Dear Knudsen:
I don't know enough about the biological systems you noted, but there are
alternatives.
The first is that for crabs, the fact that they do store calcium
carbonate in their hepato-pancreas indicates they can't synthesize it. If they
don't have enough calcium, so what? Their soft shells may be mostly proteins
that bind the required calcium later on. The fact that sea water contains only
a trace amount of calcium is irrelevant. many compounds and metallo-proteins
have phenomenal binding constants that can bind what they need no matter how
dilute. All that is needed is a good current to bring in fresh supplies of
trace calcium.
With regards to chickens, if they're not supplied enough calcium, I've
been told that they deplete this from their bones and produce thin shelled
eggs. They may deplete their calcium and get by with potassium, I don't know,
but that doesn't mean they are transmuting the elements.
As for cold fusion, it's another topic but has me wondering. I don't know
if it does or doesn't exist however I recall reading a Nature article that
showed that a bubble in water can focus light or sound waves to the point that
a blue light is released. The temperature at the foci was several millions of
degrees which is several times hotter than the sun and I think hot
enough to do fusion.
Take care...John
