinch consummatory behavior in microwave energy exposure. Abstracts of papers presented at the URSI Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 1979. Paris:International Union of Radio Science, 1979. 30. Frey AH. Biological mediators and mechanisms for low intensity electromagnetic effects. Presented at the Bioelectromagnetics Society Third Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 1981. Gaithersburg, MD:Bioelectromagnetics Society, 1981. 31. Wesler L, Frey AH. Microwave energy interaction with the dopamine and opiate systems of the brain. Bioelectromagnetics Society Third Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 1981. Gaithersburg, MD:Bioelectromagnetics Society, 1981. (The table below will align if displayed in Courier 10 font) Table 1. Transmitter parameters of current cellular phone systems. Analog NADC GSM Transmitter freq. 824-849 MHz 824-849 MHz 890-915 MHz Average power 600 mW 200 mW 118 mW Modulation FM 50 pps 217 pps 6.7 ms pulse width 0.6 ms pulse width -- Allan H. Frey Email: afrey@uu.net 11049 Seven Hill Lane Voice: 301.299.5181 Potomac, MD 20854, USA From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Wed Mar 18 22:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: "Isidro Savillo" Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Histoarchitectre through EMF of Cancer Cells:Newest Techniques Date: 19 Mar 1998 04:43:57 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 11 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: <013ea4238051338UPIMSSMTPUSR02@email.msn.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net I am after the newest techniques for exposing the histoarchitectre of cancer cells through the use of EMF which would later be used as basis of comparison among different types of races. Thanks a lot. Isidro Savillo From owner-emf-bio@net.bio.net Sun Mar 29 23:00:00 1998 Path: biosci!biosci!not-for-mail From: Nancy C Ostheimer Newsgroups: bionet.emf-bio Subject: Re: Bioelectromagnetics Vol. 19 No. 3, 1998 Table of Contents Date: 30 Mar 1998 08:34:56 -0800 Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology Lines: 89 Sender: daemon@net.bio.net Approved: afrey@uu.net Distribution: world Message-ID: NNTP-Posting-Host: net.bio.net > > BIOELECTROMAGNETICS VOLUME 19, No. 3, 1998 Table of Contents > ============================================================================== > NOTE: Please contact your library or the authors for reprints or further > information about specific articles, NOT the editor, Society, or Publisher! > > For information about the journal, contact the Editor. For member > subscription information, contact the Society at 7519 Ridge Road, > Frederick, MD 21702-3519. For library or other non-member subscription > information, contact the Publisher, Wiley/Liss Inc., 605 Third Avenue, > New York, NY 10158-0012, Attn.: Subscription Dept., 9th Floor. > > Table of Contents from recent previous issues are available on the > Bioelectromagnetics Society Home Page (http://biomed.ucr.edu/bems.htm) or > the Publishers' Home Page for this journal > (http://journals.wiley.com/0197-8462/). > > Ben Greenebaum, Editor > University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Box 2000, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000 > Internet: bems@uwp.edu > ============================================================================== > Bioelectromagnetics > > Journal of Bioelectromagnetics Society, the Society for Physical > Regulation in Biology and Medicine, and the European Bioelectromagnetics > Association > > Volume 19, Number 3, 1998 > > (c) Wiley-Liss, Inc. > > Editor's Note > > 139 Juutilainen Named New Associate Editor Ben Greenebaum > > Articles > > 140 Alternate Indices of Electric and Magnetic Field Exposure Among > Ontario Electrical Utility Workers > Paul J. Villeneuve, David A. Agnew, Paul N. Cory, and Anthony B. > Miller > > 152 Influence of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields on > Chromosomes and the Mitotic Cycle in Vicia faba L., the Broad Bean > B.I. Rapley, R.E. Rowland, W.H. Page, and J.V. Podd > > 162 Evaluation of Potential Health Effects of 10kHz Magnetic Fields: A > Rodent Reproductive Study > B.V. Dawson, I.G.C. Robertson, W.R. Wilson, L.J. Zwi, J.T. Boys, > and A.W. Green > > 172 60Hz Magnetic Field Exposure and Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin > Levels in the Rat > T. Matthew John, Guang-Ying Liu, and Gregory M. Brown > > 181 A Physical Analysis of the Ion Parametric Resonance Model > Robert K. Adair > > 192 Analysis of the Effect of a 60 Hz AC Field on Histamine Release > by Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells > J.A. Price and R.D. Strattan > > >Brief Communication > >199 Human Sleep Under the Influence of Pulsed Radiofrequency > Electromagnetic Fields: A Polysomnographic Study Using Standardized > Conditions > P. Wagner, J. Roschke, K. Mann, and C. Frank > > >(c) 1998, Wiley-Liss, Inc. > > > > > > > > > > > > >